a bit more interactive, helping to develop skills that employers need for the future

更多的互動，幫助發展僱主未來所需的技能。

so developing things like critical thinking skills, employability skills, communication

是以，培養諸如批判性思維能力、就業能力、溝通能力等方面的能力。

skills, working with others because these are the all things that are needed by healthcare

技巧，與他人合作，因為這些都是醫療保健所需要的。

professionals of the future. We want to put a curriculum together that was based on sound

未來的專業人士。我們想把課程設置在一起，是基於健全的。

educational theory and something that would be sustainable for future generations of pharmacists

教育理論，以及對未來幾代藥師可持續發展的東西。

in practise. So we started this team based learning process

在實踐中。於是我們開始了這個基於團隊的學習過程

in September 2012 and it’s been fabulous, it’s just been phenomenal the success of

在2012年9月，它是神話般的，它只是一直驚人的成功的

it so far. We sense that our students are really enjoying it as well. We’ve got an

到目前為止，它。我們感覺到，我們的學生也非常喜歡它。我們已經得到了一個

awful lot of formal feedback mechanisms with our students and they’re telling us that

很多正式的反饋機制與我們的學生，他們告訴我們，。

it’s working really well but then there’s the sense that I get as I’m teaching in

它的工作真的很好，但有一種感覺，我得到的，因為我在教學的

a session the students are coming prepared, coming ready, they’re taking it seriously,

一節課學生都是有備而來，有備無患，他們很認真。

they’re engaged and when you are wandering around the room facilitating the session you

他們參與，當你在房間裡徘徊，促進會議，你

can just hear the level of the conversation it’s far deeper than anything we’ve experienced

可以聽到對話的水準 這比我們經歷過的任何事情都要深奧。

before in sessions. Coming from college I found team based learning

之前在培訓班。來自大學的我發現團隊學習

to be quiet new but quiet exciting at the same time it’s completely different to what

是安靜的新的，但同時安靜的令人興奮的，它是完全不同的，以什麼。

I was expecting and comparing it to a normal University when you’re attending lectures

我在期待和比較普通大學的時候，你是在聽講座的時候

it’s a great way of expressing yourself and monitoring your progress in terms of learning

這是一個很好的表達自己的方式，也是監督自己學習進度的好方法

and a great way of taking part in activities which you wouldn’t usually be able to so

也是參加平時無法參加的活動的好方法。

using technology such as clickers we’re able to constantly move forward in terms of

通過使用點擊器等技術，我們能夠在以下方面不斷進步

the way learning delivered as opposed to just attending lectures and having to absorb a

學習的方式，而不是僅僅聽課，必須吸收一個知識點。

lot of information in such a short time. What’s different about pharmacy at Bradford

在這麼短的時間內獲得了很多資訊。布拉德福德的藥房有什麼不一樣？

is that we want to take a learner centred approach to student learning so we’re going

是，我們要採取以學生為中心的方法來學習，所以我們將

to use a new learning teaching strategy called team based learning. Team based learning works

以使用一種新的學習教學策略，即團隊式學習。基於團隊的學習效果

by helping to develop critical thinking skills, it helps to develop independent learning skills,

通過幫助培養批判性思維能力，有助於培養自主學習能力。

and it motivates students to come to class. We want to make sure we’re developing students

並激勵學生來上課。我們要確保我們在培養學生的同時

that employers want of the future to make sure they have got those capabilities for

僱主對未來的需求，以確保他們具備這些能力，以滿足他們的需求。

employment in pharmacy in the 21st century. Team based learning is a more effective way

21世紀藥學專業的就業。團隊學習是一種更有效的方式

of learning we believe than traditional methods because there’s an incentive for students

我們認為比傳統的學習方法更有效，因為有一個激勵學生

to come to class, there’s incentive for students to prepare for class because when

來上課，學生有動力去準備上課，因為當

they come to class they have it checked that they have done the work in advance. It’s

他們來上課，他們有它檢查 他們已經提前完成的工作。這是

more about not just learning in class but when their actually in class they’ll learn

更多的是不只是在課堂上學習，但當他們真正在課堂上，他們將學習。

how to use that new knowledge so when they’re doing that team test which they do as a team

如何使用新的知識，所以當他們做團隊測試，他們做一個團隊

between 5 and 7 people they get immediate feedback whether they have got the answers

在5到7人之間，他們會立即得到反饋，是否得到了答案。

right or wrong. Actually what we are finding is the teams

對不對。其實我們發現的是團隊

themselves are providing a lot of that supportive learning so I can come in and help on those

