Even saying the word "Israel" will ignite an onslaught of tense debates between multiple people groups.

即使只說“以色列”這個詞也會引發多人群體之間激烈的爭論。

No matter what I say in this video, somebody will get mad on either side of

無論我在本影片中說什麼，都會有人不高興

the argument when it comes to Israel's current place held in today's world.

談到以色列在當今世界所處的地位。

I am not Israeli, I am not Arab, and I am definitely not claiming to be

我不是以色列人，我不是阿拉伯人，我絕對不是

your go-to authority when it comes to Israel and Palestine issues. All I can say is,

你談到以色列和巴勒斯坦問題時的權威。我只能說，

I have contacted many of you guys, the Israeli and Palestinian subscribers, for help with this video.

我已經聯繫了你們中的許多人，以色列和巴勒斯坦的用戶，為這部影片提供幫助。

I've conglomerated all the information I could based off of what you said and added it with my research.

我已經根據你所說的將所有可能的信息結合在一起，並將其添加到我的研究中。

I will try, try, TRY to make this video as plain and objective as I possibly can based off of the data,

我會盡量嘗試，試著使用數據來讓這部影片盡可能的清楚和客觀，

but it's not easy and it won't be perfect but I will try, so without further ado...let's begin.

但這並不容易，它不會很完美，但我會盡力而為，所以我們開始吧。

[theme song jingle]

現在是時候學習地理！

It's time to learn Geography NOW!

現在，對於今天的大多數人來說，美國和中國可能是地緣政治影響的巨人

Now, to most people today, the USA and China might be the giants of geopolitical impact, however

事實上，超過一半的世界正在註視著跨越三大洲的這片小片土地

literally over half the world is keeping their eyes on this one small sliver of land straddling three continents

小於薩爾瓦多的土地。為什麼這一片土地有如此強大的勢力控制著數十億人呢？

smaller than the size of El Salvador. Why is it that this one piece of land has such a powerful hold

它是如何成為世界觀緊張局勢的中心？

on billions of people? How did it become the epicenter of world view tension?

答案非常複雜，我絕不可能這一集中回答所有文提，

The answer is incredibly complex and in no way could I possibly answer everything in this episode,

但我所能做的就是盡可能地傳遞訊息，以提供一個富有洞察力的平台。

but what I can do is try to relay as much information as I can to give a platform for insight.

各位，在這部影片中，真的很難做到，有趣又滑稽。

Man, it is going to be really hard to be, like, funny and quirky in this video.

但至少第一部分會是輕ㄙㄨ-

At least the first part is gonna be kind of eas-

並沒有。

actually no it won't.

而我們的第一道爭議！真厲害！

Aaaaand our first course of controversy! Woo-hoo!

我已經可以聽到鍵盤狂人在Caps Lock中輸入段落了！

I can already hear the keyboard warriors typing up paragraphs in Caps Lock!

我可以做的不多，所以讓我們完成它吧？

Not much I can do, so let's just ride this pony into the sunset, shall we?

今天，以色列國位於中東，被埃及，約旦，敘利亞和黎巴嫩包圍，

Today, the state of Israel is located in the Middle East, surrounded by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon,

與地中海西部和一個非常狹窄的海岸

with the Mediterranean Sea to the west and a very narrow coast

沿著連接紅海的南部亞喀巴灣。

along the Gulf of Aqaba in the south, which connects to the Red Sea.

該國分為六個行政區，即“mehozot”，

The country is divided into six administrative districts, or “mehozot”,

以及中心附近的耶路撒冷首都，但並非完全被國際所公認。

as well as the claimed but not completely internationally recognized capital of Jerusalem near the center.

而這就是你們都在等待的東西 - 巴勒斯坦的東西。

Aaaaand here's what you're all waiting for – the Palestine stuff.

