I'm the founder and executive director of Mercy For Animals.

And we are a national, nonprofit animal protection

organization.

And our mission is to prevent cruelty to farmed animals, and

promote compassionate food choices and policies.

So I want to talk for a few minutes about how I got

involved in animal protection issues.

This is me in St. Paris, Ohio, a town of about 2,000 people.

I was born on a farm, come from a long heritage of

farmers, four generations.

In this photo, my father is, I think, breaking all sorts of

state and federal laws, potentially--

child endangerment.

But growing up in this environment, I always had a

natural affinity and connection for animals.

I spent much of my childhood exploring the nearby creeks

and streams and looking at wildlife.

And it was our dogs and cats that were the first to teach

me that other creatures share our needs and our desires,

that they have curiosities, senses of humor.

And it wasn't something that I had to study in school.

But from a young age, I witnessed the contradictory

view that we hold for animals.

I saw that our family cared very much about the dogs and

cats that we had, but we did not have the same level of

compassion or empathy or respect for other animals.

So both of my uncles were hunters and

trappers and fishermen.

So from a young age, I witnessed animals being

skinned while they were still alive, having their heads

ripped off while they were still alive.

And most people in my social circle did not afford those

animals much consideration.

And that always felt wrong to me.

I thought that we could and should do much better.

There was a local animal abuse case when I

was 15, so in 1999.

That is what ultimately led to me founding Mercy For Animals.

And it was at a local high school, and there was a

teacher there who had an agricultural class.

And this teacher also ran a pig farm.

Now, one day he brought to school a bucket of day-old

piglets to be used in a dissection project.

Now, these were piglets that he had tried to kill that

morning on his farm.

But when he arrived to the school, one of the piglets was

still alive.

A student in the class who also did part-time work on the

teacher's pig farm took the piglet by her hind legs and

slammed her head-first into the ground to try

to kill this piglet.

Now, the piglet didn't die.

Her skull was broken.

She was bleeding out of her mouth.

She's in horrible distress.

A few of the students who were appalled by this act of abuse

took the dying piglet, left the classroom, and took her to

a teacher who was known as being a vegetarian and

sympathetic to animal cruelty.

That teacher left the school, went to a local vet office,

and had the piglet euthanized.

Now, following that case, there were two counts of

animal cruelty that were filed, one against the student

and one against the teacher.

Now, the case generated a lot of media attention and

controversy in this small farm community.

And the pig farming community rallied behind

the student and teacher.

And they said, we don't want animal advocates coming into

our town, telling us how to do our jobs.

The very first day of the trial, the cruelty charges

were dismissed, because it's considered standard

agricultural practice to kill piglets by slamming them

head-first into the ground.

And in Ohio, like at least 30 other states in this country,

if something is considered standard agricultural

practice, no matter how cruel it is, it's exempt from

cruelty prosecution.

So that case illustrated to me that there needed to be a

voice for farm animals in this community in Ohio.

So since then, Mercy For Animals has grown to having

over 100,000 members and supporters.

We have five offices across the country.

And we work to give a voice to farmed animals in four main

areas-- through public education campaigns, through

undercover cruelty investigations, through

corporate outreach, and legal advocacy efforts.

All right, so there you have it.

Now, I want to start out by talking a bit about animals

and our relationship to animals and

why we should care.

Now, Dr. Jane Goodall once said, "we have to understand

we are not the only beings on this planet with personalities

and minds." Now as I'm sure many of you are aware, Dr.

Goodall spent about 45 years in Africa living with and

studying chimpanzees.

She was one of the first researchers to give her

subjects names as opposed to numbers.

And she started to observe them and find out that many of

the traits that we once held so closely as being unique to

people are in fact not unique and are very widespread in the

animal community--

things like culture and empathy and compassion, things

like not only using tools, but creating tools.

So Dr. Goodall started to tear down these various boundaries.

And I think looking at this image really

illustrates it so perfectly.

We know that other animals feel cold, the cold of this

metal, the heat of the sun, that they form relationships

and bonds, and that they, too, deserve our consideration.

Now, anyone who has shared their homes with dogs or cats

knows this.

We know how excited they are when we come home, how eager

they are for their walks, how playful they are.

And this is, again, not something that we had to study

animal behavior to know.

And the scientific community is finally starting to catch

up to what so many of us have known all along.

