Name: 舊金山如何抹去一個街區
Uploaded: 2020-08-07T18:15:53.000Z
Duration: 14 min 56 s

"我們不會動的，我們不會動的我們不會動。"

Thousands of protesters gathered in San Francisco.

And formed a human barricade around this building to protect its residents.

並在這棟樓周圍形成了人肉路障，保護居民。

"The police are on their way now. The police are on their way."

"警察已經在路上了。警察已經在路上了。"

And some inside person called us and said they must be doing something,

還有一些內部人員給我們打電話，說他們一定要做什麼。

The eviction is probably going to happen.

“Hundreds of police in riot gear forced their way into a condemned hotel in San Francisco today.”

"今天，數百名身著防暴裝備的警察強行進入舊金山一家被譴責的酒店。"

“Demonstrators formed a human barricade but it did not prevent police from using clubs and night sticks.”

"示威者組成了一個人肉路障，但這並沒有阻止警察使用棍棒和夜叉。"

“Their orders: evict the last of the people living there.”

"他們的命令：驅逐最後一個住在那裡的人。"

had been at the heart of a historic battle for fair housing in San Francisco.

曾是舊金山公平住房歷史性戰役的核心。

You know, blood was spilled, battles were fought right on that street.

你知道嗎，血流成河，戰鬥就在這條街上打響。

It housed hundreds of Filipinos who fought for their right to have a place to call home,

它容納了數以百計的菲律賓人，他們為自己擁有一個家的權利而奮鬥。

in a city where they'd lived for decades.

在這個他們生活了幾十年的城市裡。

What happened that night changed the community

While it's is now a part of Chinatown — this area of San Francisco used to be “Manilatown,”

雖然它現在是唐人街的一部分--舊金山的這一地區曾經是 "馬尼拉鎮"，但。

one of the country's first Filipino American communities.

是該國最早的菲律賓裔美國人社區之一。

But it wasn't your typical immigrant community.

And that stemmed from a relationship between the US and the Philippines that ran deep.

而這源於美國和菲律賓之間深厚的關係。

經過一個多世紀前的殘酷戰爭。

the US colonized the Philippines and controlled it up until 1946.

美國對菲律賓進行殖民統治，並控制菲律賓直至1946年。

During that period, two major waves of Asian immigration occurred in the US:

在此期間，美國發生了兩次大規模的亞裔移民潮。

first Chinese, and then largely Japanese migrants came to the US to work in mines, factories, on railroads and on farms.

首先是中國人，然後主要是日本移民來到美國，在礦山、工廠、鐵路和農場工作。

But over time both Chinese and Japanese immigrants

但隨著時間的推移，中國人和日本人的移民

faced racist backlash — and were eventually barred from entering the country.

面臨種族主義的反擊--並最終被禁止進入該國。

That created a demand for cheap labor, so the US turned to a new group: Filipinos.

這就產生了對廉價勞動力的需求，所以美國轉向了一個新的群體。菲律賓人。

“For the work is hard. And Filipinos and Mexicans are strong and can do it better.”

"因為工作很辛苦。而菲律賓人和墨西哥人都很強壯，可以做得更好"。

In the 1920s and 30s, the prospect of financial security lured over 100,000 Filipino men to the US.

在20世紀20年代和30年代，經濟保障的前景吸引了10多萬菲律賓男子前往美國。

They felt like they were living the American dream.

But the reality of it was that they were extremely exploited and wages were really low.

但實際情況是，他們受到了極大的剝削，工資真的很低。

One of the most damaging repercussions for Filipino men settling in the US was isolation.

菲律賓男子在美國定居的最嚴重的影響之一就是被孤立。

US policies kept the workers from bringing their families over...

美國的政策讓工人們無法帶著家人過來......

and also stopped them from marrying white women.

but this was a way of again trying to keep them under control and being able to abuse their lives.

但這又是一種試圖控制他們，並能虐待他們生命的方式。

Then that's where the gender imbalance begins.

那麼這就是性別不平衡的開始。

Many of the Filipino men settled along the West Coast.

許多菲律賓男子在西海岸定居。

In San Francisco, about 30,000 of them, started forming a community here

在舊金山，大約有3萬人，開始在這裡形成一個社區。

on a 10-block stretch — right along the spine of Chinatown on Kearny Street.

在10個街區的範圍內--就在卡尼街唐人街的脊樑上。

Outside of this area - Filipino workers found it hard to find any affordable housing...

在這一地區之外--菲律賓工人發現很難找到任何經濟適用房......。

and that was by design. The city, at large, was strictly racially segregated.

而這是設計好的。這個城市，大體上是嚴格的種族隔離。

As soon as they crossed the borders of Manilatown

當他們越過馬尼拉鎮的邊界時... ...