這兩個地區在這裡被稱為西岸（以色列人稱他們為猶太和撒馬利亞）

These two areas right here are known as the West Bank (Israelis call them Judea and Samaria)

和加薩地帶。據以色列人稱，這些是有爭議的領土，根據聯合國的說法，

and the Gaza Strip. These are, according to Israelis, disputed territories, and according to the UN,

以色列佔領的領土不被認為是以色列的一部分，但構成了較大的實體

Israeli-occupied territories that are not recognized as part of Israel but make up the larger entity

俗稱巴勒斯坦（或至少是巴勒斯坦國）。這兩個實體的一部分是

commonly known as Palestine (or at least the Palestinian State). Parts of these two entities are

目前由不同的巴勒斯坦當局統治 - 哈馬斯統治下的法塔赫和加沙下的西岸。

currently ruled by different Palestinian authorities – the West Bank under Fatah and Gaza under Hamas.

此外，儘管拉馬拉像西岸巴勒斯坦權力機構區域的首都一樣，

In addition, even though Ramallah acts as kind of like a capital to the West Bank Palestinian authority area,

耶路撒冷市被認為是兩個實體的合法首都。

the city of Jerusalem is kind of seen as the rightful capital of both entities.

然而，這是一個令人困惑的半壁壘和檢查站

However, it's one big confusing mess of semi and fully barricaded neighborhoods with walls and checkpoints

一直延伸到西岸，如果你甚至試圖解釋它，它會讓你頭暈目眩

that extend all the way to the West Bank that would make your head spin if you even attempted to explain it

但我會嘗試！基本上，這裡就是所謂的停戰（或綠線）

But I'll try! Basically, this right here known as the Armistice (or the Green Line)

在現代以色列開始後不久建立。現在，這是事情 -

was established shortly after the start of modern-day Israel. Now here's the thing –

雖然看起來像一個簡潔的分部，但綠線技術上並不是一個完整的國家邊界部門，

although it looks like a concise division, the Green Line technically isn't a full nation-state border division,

因為它是作為停火線建立的。

as it was set up as a ceasefire line.

Aaaaand這是法律語義變得非常混亂的地方。

Aaaaand this is where legal semantics get really messy.

自獨立以來，以色列發生了很多衝突，但基本上是在六天戰爭之後

Israel has had a lot of conflicts since independence, but basically after the Six-Day War

幾乎所有圍繞著他們的人都遭到襲擊，以色列實際上贏得併接手了很多

in which pretty much everyone surrounding them attacked, Israel actually won and took over pretty much

整個國家，再加上西奈半島和戈蘭高地哪個有

the entire state, plus the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights which has the

管理與敘利亞邊界的聯合國脫離接觸觀察員部隊。

UN Disengagement Observer Force zone that manages the border with Syria.

而每個人都在永久決定如何處理新獲得的土地

While everyone was taking forever to decide what to do with the newly-acquired land

（他們是否應該為了和平而放棄它，還是應該劃分它？）

(should they give it back for peace or should they partition it?)

無論如何，自從他們認為停戰線是以色列人以來，以色列人有點不知所措

Israelis just kinda moved in to the West Bank anyway since they figured the Armistice Line was

不再處於停火狀態。最終他們將整個西奈半島送回埃及尋求和平，

no longer under ceasefire status. Eventually they gave back the entire Sinai Peninsula to Egypt for peace,

但當他們在西岸發表講話時，已有超過10萬名以色列人居住在那裡。

but then by the time they addressed the West Bank there were already over 100,000 Israelis living there.

這就是事情變得非常混亂的地方。

And that's kinda where things got really messy.

所有定居點在西岸設立後，

After all the settlements were set up in the West Bank,

它把地圖切成了有袋的巴勒斯坦鄰近島嶼。

it kind of chopped up the map into pockety Palestinian neighborhood islands.

這些地區分為三種不同類型的部門

These areas are divided into three separate types of divisions

根據奧斯陸協議在90年代建立的：A，B和C區。

established by the Oslo Accords in the 90's: Areas A, B, and C.

