Are you a compulsive liar?

你有說謊強迫症嗎？

Would you do just about anything to get what you want?

為了達到目的，你會不擇手段嗎？

If you answered "yes" to all of these questions, you might want to consult a professional who can determine if you are a sociopath or a psychopath.

如果你對所有這些問題的回答都是 "是"，那麼你可能需要諮詢專業人士，由他們來判斷你是反社會者還是精神病患者。

Both sociopaths and psychopaths share 3 common traits suggested by the questions above: conceitedness, deceitfulness, and manipulation largely unchecked by moral conscience.

從上述問題中可以看出，反社會者和心理變態者都有三個共同的特徵：自負、欺騙和操縱，在很大程度上不受道德良知的約束。

Some experts think that sociopathy and psychopathy are the same, and group them together under the diagnostic term antisocial personality disorder or APD, while others argue that there are significant differences between the two mental disorders.

一些專家認為反社會病和變態心理是相同的，並將它們歸為反社會人格障礙或 APD 的診斷術語，而另一些專家則認為這兩種精神障礙之間存在顯著差異。

We'll examine some of these differences in this episode of The Infographics Show "Sociopath vs. Psychopath".

在本集資訊圖表秀 "反社會者與精神病患者 "中，我們將探討其中的一些區別。

The outward behavior that sociopaths and psychopaths display can be as different as night and day.

反社會者和精神變態者表現出來的外在行為就像白天和黑夜一樣不同。

Sociopaths are more impulsive and irresponsible than psychopaths.

反社會者比心理變態者更衝動、更不負責任。

As psychologist Scott Bonn notes, sociopaths tend to "live on the fringes of society" .

心理學家斯科特-波昂指出，反社會者往往 "生活在社會的邊緣"。

They often can't hold down a job for long and can't settle down in one place.

他們往往無法長期從事一份工作，也無法在一個地方安頓下來。

They may travel extensively, but they are not sightseers.

他們可能走南闖北，但不是觀光客。

If they can't find legitimate work to pay for whatever they need, they may do shady things like lie, cheat, and steal from people along the way.

如果他們找不到合法的工作來支付他們所需要的一切，他們可能會做一些不光彩的事情，比如撒謊、欺騙和偷竊。

Renowned con-man Charles Ponzi lived in this manner.

知名金光黨查爾斯-龐茲就是以這種方式生活的。

Ponzi immigrated from Italy to America in 1903.

1903 年，龐茲從意大利移民到美國。

He supposedly said, "I landed in this country with $2.50 in cash and $1 million in hopes, and those hopes never left me."

據說他說："我帶著 2.5 美元的現金和 100 萬美元的希望來到這個國家，這些希望從未離開過我"。

According to the New England Historical Society, $2.50 was all that he had left after having gambled and drunk away most of the $200 he had with him on board the ship taking him to America.

據新英格蘭歷史學會稱，他在前往美國的船上賭博並喝光了隨身攜帶的 200 美元后，只剩下 2.50 美元。

After arriving in Boston, he spent several years working odd jobs in the Northeast.

來到波士頓後，他在東北部打了幾年零工。

Described by one article as an alleged sociopath, he led a life of lies that was all about tricking rich people into investing in sham corporations.

有一篇文章將他描述為一個所謂的反社會者，他的一生都在謊言中度過，騙取有錢人對虛假公司的投資。

His International Reply Coupon scheme was one where he used money from investors to pay other investors, a form of fraud that became known as the Ponzi scheme.

他的 "國際回執券 "計劃是用投資者的錢來支付其他投資者，這種欺詐形式後來被稱為龐氏騙局。

According to biography.com, Ponzi spent 14 years in prison for his crime.

根據傳記網站（biography.com）的報道，龐茲因犯罪在監獄中度過了 14 年。

He was deported to Italy after being released from prison and ended up dying in Rio de Janeiro in 1949.

他出獄後被驅逐到意大利，1949 年死在里約熱內盧。

In contrast, psychopaths have more self-control and are more calculating than sociopaths.

相比之下，精神變態者比反社會者更有自制力，也更會算計。

They blend into society more effectively than sociopaths because, as Bonn points out, they are often well educated and hold steady jobs.

與反社會者相比，他們能更有效地融入社會，因為正如波昂所指出的，他們通常受過良好教育，擁有穩定的工作。

Not all psychopaths are violent or a threat to society, and some manage to channel their need to control others into gainful employment.

並不是所有的精神變態者都有暴力傾向或對社會構成威脅，有些人還能將控制他人的需求轉化為有報酬的工作。

They gravitate toward positions of authority and jobs requiring objective analysis and decision-making.

他們傾向於權威職位和需要客觀分析和決策的工作。

According to a TIME article, some professions with the most psychopaths include CEOs, lawyers, surgeons, and police officers.