Just this year, the University of Cambridge published the

Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness.

And essentially, this is the first time that an

international group of prominent scientists supported

the idea that animals are conscious and aware to the

same degree that humans are.

Now, this was really earth-shattering for this to

come out, because they found that not only do mammals have

consciousness and dogs and cats, but birds have the same

level of consciousness, and not only birds, but fish, and

not only fish, but octopus.

So this whole notion, I think, should give all of us pause to

really think about our treatment of animals and our

obligation to them, and how we can include them in our circle

of consideration and ethics.

So what we do at Mercy For Animals is help people step

back and think about farm animals as individuals with

needs, and how we can respect them and do due diligence in

protecting their interests.

So I want to talk a little bit about who

farmed animals are first.

This is an image of the wild ancestors of

the modern-day chicken.

Now, most people just think of chickens and

they think of barnyards.

And Of course, these birds once lived wild in the jungles

of Southeast Asia.

And they lived in a world that was very rich

with sound and color.

And they lived in social groups of about a dozen birds.

And they were very active.

Now, we manipulated these animals to becoming almost

genetic Frankensteins of what they once were.

And I'll talk about that a little bit later.

But we see that, even through hundreds or thousands of years

of domestication, these animals still have the same

behaviors, the same desires.

These are egg-laying hens that live their entire lives in

tiny cages.

And this is a photograph of them about a month after they

were rescued.

And we see that these birds still want to perch, roost,

dust-bathe.

They spend the night in trees.

Now, the more that we know about birds, the more respect

we should have for them.

We all know the term "the watchful mother hen," and this

is a term that these birds really have earned.

They will give their lives to protect their young.

They have a very close bond with their young.

They actually start to chirp and communicate with them

while they're still in the eggs in the last few days

before hatching.

We know that birds can recognize 100 other birds

based on their distinct facial features.

I think if most of us saw a group of 100 chickens, we'd

think that they all looked pretty similar.

But to them, they look as unique and different as each

of us do in this room to us.

We know that they have a language that

is unique to them.

We know at least 30 different calls that they have that are

unique for overhead predators versus ground predators.

They have a more intimate tone and inflection that they use

with birds that they consider to be their friends.

We know that chickens understand that recently

hidden objects still exist.

They're not rocket science, but this is beyond the ability

of small human children.

That has led Dr. Bernard Rollin to state, "contrary to

what one may hear from the industry, chickens are complex

behaviorally, do quite well in learning, show a rich social

organization, and have a diverse repertoire of calls.

Anyone who has kept barnyard chickens recognizes their

distinct differences in personality." And of course,

anyone who has spent any time with chickens knows that there

are some who like the attention of people, who will

follow you around and peck at your toes, wanting treats, and

others who would prefer to be on their own.

Now, the scientific community is starting to catch up to

this notion.

This is an illustration that appeared in "The Washington

Post" in 2005, where the scientific community called

for a remapping of the bird brain, saying that about 90%

of the over-2,000 terms that we use in referring to the

structure of a bird brain is outdated.

It needs to be reevaluated.

So what we see on the right-hand side of this

illustration is the traditional

view of a bird's brain.

And we see that most of it we thought was just used for

instinctive behaviors, that birds were going around and

just acting by instincts, with a very small amount being used

for cognitive behavior or learning.

But our new view, which we see in the middle here, is that

over 75% of the bird's brain is used for complex cognitive

behavior or learning.

Now, pigs are also

intelligent, sensitive creatures.

Some people say that they're the fourth-most intelligent

creatures on the face of the planet.

We know that these animals have strong bonds that they

also form with their young.

We know that they have a unique language.

We know of at least 20 different grunts or oinks that

they make that mean very distinct things.

And we know that they have long-term memories.

There was a study done at Penn State University.

They took a group of pigs and they presented

them with three objects.

One was a dumbbell, one was a Frisbee, and one was a ball.

And they taught the pigs to pick up the Frisbee, to sit

next to the dumbbell, and to jump over the ball.

And they took those pigs away for three years, without ever

seeing those objects.

Three years later, they brought them back, presented

them with the objects, and 100% of the pigs, without any

retraining or prompting, remembered those behaviors

that they were taught three years before.

Now, Dr. Donald Broom said, "pigs have the cognitive

ability to be sophisticated.