[REEFS AT RISK]

[面臨險境的珊瑚礁]

Tourism is Hawaii's number one industry.

觀光業是夏威夷的第一產業。

And we are very grateful to have visitors come from all over the world to enjoy our beaches and the rest of our natural resources.

我們也非常感謝來自世界各地的遊客，來到這裡享受我們的海灘和其他自然景觀資源。

However, the marine environments around an island are very fragile, and so the more visitors that we have, the more of an impact they have on all of our beaches.

然而，島嶼周圍的海洋環境非常脆弱，所以遊客越多，對我們島上海灘的衝擊也就越大。

We started noticing declines in coral reefs around 1980, 1985,

我們大約在 1980 年到 1985 年間左右開始注意到珊瑚礁數量的下降...

which is about the same time that personal care products like sunscreen lotion were used prominently by tourists going to these beaches, and visiting these coral reefs.

也差不多就是這時候，前往海灘、觀賞珊瑚礁的遊客們開始大量使用防曬乳等個人保健產品。

What we're doing is we're looking at Oxybenzone, a common UV chemical found in many sunscreen lotions and aerosol sprays.

我們目前正在研究羥苯甲酮，它是一種常見於許多防曬乳和防曬噴霧的防紫外線化學物質。

Oxybenzone can cause an adverse effect in coral at 62 parts per trillion.

濃度兆分之一的羥苯甲酮就會對珊瑚造成危害。

That is equivalent to one drop of water in six and a half Olympic-sized swimming pools.

這個比例相當於六個半奧運標準泳池中的一滴水。

So, you don't need a lot to cause a lot of damage.

所以，一點點羥苯甲酮就會造成很大的破壞。

[14000 TONS of sunscreen enter waters around coral reefs each year.]

[每年有 14,000 噸防曬乳排進珊瑚礁周圍的水域。]

[Is your sunscreen killing the reefs?]

[你的防曬乳是否正扼殺著珊瑚礁？]

The researchers that offered this revolutionary paper, they, in the lab, have seen that these compounds are lethal to coral and larvae.

提出這篇革命性論文的研究人員實驗時發現，這些化合物對珊瑚和其幼蟲都非常致命。

It also sterilizes them and bleaches them at a lower temperature by 10 degrees.

羥苯甲酮還會使珊瑚絕育，並使珊瑚白化溫度降低 10 度。

What that means is that if we lose a coral to bleaching, or if it's damaged just from climate change, it can't recover.

這意味著，如果珊瑚白化了，或是因氣候變遷而受損，將無法復原。

Corals are animals.

珊瑚是一種動物。

They actually have a basic immune system that is a lot like humans.

牠們其實有一套基礎免疫系統，和人類非常相似。

They react when they're being stressed out.

珊瑚在緊張、焦慮時會有所反應。

They're white, they're stressed.

牠們心力交瘁時就會白化。

It's a lot like us when we're sick.

就和我們生病時很像。

We're pale, and we're not as healthy.

我們不太舒服的時候就會臉色蒼白。

And that's what's happening to the coral.

珊瑚現在就是如此。

[Coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor, yet they support nearly 25% of all marine life.]

[珊瑚礁雖只佔了不到 1% 的海底面積，但是將近 25% 的海洋生物都依靠珊瑚維生。]

I've worked the last nearly decade on coral health and disease.

在過去近十年間，我一直致力於研究珊瑚健康與疾病。

I never thought in my lifetime I would see reefs just completely wiped out by bleaching.

我從沒想過在有生之年當中會看見珊瑚因白化而完全絕滅。

The level of alarm that I have now is higher than I thought it would ever be.

我現在對此的擔憂程度遠比我以往想像的高得多。

Coral reefs have declined: 40% in Hawaii, 50% in the Great Barrier Reef, 85% in the Caribbean, 99% in the Florida Keys.]

[珊瑚礁衰退量 : 夏威夷地區 40％、大堡礁地區 50％、加勒比海地區 85％、佛羅里達群島地區 99％。]

We lose those reefs, we lose a large amount of income from tourism, from biomedical products, from coastal protection, and really importantly to communities, from food.