A類型約佔西岸的18％，但人口最多，

Type A makes up about 18% of the West Bank but with the largest populations,

被歸類為巴勒斯坦權力機構的全部控制之下。

classified as being under the full control of the Palestinian Authority.

B型土地約佔22％，由巴勒斯坦民政當局管理，但受以色列安全控制。

Type B, about 22% of the land, is under Palestinian civil authority but under Israeli security control.

最後，佔約60％土地的C區是西岸最無人居住的地區

Finally, Area C, which makes up about 60% of the land, is the mostly-uninhabited area of the West Bank

這幾乎是在以色列的控制之下，巴勒斯坦人必須獲得在那裡建造的許可證

which is pretty much under Israeli control and Palestinians must obtain a permit to build there

（雖然獲得許可證非常困難）。這是大多數以色列定居點所在的地方

(although getting a permit is pretty difficult). This is where most of the Israeli settlements are and

約有5％的以色列人口居住，約有50萬以色列公民。

about 5% of Israel's population lives, with about half a million Israeli citizens.

但最大的問題，最後 - 耶路撒冷。為什麼耶路撒冷如此重要？

But the biggest issue, finally – Jerusalem. Why is Jerusalem so important?

首先，在六天戰爭之後，耶路撒冷完全被吞併，儘管它之前已經分裂

First of all, Jerusalem was completely annexed after the Six-Day War even though it was split previously

由綠線。他們試圖建立一個結構非常仔細，宗教敏感的格式

by the Green Line. They tried to establish a very carefully structured, religiously sensitive format that

允許三大宗教各自搶劫耶路撒冷，給1967年以前的阿拉伯居民

allowed the three major religions to each grab at Jerusalem, giving pre-1967 Arab residents in

東耶路撒冷及其後代的永久居留身份和申請公民身份的能力。

East Jerusalem and their descendants permanent residency status and the ability to apply for citizenship.

但是，至今，這一舉措仍然沒有得到很好的回應

However, to this day, the move is still not well-received

而且大多數聯合國成員國並不完全承認併購的大部分

and the majority of UN member states do not exactly recognize the annexation as most of them

相信耶路撒冷應該處於國際地位。

believe that Jerusalem should be under international status.

就每個人對耶路撒冷如此巨大的爭論而言，

And in terms of why everyone makes such a huge fuss over Jerusalem,

好吧，以最短的方式我可以回答這個問題，它包含了

well, in the shortest way I can answer this, it contains

這是猶太人最神聖的地方，也是伊斯蘭教第三大聖殿聖殿山。

the holiest site to Jews and the third-holiest in Islam, the Temple Mount.

什麼是聖殿山？那麼，根據我們從古代有記錄的歷史中所知道的

What is the Temple Mount? Well, according to what we know from ancient recorded history

從內部和外部來源，這個地方是聲稱的網站

from both internal and external sources, this place was the claimed site of

數千年前的第一個和第二個猶太人廟宇，直到它被毀滅

the First and Second Jewish Temples thousands of years ago until it was destroyed by

巴比倫人首先被重建，然後再被羅馬人摧毀。

the Babylonians first and then rebuilt only to be again destroyed by the Romans.

然後它變成了木星神廟的廟宇，直到公元7世紀的倭馬亞人來到

Then it was made into a temple for the god Jupiter until the Umayyads came in the 7th Century AD

並建立了圓頂巨石（這是一個神殿，而不是清真寺），

and built the Dome of the Rock (which is a shrine, not a mosque),

鍊子的圓頂（這是一個祈禱的房子，而不是神殿），

the Dome of the Chains (which is a prayer house, not a shrine),

和阿克薩清真寺（這是......清真寺）。

and the Al-Aqsa Mosque (which is…a…mosque).

對猶太社區而言，夢想有一天會重建猶太人的聖殿

To the Jewish community, the dream is to one day rebuild the Jewish temple

第三次在聖殿山，但是，是的，除非有絕對瘋狂的事情

a third time on the Temple Mount, but, yeah, unless something absolutely insane and

全球空前發生，穆斯林可能永遠不會讓這種事情發生。

globally unprecedented happens, the Muslims will probably never let that happen.