他們自己也提供了很多支持性的學習，所以我可以來幫助這些。

either the topics that need a bit little time and effort or the students that need a little

要麼是需要一點時間和精力的題目，要麼是需要一點時間和精力的學生。

bit more support At first everyone was in the same position

更多的支持起初大家都是一樣的立場。

they we’re like “Hi who are you?” And “where you from?” and we all have different

他們我們就像 "嗨，你是誰？"和 "你從哪裡來？"，我們都有不同的。

hobbies so it’s really nice to meet people with different interests. At the moment we’re

興趣愛好，所以能認識不同興趣的人真的很好。目前，我們正在

helping each other we have one girl who’s really good at chemistry and I’m more into

互相幫助我們有一個女孩誰是真正的好化學和我更多的進入

the psychology side of it so we really help out each other in those circumstances. We

心理學方面，所以我們在這些情況下真的會互相幫助。我們

have some people who are really good at explaining how they got to an answer so they can explain

有一些人非常善於解釋他們是如何得到一個答案，所以他們可以解釋。

their rationale whereas I am more into “why is this like this?”

他們的理由，而我更喜歡 "為什麼會這樣"？

There’s always that aspect of competitiveness but it’s friendly competitiveness you always

總有那方面的競爭力，但你總是友好的競爭力。

want to be one step ahead of the next team but at the same time you want to be sure of

想要領先下一個團隊一步，但同時你又要確保

yourself you want to be confident that your answer is the right answer.

自己要有信心，你的答案是正確的。

We always try to make sure that our answer is right in the first place but our explanation

我們總是試圖在第一時間確保我們的答案是正確的，但我們的解釋是

is always strong. Rather than us giving a lecture and us not

是永遠的強者。與其說是我們講課，不如說是我們不

understanding or knowing whether that the students have actually t what we have said.

理解或知道學生是否真的有T我們所說的。

This method gets you to do a test first; we get can immediate feedback from them on whether

這個方法可以讓你先做一個測試，我們可以立即得到他們的反饋，是否是

they have understood on what we are saying. We assess the students and we can go through

他們已經理解了我們在說什麼。我們評估學生，我們可以通過

those results in real time. So if we can see there’s 30 per cent of

這些結果是實時的。所以，如果我們可以看到有30%的人在做。

the room are struggling on a concept I can really focus my teaching on that part so rather

我可以把教學重點放在這部分，是以，與其說我的教學是為了讓學生們在一個概念上掙扎，不如說是為了讓學生們在一個概念上掙扎。

than teaching on the bits we can do well we can spend time looking at the bits that the

比起在我們能做好的部分進行教學，我們可以花時間去研究那些我們能做好的部分。

majority are struggling on Students will benefit from this new type of

大多數人都在努力學習，學生將受益於這種新的類型。

teaching really by being able to work with each other, by developing those team working

在教學中真正做到互相配合，培養這些團隊合作的能力。

skills. With team based learning it’s more fun it’s more enjoyable it’s more active

技能。以團隊為基礎的學習，更有趣，更愉快，更活躍。

learning. It’s not just us sitting in a lecture theatre and absorbing information.

的學習。不僅僅是我們坐在演講廳裡吸收資訊。

It’s discussing it with peers, it’s learning from peers and solving problems that we give

是和同行討論，是向同行學習，解決我們給的問題。

them in a meaningful and authentic way that they’ll need for practise in the future.

他們以一種有意義的、真實的方式，讓他們在未來的實踐中需要。

When our students graduate and they are practising as pharmacists they will be working in teams

當我們的學生畢業後，他們將作為藥劑師執業，他們將在團隊中工作。

and they will need those problem solving skills, those critical analysis skills, those communication

他們需要那些解決問題的能力，那些批判性分析的能力，那些溝通的能力。

skills and we’re giving them the opportunity to practise that on a daily basis.

技能，我們給他們提供了每天練習的機會。

We believe that at team based learning we’ll make our students stand out in the crowd by

我們相信，在團隊學習中，我們會通過以下方式讓我們的學生在人群中脫穎而出。

developing these skills for employment it will help to meet employer needs it will help

培養這些就業技能將有助於滿足僱主的需求。

to develop communication skills, their collaboration skills, their teamwork skills. Employers believe

培養他們的溝通能力、協作能力和團隊合作能力。僱主們認為

that those are the skills that we need for our pharmacy graduates for the future to be

這些都是我們藥學專業畢業生所需要的技能，以便在未來成為一名合格的藥劑師。

able to work with each other and overall we believe it will help them to become lifelong

我們相信，這將有助於他們成為終身受益者。

learners.

學習者。