若是失去這些珊瑚礁，我們就會失去大量的觀光收入和生醫藥品收入，失去一大部分海岸保護機制以及對社區民生最重要的食物來源。

Oxybenzone is a toxicant.

羥苯甲酮是一種有毒物質。

It can cause harm to humans, it can cause harm to mammals.

它對人類及哺乳類動物皆會造成傷害。

It causes harm to fish--at particular concentrations.

一定濃度的羥苯甲酮也會危害魚類。

As it relates to human health, these chemicals are linked to causing breast cancer to become more aggressive, polluting breast milk, causing Hirschsprung deformity in newborns.

這些化學物質會影響人體健康，可能導致乳癌惡性提高、污染母乳、導致新生兒患有先天性巨結腸症...

And associated with women's uterine diseases, threaten male sexual health, and can damage DNA.

也和婦女子宮疾病有關、威脅男性性健康，並有可能損害 DNA。

There is evidence that Oxybenzone is even showing up in our aquifers and our drinking water.

還有證據顯示我們的地下蓄水層以及飲用水中皆含有羥苯甲酮。

[Oxybenzone is found in 97% of Americans. -the Centers for Disease Control]

[ 97％ 的美國人體內都存有羥苯甲酮。— 美國疾管中心]

What we put on our skin, it's gonna wash off, and it flows into the ocean whether you're in the middle of the U.S. in the mainland, or you're right next to the reef.

我們塗上皮膚的東西終究會被洗掉，無論身在美洲大陸美國中部還是就在珊瑚礁岸邊，那些物質還是會流進大海裡。

Mother dolphins are exposed all the time to oxybenzone because it's there polluting the marine environment.

由於羥苯甲酮持續污染著海洋環境，母海豚無時無刻暴露其中。

And when the mother dolphins breastfeed, oxybenzone that is contaminating the mother passes on to the baby.

而當母海豚餵養母乳時，就會將毒害母體的羥苯甲酮傳遞給小海豚。

-Mr. President, I rise in strong support of the measure. -Please proceed.

-總統先生，我強烈支持這項措施。-請繼續。

Colleagues, this legislation is a big step for the protection of our coral reefs, marine life, and human health.

各位參議員，這項立法是珊瑚礁及海洋生態保育和人體保健的一大躍進。

It will be the first law passed not only in the country, but in the entire world, to ban sunscreens that contain the dangerous chemicals oxybenzone and octinoxate.

這將會是全國乃至全世界首項通過、禁止使用含危險化學物質羥苯甲酮及甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯防曬乳的法案。

We have these global stressors that, in the foreseeable future, they're not going away.

全球有許多在可預見的將來不會消失、造成珊瑚白化的因素。

Temperature is rising, we have increased CO2, ocean acidification.

氣溫一直攀升、二氧化碳排放量不斷增加、海洋持續酸化。

But there's the local stressors, and if we can minimize those, we give the corals a far greater capacity to respond, adapt, and survive.

但除此之外還有各地造成的局部汙染，要是我們將其降到最低，就能夠讓珊瑚有更大的反應、適應和生存能力。

So, what's the easiest thing you control?

那麼，最容易控制的是什麼？

Don't put sunscreens that have harmful chemicals on them.

不要使用含有害化學物質的防曬乳。

You can just put on a long sleeve rash guard.

可以就穿上長袖防磨衣。

You can use lotions that don't have that same impact.

或是擦不會危害海洋的乳液。

There's little decisions like that that if we all do collectively that's gonna help this environment.

我們若是全都共同決定做出這種小改變，就會改善環境問題。

[Hawaii has banned the sale of sunscreens with oxybenzone and octinoxate by 2021.]

[夏威夷在 2021 年前會全面禁止販售含有羥苯甲酮和甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯的防曬乳。]

[In the meantime, use sunblocks with non-nano zinc oxide or titanium dioxide.]

[與此同時，請使用含非奈米氧化鋅或二氧化鈦的防曬產品。]

[To download a reef safe sunscreen guide, go to ReefsAtRisk.org.]

[ReefsAtRisk.org 可下載珊瑚友善防曬指南。]