— like here, past Broadway and into surrounding white communities — they were shut out,

- 像這裡，經過百老匯，進入周圍的白人社區--他們被拒之門外。

And even if you walked two blocks that way

They had white vigilante groups that would

hunt them down, try to take them out of town, murder them.

追捕他們，試圖把他們帶出城，謀殺他們。

That forced Filipino men to stay within the boundaries of Manilatown.

這就迫使菲律賓男人留在馬尼拉鎮的範圍內。

But despite the constraints, they found a way to build a home for themselves.

但儘管條件限制，他們還是找到了為自己建造家園的方法。

By the 1950s, they were part of an entire generation of aging men,

到了20世紀50年代，他們是整整一代老男人的一部分。

Manong is a Filipino word. It's a sign of endearment and respect,

Manong是菲律賓的一個詞。是一種愛慕和尊重的標誌。

In San Francisco's Manilatown, many of the manongs ended up living in residential hotels

在舊金山的馬尼拉鎮，許多馬儂人最後都住在居民旅館裡。

like this one called the International Hotel, or I-Hotel.

像這個叫國際酒店，或者叫I-Hotel。

The I-Hotel housed nearly 200 people — largely Filipino men, but some Chinese men, and women, too.

I-Hotel裡住了近200人--主要是菲律賓男人，但也有一些中國男人，還有女人。

They lived in confined spaces, often in poor conditions.

他們生活在狹小的空間裡，往往條件惡劣。

Even so...the I-Hotel and Manilatown provided

即使如此......I-Hotel和Manilatown提供了

a sense of community, and belonging, to the residents.

There were parlors, barber shops, places where people could play pool.

那裡有客廳，理髮店，人們可以打撞球的地方。

Just places they could just call home, be around with their,

只是他們可以隨便叫家的地方，和他們的身邊。

we call them “Kababayans.” Like a brother.

我們叫他們 "卡巴巴人"。像兄弟一樣。

So then the hotels become these places where it's like family to them.

所以酒店就成了這些地方，對他們來說就像家人一樣。

But, their neighborhood was caught in the middle of a changing San Francisco.

但是，他們的社區被捲入了舊金山的變化之中。

San Francisco has consistently been called one of the most expensive cities in the world to live.

舊金山一直被稱為世界上居住成本最高的城市之一。

With the influx of tech companies in recent few decades, it's struggled with massive affordable housing shortages.

近幾十年來，隨著科技公司的湧入，它正為大規模的經濟適用房短缺而苦惱。

But the problems of urbanization didn't start with Silicon Valley.

但城市化的問題並不是從硅谷開始的。

It started in the1950s, with what was known as the “Manhattanization” of this part of downtown.

它始於20世紀50年代，市中心的這部分地區被稱為 "曼哈頓化"。

The city wanted a Wall St — of the west.

And to make room for it -- they came up with a “master plan” for the redevelopment of San Francisco.

為了給它騰出空間--他們為舊金山的再開發提出了一個 "總體規劃"。

This plan for urban renewal called  low-income neighborhoods "blighted districts and slums"

這份城市更新計劃將低收入社區稱為 "破敗區和貧民窟"

and asked for these areas to be razed and "rebuilt along modern lines."

並要求將這些地區夷為平地，"按照現代的方式重建"。

In the Western Addition and Fillmore districts,

the city evicted around 12,000 largely black and Asian American residents.

該市驅逐了約12000名主要是黑人和亞裔美國人的居民。

And here, in the South of Market area, roughly 4,000 people were evicted.

而這裡，在市場南區，大概有4000人被徵遷。

The residents of Manilatown, right at the border of the growing financial district,

馬尼拉鎮的居民，就在不斷髮展的金融區邊界。

In 1968, the owner handed the tenants of the I-Hotel their first eviction notice.

1968年，業主向I-Hotel的租戶遞出了第一份驅逐通知。

The real estate company wanted to demolish the building to make space for a parking lot.

房地產公司想拆掉這棟樓，騰出空間建停車場。

Filipino community leaders and businesses joined the fight along with a growing number of local activists.

菲律賓社區領袖和企業與越來越多的當地活動家一起加入了這場鬥爭。

Estella was one of the young activists on the front lines.

埃斯特拉是前線的年輕活動家之一。

這些都是1968年到1984年的別針。

That's `Ipaglaban` means `fight for` the International Hotel.

那是 "Ipaglaban "的意思是 "爭取 "國際飯店。

After months of protests... the owner and tenants agreed to a new three-year lease in 1969.

經過幾個月的抗議... 業主和租戶在1969年達成了新的三年租約。

By the 1970s, redevelopment efforts moved further and further into Manilatown.

到了70年代，重建工作越發向馬尼拉鎮推進。