Name: 學習技巧--好的、壞的和沒用的 (Study Techniques - The Good, Bad, & Useless)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:20:04.000Z
Duration: 10 min 35 s
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There's a great deal of misinformation and resulting confusion

in the world of study strategies and optimization.

To this day, I still get frequent questions from students about the relative utility of various study methods.

Let's cover the most popular techniques and go over each of their pros and cons.

Let's first dispel the most common myth -

that you must study harder to do better in class.

If you're already studying a few hours per day,

the quality of those study sessions becomes far more important than the total duration.

Knowing that, how can we determine what constitutes high-quality studying?

Here's the good, the ok, and the useless of study strategies.

Passive forms of learning are what we all default to.

They're what we've been taught in grade school, and they're much easier to do than active forms of learning.

They feel comfortable, familiar, and allow us to feel good about ourselves

and our productivity without having to venture too far out of our comfort zones.

The most common form of passive studying would be

re-reading your class notes again and again to reinforce the information.

While repetition is certainly important when learning new information,

active recall with spaced repetition is far more effective than passive methods.

Another crowd favorite is highlighting in a textbook

and simply re-reading those highlights to study the information.

Again, passive reinforcement in this manner is very weak and not a good use of your time.

Re-listening to lecture audio recordings is another poor use of time.

Generally speaking, any time you are rewatching, rereading, or re-listening to information,

you're exercising passive forms of learning.

Recently one of my followers sent me a video of another YouTuber who has a unique approach to active learning.

He recommends you write questions for yourself and skip writing down the answer,

as he explains you can look that up later if you forget.

First, I love the emphasis on active recall,

which is something that transformed my own studying as a medical student,

and it's why I push it so heavily on this channel.

Second, I see this as a suboptimal and highly compromised implementation of active learning.

First, if you write questions for yourself without answers,

you'll get the big picture and gestalt dialed in, but you will miss most of the important details.

For a concept heavy course that's light on facts, this isn't a big deal.

However, most classes for pre-meds and medical students do have a high number of facts that must be memorized.

If you want to perform at the highest level on your MCAT or USMLE,

memorizing a large volume of facts is necessary.

Second, there's an art and science to writing out questions that test your recall.

Writing such broad questions is highly inefficient in the context of accelerating learning.

Proper implementation of active recall for maximal learning efficiency

requires smaller testable pieces of knowledge.

Imagine this - you have a question or card asking you to describe 5 elements of a disease process.

you have to do the question again and go over all 5,

rather than just reinforcing the one you forgot.

As you expand this to hundreds or thousands of concepts,

it's clear that the inefficiency compounds on itself and becomes highly costly.

This technique isn't terrible, but it's not nearly as effective as others,

I would only recommend this study technique of writing broad questions

without detailed answers in two instances.

First, the course is highly concept heavy,

such as some upper division neuroscience courses.

Or second, you have phenomenal natural memory and memorization comes easily to you,

which is the only other instance I can see this being effective.

Like most of you, I don't have amazing memory.

It's important to know your strengths and weaknesses so you can intelligently approach studying

to take advantage of your strengths and compensate for your weaknesses.

When it comes to performing well in class or on tests,

you can think of three foundational domains:

critical thinking, test-taking skills, and memorization.

If I'm being honest, I think my critical thinking and test-taking are very well developed,

but my natural memorization abilities are nothing special.

For that reason, I relied on several advanced memorization techniques to compensate that allowed me

to still rank number one in college and medical school in several classes.

Effective learning is comprised of two main elements -

It's best to first comprehend and deeply understand the information before trying to encode it to long term memory.

results in a weaker long term grasp of the information.

That being said, don't believe the false claims that by simply understanding information deeply,

you'll never have to memorize a fact again.

No matter how deeply you understand wound healing in the context of plastic surgery,

you still have to memorize that peak tensile strength across a wound

occurs at days 42-60 with a magnitude of 80% of the original strength.

And yes, you will be pimped on that in the operating room, multiple times.

Again, the first step is to comprehend and deeply understand the information

before attempting to commit the information to memory.

How should you go about this most effectively?

The first layer is how you interface with the information for the first time.

If you enjoy learning from your professor and you feel they do an effective job teaching,

then prioritize attending lecture and being as engaged as possible.

If you don't click with your professor or feel that you learn better from a textbook,

online videos, or other resources, consider skipping lecture and prioritize those higher yield resources instead.

The second layer addresses confusion that remains after first exposure to the information.

First, consider office hours with your professor or TA.

Bring an organized list of questions you want to ask them.

Second, study with a small group of friends - I recommend only one or two other people,

This is a perfect opportunity to practice the Feynman technique,

which I've shown you how to implement most effectively in a previous video.

Lastly, consider visiting other resources, such as test prep review books,

or a dedicated and high-quality tutor like the stellar ones available at MedSchoolInsiders.com.

The third layer involves applying the information.

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學習技巧--好的、壞的和沒用的 (Study Techniques - The Good, Bad, & Useless)

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