根據《時代》週刊的一篇文章，心理變態者最多的職業包括首席執行官、律師、外科醫生和警察。

Oddly enough, chefs and salespeople also made the list.

奇怪的是，廚師和銷售人員也榜上有名。

Sociopaths have a slight edge over psychopaths when it comes to establishing meaningful relationships.

在建立有意義的人際關係方面，反社會者比心理變態者略勝一籌。

According to Bonn, it is difficult but not impossible for sociopaths to form attachments with others.

波昂認為，反社會者很難但並非不可能與他人形成依戀關係。

They are capable of empathy in certain limited circumstances but not in others and with a few individuals but not others.

他們能在某些有限的情況下產生共鳴，但在其他情況下卻不能；能對少數人產生共鳴，但卻不能對其他人產生共鳴。

Gary Ridgway is a good example of the sociopath's limited ability to feel empathy and form emotional attachments.

加里-裡奇韋（Gary Ridgway）就是一個很好的例子，說明反社會者的同理心和形成情感依戀的能力有限。

Between 1982 and 2001, he murdered at least 49 women in Washington state, according to biography.com.

據傳記網站（biography.com）報道，1982 年至 2001 年間，他在華盛頓州謀殺了至少 49 名婦女。

One article reports that his victims were prostitutes and young runaways.

有一篇報道稱，他的受害者是妓女和離家出走的年輕人。

After killing them, Ridgway often returned to his dumping grounds to have sex with his victims' corpses.

殺完人後，裡奇韋經常回到他的棄屍地，與受害者的屍體發生性關係。

He also dumped some of their bodies in the Green River, which earned him the name the Green River Killer.

他還把一些人的屍體扔進了綠河，是以被稱為綠河殺手。

While Ridgway committed 4 of these horrible crimes, he was married to his third wife, Judith Ridgway.

就在雷奇韋犯下上述 4 項滔天罪行的同時，他與第三任妻子朱迪斯-雷奇韋結了婚。

Although he targeted prostitutes because of his hate for them, he loved his wife and had a good relationship with her.

雖然他因憎恨妓女而將目標對準妓女，但他愛他的妻子，與她關係融洽。

In an interview 6 years after her husband went to prison, Judith Ridgway still had trouble believing that her husband was a serial killer.

在丈夫入獄 6 年後的一次採訪中，朱迪斯-裡奇韋仍然難以相信丈夫是連環殺手。

She described their life together as loving and content.

她形容他們在一起的生活充滿愛和滿足感。

She said, "He made me feel like a newlywed every day".

她說："他讓我每天都有新婚的感覺"。

However, she had to face the truth about what her husband had done after she and the police discovered evidence linking him to some of the murdered prostitutes.

然而，在她和警方發現丈夫與一些被害妓女有關的證據後，她不得不面對丈夫所作所為的真相。

She divorced Gary Ridgway after 16 years of marriage and has no contact with him today.

結婚 16 年後，她與加里-裡奇韋離婚，至今沒有任何聯繫。

She told the interviewer, "I loved the man I knew, and I hate the man who took him away" .

她對採訪者說："我愛我認識的那個人，我恨奪走他的那個人"。

In contrast, psychopaths are "unable to form emotional attachments or feel real empathy with others," according to Bonn.

與此相反，精神變態者 "無法與他人形成情感依戀或產生真正的共鳴"。

Emotions are foreign to them.

情感對他們來說是陌生的。

They know they should be feeling something, but they don't feel anything.

他們知道自己應該有所感覺，但卻毫無感覺。

In his 1941 book called "The Mask of Sanity," a psychiatrist named Hervey Cleckley provided some insight into the mind of a psychopath when he wrote that "Beauty and ugliness — except in a very superficial sense — goodness, evil, love, horror, and humor have no actual meaning, no power to move him."

一位名叫赫維-克萊克利的精神病學家在 1941 年出版的《理智的面具》一書中，對精神病患者的心理提出了一些見解，他寫道："美和醜--除了非常膚淺的意義之外--善、惡、愛、恐怖和幽默都沒有實際意義，沒有打動他的力量。

This makes psychopaths capable of hurting others without any guilt or remorse.

這使得心理變態者能夠毫無愧疚和悔恨地傷害他人。

Bonn states that psychopathy is the "most dangerous of all antisocial behaviors" because psychopaths can "dissociate emotionally from their actions, regardless of how terrible those actions may be."

波昂指出，心理變態是 "所有反社會行為中最危險的一種"，因為心理變態者可以 "從情感上與他們的行為分離開來，不管這些行為有多麼可怕"。

Psychopaths try to compensate for this impairment by being what a WebMD article calls "skilled actors."

精神變態者試圖通過成為 WebMD 文章中所說的 "熟練演員 "來彌補這種缺陷。

They are charming and persuasive, and they're capable of faking emotions they can't feel.

