Sadness usually lasts a few days. Or it is a sporadic emotion.

難過的情緒通常只持續幾天，或是偶發性的。

That's a wide discrepancy.

兩者聽起來差很多。

You'll be sad a few days after you break up with a boyfriend, and then you'll be sad every time you see his picture for the next few months.

舉例來說，若妳和男朋友分手，妳會難過好幾天，然後接下來的幾個月，妳每次看到他的照片都會難過。

I'll be devastated for a weekend, but I'll be angry every time I'm reminded of him for the rest of my life.

我會難過一個週末，但在我的餘生，每當我想起他時，我就會很生氣。

You may be sad when you see pictures from the Jewish Holocaust or the Fukushima disaster.

妳可能會因為看到猶太人大屠殺或日本福島核災的照片而難過。

That's intermittent, but you'll feel it every time you're reminded of those tragedies.

那個情緒是間歇性的，你只有想起那些悲劇的時候才會感覺難過。

When it's a depression?

那憂鬱症又是什麼？

Depression is an emotion you feel all the time when you have it.

反觀憂鬱症，則是指你隨時都會感覺沮喪。

It's not just sadness, but a down mood that sucks all the life out of you.

憂鬱症的情緒低落期間比難過更長，一旦這種低落的情緒長期持續且沒有改善，最終會吞噬你的整個生活。

That's why depressed people have a high rate of suicide.

這也是為什麼有憂鬱傾向的人，自殺率極高。

Depression tends to suck all the emotion out of someone, making it impossible to feel joy for even other people or any positive emotion.

憂鬱症患者的癥狀是，他們的所有情緒被掏空，他們無法發自內心為其他人感到喜悅，或是不具有任何正面情緒。

I heard that depression is anger without enthusiasm.

有人形容，憂鬱症是失去熱情的憤怒。

Some people choose to live in frustrating situations and be depressed instead of doing anything about it, and in those cases, it is their fault.

有些人選擇生活在絕望的環境裡，並對其感到憂鬱卻不積極作為，這種案例就是個人的問題。

But there are people with depression based on brain chemistry.

但也有些人患上憂鬱症是因為腦內化學作用所致，由不得他們選擇。

Attack of the killer brain.

憂鬱症是大腦疾病。

A depressed person might be manic in activity to distract themselves or unable to get out of bed.

憂鬱症患者會利用狂躁的舉動來分散自己的注意力，或出現「起床困難症」。

Or they do everything slowly and methodically but without any passion.

又或者他們做每件事情緩慢有條理卻絲毫沒有熱情。

Isn't that bipolar?

那不就是躁鬱症嗎？

Bipolar means someone's emotional regulator is broke.

躁鬱症指的是一個人情緒調節器損壞。

It alternates between highs and lows, like manic and depressed.

情緒會在高低起伏之間轉換，就像一下子狂躁或一下子陷入低潮。

That's pretty wild.

那真的蠻瘋狂的。

When is sadness or depression?

那怎麼分辨難過或是憂鬱症？

Sadness seems like it never ends.

難過的低落情緒就像無底洞一樣，深不見底。

It's depression if it hasn't ended in months and you don't have a solid cause like losing your husband or suffering through a horrible, disfiguring accident.

如果你低落的情緒持續好幾個月都沒有結束，且你沒有具體原因，像是失去丈夫或是遭遇極為可怕的意外，那可能就是憂鬱症。

What's the cure?

那要如何治療？

Talk therapy for some to improve their lives or their outlooks.

心理治療可以改善某些人的生活情況及處事觀點。

Drugs are an option for severe cases, as is electroshock treatment.

也可以使用藥物治療或電擊療法來解決嚴重案例。

It's shocking that's even in use anymore.

現在還有電擊療法？真令人感到震驚！

At least lobotomies haven't come back in vogue.

你該慶幸的是，至少腦白質切斷術沒有再度成為流行。