然後你進入聖經和預言 - 這是非常複雜的。

And then you get into the Bible and the prophecies – it's very complicated.

UGH，這一集非常複雜！我得到了什麼？

UGH, this episode is so complex! What have I gotten myself into?

好吧，以便涵蓋我認為的大部分行政混亂。但說實話，

OK, so that kinda covers most of the administrative confusion I think. But honestly,

你必須明白的一件事情是，在耶路撒冷以外，這個國家其實很寒冷。

one thing you have to understand is that outside of Jerusalem, the country is actually pretty chill.

這很奇怪，但以色列是一個人人都可以成為朋友的地方，如果你不談論這件事。

It's weird, but Israel is a place where everyone can be friends if you just don't talk about that one thing.

否則，耶路撒冷以外最大的城市是海法和特拉維夫海岸。

Otherwise, the largest cities outside of Jerusalem are Haifa and Tel-Aviv on the coast.

最繁忙的機場是特拉維夫（本·古里安）國際，

And the busiest airports are Tel-Aviv (Ben Gurion) International,

Eliat-Ramon和Haifa Michaeli International。

Eliat-Ramon, and Haifa Michaeli International.

作為三個亞伯拉罕宗教的聖地，有太多的地方可以列出

As a holy site for the three Abrahamic religions there are too many places to list

在著名的網站和地標方面，但一些頂級的

in terms of notable sites and landmarks, but some of the top ones

在以色列和約旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦地區可能包括如下地點：

in both Israeli and West Bank Palestinian areas might include places like:

羅什Hanikra石窟，凱撒利亞的廢墟，

the Rosh Hanikra grottoes, the ruins of Caesaria,

馬薩達，聖喬治聖地，

Masada, the Shrine of St. George,

聖墓教堂，

the Church of the Holy Sepulcher,

書的靖國神社，阿迪斯猶太教堂，

the Shrine of the Book, Ades Synagogue,

Zedekiah's Cave，蜂蜜蜂巢屋，

Zedekiah's Cave, the Honey Bee Hive House,

先知塞繆爾之墓，

the Tomb of the Prophet Samuel,

伯利恆和加利利，耶穌出生和生活的地區，

Bethlehem and Galilee, the areas where Jesus was born and lived,

橄欖山，客西馬尼園，

the Mount of Olives, garden of Gethsemane,

耶利哥的廢墟和卡梅爾山。

the ruins of Jericho, and Mount Carmel.

當然，耶路撒冷幾乎所有的事情都是具有歷史意義的里程碑。

And of course pretty much everything in Jerusalem is a historically significant landmark.

哦，還有那種奇怪的磨碎，Akhzivland - 只是看看它，我沒有時間教你關於它。

Oh, and there's that weird micronation, Akhzivland – just look it up, I don't have time to teach you about it.

好吧，那是相當激烈的。幸運的是，這個細分市場將非常簡單 -

Alright, well that was pretty intense. Luckily, this next segment will be pretty easy –

談到污染和植物時，沒什麼可爭論的，對吧？

not much to argue about when it comes to dirt and plants, right?

前總理戈爾達梅爾曾開玩笑說，

Former Prime Minister Golda Meir once jokingly said,

首先，以色列位於被稱為勒旺特的中東地區，

First of all, Israel is located in the region of the Middle East known as the Levant,

或與地中海沿岸接壤的一片土地，因其獨特而聞名

or a strip of land bordering the coast of the Mediterranean known for having its unique

半乾旱茂密的地區，擁有各種動植物種類。

semiarid lush zones that harbors various types of flora and fauna.