他們有魅力、有說服力，還能偽裝出自己感覺不到的情緒。

Notorious cult leader Jim Jones revealed his psychopathic mission to play whatever role was necessary to win trust and manipulate others when he said, "What you need to believe in is what you see."

臭名昭著的邪教領袖吉姆-瓊斯（Jim Jones）曾說過："你需要相信的是你所看到的。"這句話揭示了他的變態使命，即扮演任何必要的角色來贏得信任和操縱他人。

"If you see me as your friend, I'll be your friend."

"如果你把我當成你的朋友 我就是你的朋友"

"If you see me as your father, I'll be your father, for those of you that don't have a father."

"如果你們把我當成你們的父親 我就是你們的父親 對於那些沒有父親的人來說"

"If you see me as your savior, I'll be your savior."

"如果你把我當成你的救世主 我就是你的救世主"

"If you see me as your God, I'll be your God."

"如果你們視我為神，我就是你們的神"

A skilled orator, Jones combined idealistic rhetoric and overt and subtle coercion to condition his followers to commit suicide by drinking a Kool-Aid type drink laced with cyanide and Valium upon his command according to biography.com.

據傳記網站（biography.com）報道，瓊斯是一名熟練的演說家，他將理想主義的言辭與公開和隱蔽的脅迫相結合，讓追隨者在他的命令下喝下摻有氰化物和安定的酷愛型飲料自殺。

Another way psychopaths attempt to relate to others is to create a veneer of social respectability to hide their dark side and any sinister behavior resulting from it.

心理變態者試圖與他人建立聯繫的另一種方式是，為自己披上一層受社會尊重的外衣，以掩蓋自己的陰暗面和由此產生的險惡行為。

This is an especially common strategy of psychopathic serial killers like John Wayne Gacy.

這是約翰-韋恩-蓋西等變態連環殺手特別常用的策略。

A summary of his court case noted his double life.

他的法庭案件摘要指出了他的雙重生活。

“Evidence showed that the defendant led a double life, engaging in charitable and political activities at the same time he was committing a series of sadistic torture murders.

"證據顯示，被告過著雙重生活，在從事慈善和政治活動的同時，他還實施了一系列殘忍的酷刑謀殺。

He enticed many young men to his home for homosexual liaisons, tying or handcuffing his partners then strangling or choking them.

他引誘許多年輕人到他家進行同性性關係，將他的伴侶綁起來或戴上手銬，然後勒死或掐死他們。

Gacy was a successful contractor, was active in the community, and often dressed up as a clown for parties."

蓋西是一名成功的承包商，積極參與社區活動，經常裝扮成小丑參加聚會"。

Bonn states that different factors cause people to become sociopaths and psychopaths.

波昂指出，導致人們成為反社會者和變態者的因素各不相同。

Some researchers think that sociopathy arises from childhood abuse and trauma.

一些研究人員認為，反社會病症源於童年時期的虐待和創傷。

It is a "learned" behavior arising from circumstance.

這是一種因環境而 "習得 "的行為。

This is why sociopaths still maintain some moral conscience, some empathy, and some ability to form emotional attachments, although they're all weak.

這就是為什麼反社會者仍然保持著一些道德良知、一些同理心和一些形成情感依戀的能力，儘管它們都很弱。

However, research suggests that psychopathy has a largely genetic component to it.

然而，研究表明，精神變態在很大程度上與遺傳因素有關。

Bonn notes that psychopathy "is related to a physiological defect that results in the underdevelopment of the part of the brain responsible for impulse control and emotions."

波昂指出，精神變態 "與生理缺陷有關，這種缺陷導致大腦中負責控制衝動和情緒的部分發育不全"。

Another report states that "brain scans of people with APD have shown low activity in areas related to empathy, morality, and self-control."

另一份報告指出，"對 APD 患者的大腦掃描顯示，與移情、道德和自我控制有關的區域活動較少"。

According to Psychologia, sociopaths make up 4% of the general population, while psychopaths make up about 1%.

據《心理學》雜誌稱，反社會者佔總人口的 4%，而精神變態者約佔 1%。

However, these percentages are equivalent to millions of people, so it is quite possible that you might meet a sociopath or psychopath one day.

然而，這些百分比相當於數百萬人，所以很有可能有一天你會遇到一個反社會者或精神病患者。

Have you ever met a sociopath or psychopath?

你見過反社會者或精神病患者嗎？

What was this person like?

這個人是什麼樣的人？

Let us know in the comments!

請在評論中告訴我們！

Also, be sure to check out our other video called "Signs That You Are A Genius!"

此外，請務必查看我們的另一個視頻，名為 "你是天才的標誌！"

Thanks for watching, and, as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

感謝您的收看，別忘了點贊、分享和訂閱。

See you next time!

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