該國分為四個主要自然地理區域：

The country is divided into four main physical geographic regions:

約有3/4的國家居住的沿海平原，

the Coastal Plains where about 3/4 of the country lives,

中部或猶太山丘大多位於北部和西岸的巴勒斯坦地區，

the central or Judean hills mostly located in the north and West Bank Palestinian regions,

然後是南部的內蓋夫沙漠，

then there's the Negev Desert in the south,

以及圍繞該國最長的河流的約旦裂谷，

and the Jordan Rift Valley which surrounds the longest river in the country,

這幾乎構成了以色列整個東部邊界的約旦。

the Jordan, that pretty much makes up Israel's entire eastern border.

最高的山位於有爭議的戈蘭高地地區，山。 Hermon的;

The tallest mountain is located in the disputed Golan Heights area, Mt. Hermon;

否則，在綠線內，山。梅龍在北區是最高的。

otherwise, within the Green Line, Mt. Meron in the Northern District would be the tallest.

有趣的是，整個約旦河幾乎都是位於其上的副產品

The interesting thing is that the entire Jordan River pretty much is a by-product of being located on

死海變換斷層系統，位於非洲和阿拉伯板塊相遇的地方。

the Dead Sea Transform Fault system, which lies right where the African and Arabian tectonic plates meet.

這意味著以色列有時會遭受地震，

This means that Israel sometimes is subject to earthquakes,

平均每八十年一次，可能具有破壞性。

potentially destructive ones, on average about every eighty years.

死海就在約旦河的盡頭，死海是地球上最低點

Right at the end of the Jordan River lies the Dead Sea, the lowest point on Earth

海拔低於430米。

at over 430 meters below sea level.

5月至9月期間降雨稀少，這意味著水可能稀缺。

Rainfall is rare between May and September, which means water can be scarce.

為了解決這個問題，以色列創建了一個獨特的滴灌系統

To combat this, Israel created a unique drip irrigation system in which

水直接進入植物根部，蒸發很少。

water directly goes to the roots of plants with little evaporation.

到目前為止，以色列的再生水利用率，人均太陽能，

To this day, Israel has the highest percentage of recycled water usage, solar power per capita,

和生態友好型公司的密度最高。哼！

and the highest density of ecofriendly companies. Hmm!

不過，它遇到了很多困難。他們不得不排泄沼澤，用柑橘樹代替它們，

It came with a lot of difficulties, though. They had to drain the swamps and replace them with citrus trees,

露台和噴灑土地，並改變灌溉渠流量，以破壞蚊子滋生模式 -

terrace and spray the land, and change the irrigation canal flows to disrupt mosquito breeding patterns –

二十年後，該國正式成為無瘧疾。

after twenty years, the country officially became malaria-free.

即使動物已經看到繁殖繁殖，例如

Even animals have seen a breeding resurgence, such as

努比亞野山羊，羚羊，綠蟾蜍，

the Nubian ibex, oryxes, green toads,

和全國動物的戴勝鳥。

and the national animal the hoopoe bird.

以色列人可能會說，這種農業創新大部分歸功於基布茲計劃。

Israelis might say that much of this agricultural innovation is attributed to the kibbutz program.

很難解釋一個“基布茲”究竟是什麼 -

It's hard to explain exactly what a “kibbutz” is –

這就像一個為了社會和經濟繁榮而將所有勞動力和資源集中在一起的計劃。

it's like a program that pulls all labor and resources together for sake of social and economic flourishing.

這有點像一個嬉皮公社，但沒有嬉皮士或鼓圈和水晶

It's kinda like a hippie commune, but without the hippies or drum circles and crystals

它具有政府資助的實際動機。

and it has like actual government-funded motivation.

其實，現在我想到了，它就像反嬉皮公社一樣。

Actually, now that I think about it, it's kinda like the anti-hippie commune.

無論如何！並非所有的猶太人都是猶太人，但那些避免任何與豬肉和肉類有關的東西

Anyway! Not all Jews are kosher, but the ones that are avoid anything with pork and

以色列人均純素比例最高，約為5％。

Israel actually has the highest percentage of vegans per capita at around 5%.

儘管如此，以色列的經濟更多地依賴於自由企業和創業

Nonetheless, Israel's economy is more heavily based on free enterprise and entrepreneurship

以及科學和醫療部門。至今，已有4000多家科技公司

as well as the science and medical sectors. To this day, over 4000 tech companies

全球500家最大的科技公司中有80家在以色列擁有子公司。

and over 80 of the 500 largest tech companies in the world have subsidiaries in Israel.

由於農業和工業就業空間有限，他們意識到，

With limited space for agriculture and industry jobs, they realized,

“哦，拍攝，我們必須像從理念中賺錢一樣。”

“Oh shoot, we kinda have to, like, make money off of ideas.”

但是，如何在不佔用太多空間的情況下增加收入？

But what's a great way to grow revenue without having to take up much space?

研究和編程！今天，以色列擁有最好的環境之一

Research and programming! Today, Israel has one of the best environments for

在90年代風險資本投資從20增加到500以上。

entrepreneurial capital in the world, since venture capital investments rose from 20 to over 500 in the 90's.

在矽谷之後，特拉維夫成為全球第二大技術中心

Tel Aviv ranks as the second-most important technological center in the world after Silicon Valley

在美國和中國之後，納斯達克上市公司排名第三。

and has the third-most companies listed on the NASDAQ after the US and China.

您的iPhone硬件，Google的創新技術，英特爾微芯片 -

Your iPhone hardware, Google's innovations, Intel microchips –

所有這些都與以色列的科技部門有一定的關聯。此外，

all these things have some correlation to Israel's tech sector. In addition,

按名義國內生產總值計，截至2016年，它們是全球第34大經濟體。

they are the 34th-largest economy in the world by nominal Gross Domestic Product as of 2016.

這意味著以色列在技術創新方面的舉措有爭議。

This means amidst the controversy Israel kind of moves forward in tech innovation.

這就把我們帶到了整個事件的高潮：

And that brings us to the climax of this entire episode:

誰是住在這裡的人，他們背後的故事是什麼？

who are the people living here and what is the story behind them?

*呼氣*我們走吧。

*exhales* Here we go.

現在，這是事情：

Now, here's the thing:

在很多方面，是的，在以色列上空盤旋的緊張氣氛永遠存在。

in many ways, yes, there is a perpetual lingering ambiance of tension that hovers above Israel.

然而，今天居住在這裡的人現在是第三，第四甚至第五代公民

However, the people living here today are now third-, fourth-, and even fifth-generation citizens

仍然可能在一定程度上背負著祖先的紛爭，

that still might carry the strife of their ancestors to some extent,

但是，就像我們在伊朗情節中研究的那樣，孩子們更感興趣

but, like we studied in the Iran episode, kids are more interested in

娛樂和金錢，而不是意識形態糾紛。

entertainment and money than they are with ideological disputes.

這就是說，以色列擁有約900萬人

That being said, Israel has about 9 million people

（如果你包括西岸的巴勒斯坦民眾，這個數字將增加到約1300萬）

(and if you include the West Bank Palestinian populace, the number swells up to about 13 million altogether)

而以色列是世界上唯一的猶太人國家，擁有全世界猶太人口的一半左右。

and Israel is the only Jewish-run state in the world with about half of the entire world's Jewish population.

在該國約有75％的人認為是族裔猶太人

Of the country, about 75% identify as ethnically Jewish, of which

大部分（約75％）是最初來自中東和北非的Mizrahi猶太人。

the majority (at about 75%) being Mizrahi Jews that originally came from the Middle East and North Africa.

那麼你有約17％的阿什卡納齊斯，

Then you have the Ashkanazis at about 17%,

而Sephardic和非洲以及亞洲的猶太人則是其餘的人。

whereas the Sephardic and African and Asian Jews round out the rest.

而非猶太人公民佔人口約四分之一，主要確定為阿拉伯人。

Whereas the non-Jewish citizens number at about a quarter of the population, identifying mostly as Arabs.