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  • - We live in a universe

    我們所居住的宇宙

  • where statistically disorder is king.

    混亂才是王道

  • As time moves forward, things fall apart.

    隨著時光流逝,萬物崩解

  • Stars burn out. Energy spreads out.

    星辰殞落,能量釋放

  • Entropy conquers all.

    混亂佔據了一切

  • But humans, life, fights that trend.

    但人類與生命體與之對抗

  • We build things.

    我們建造、組織

  • We organize things.

    我們挖掘資訊

  • We add information.

    為什麼我們喜歡摧毀東西?

  • So why is that we love destroying things?

    燃放煙火

  • [shouts]

    戰鬥與砸毀

  • Exploding fireworks.

    甚至是揉捏氣泡紙

  • Fights and crashes.

    可愛的事物讓我們想要

  • Even popping bubble wrap.

    捏捏他們,抱緊他們

  • Ugh!

    為什麼?

  • Tiny cute things can make us

    摧毀的力量很誘人

  • want to just squeeze 'em to death.

    即使只是像這樣拿著

  • Ugh!

    心裡想著一放手就會砸碎它

  • Why?

    一切由我控制

  • [electronic music]

    我可以自由發揮意志 造成戲劇性且不可逆的改變

  • ♪ ♪

    準備好了嗎?

  • The power to destroy is a delicious one.

    準備好了

  • Even just holding this here,

    漂亮

  • knowing I can drop it,

    為什麼這麼做感覺這麼好?

  • I am in control.

    或即使只是用看的

  • I can exert my will in a dramatic and irreversible way.

    對我而言,從丟下西瓜到這西瓜被砸碎,感覺很紓壓

  • Ready?

    破壞後我更感到平靜

  • Ready.

    像是我釋放了些能量

  • ♪ ♪

    或是憤怒

  • Ugh. [laughs]

    為什麼生氣時我們喜歡砸東西

  • Beautiful.

    建立於此的商業機會正在崛起

  • Why does that feel so good to do,

    舒壓用的暴怒房一一成立

  • or even just watch?

    在德州和多倫多

  • For me, throwing it to its death was almost relaxing,

    人們付錢來到這房間

  • like I feel calmer now after being destructive,

    藉由砸毀物品來消怒

  • like I've vented some pent-up energy.

    像是廚房、工作房等等

  • Or anger?

    宣洩理論認為這樣的破壞行為

  • Why do we like breakings things when we're angry?

    可以幫助紓壓與消氣

  • There's a growing trend of businesses

    但這真有效嗎?

  • anger rooms that are popping up in places

    有時有效,有時未必

  • like Texas and Toronto.

    這就是為什麼研究心智如此困難

  • People pay to visit these anger rooms

    學者們還在深入探討細節 以及相關變數

  • and let off steam by smashing mock-ups of workplaces,

    而我想要親眼見證第一手資料

  • kitchens, and more.

    當人們發怒而砸東西時是什麼樣子?

  • Catharsis Theory proposes that such acts of destruction

    他們的怒氣是否會因此平息?

  • reduce our anger.

    為了示範宣洩理論

  • But do they?

    我們佈置了自己的暴怒房

  • Sometimes, but sometimes they don't.

    觀察破壞東西是否能讓暴怒的人

  • This is what makes studying the mind so difficult.

    變得冷靜

  • Researchers are still looking into the specifics

    我們的受測者以為自己在參加

  • and the variables involved, and I want to see firsthand

    關於政治立場對立的研究

  • and in person what it's like when people get angry

    所以我們叫他們寫一篇短文

  • and then break things.

    關於兩極端立場主題

  • Will then be more or less violent afterwards?

    - 請進 - 柯莎娜?

  • To demonstrate Catharsis Theory,

    你好嗎? 我是麥可

  • we set up our own anger room

    你好,麥可

  • to see whether or not breaking things will help calm down

    很高興認識你

  • some angry people.

    我剛剛和你對立夥伴柯林特在一塊

  • Our subjects think they're participating

    他在另一個房間裡

  • in a study about opposing political views,

    我想把你的短文交給柯林特

  • so we've asked them to write an essay

    他會對此評論

  • on different polarizing topics.

    而你會評論他的

  • - Come in. - Kashona? Hi.

    - 好,謝謝 - 等會見

  • How are you? I'm Michael.

    他寫很多,我沒寫這麼多

  • - Hi, Michael.

    我們的每位受測者

  • - It's nice to meet you.

    都與這位名為柯林特的人配對

  • I was just with your co-participant Clint.

    他們會互評彼此的短文

  • He's in another room.

    警察的工作很艱難

  • I'm gonna give your essay to Clint,

    他們必須保護我們 不被其他有色人種傷害

  • and he's gonna critique it,

    問題是...

  • and you're going to critique his.

    開始吧

  • - Okay, thank you. - See you soon.

    事實上,我就是柯林特

  • - He wrote a lot. I didn't write that much.

    「誇張的」、「偽美國人」、放棄他」

  • Okay.

    我的任務,應該說柯林特的任務

  • - Each of our subjects

    就是激怒受試者

  • has been paired with a man named Clint,

    讓他們可以進一步在暴怒房受測

  • and they will be critiquing each other's essays.

    你該感到羞恥

  • - "Police officers have a very difficult job.

    你活該

  • They have to protect us mainly from people of color."

    真是個混帳

  • [laughs]

    眼不見為淨

  • - The thing is...

    這樣好多了

  • Okay, here we go.

    好了,柯莎娜,我回來了

  • I'm actually Clint.

    你是跟柯林特一組

  • "Overblown, un-American. Get over it."

    我們來看看他怎麼寫

  • My job-- or rather, Clint's job--

    很快地看即可

  • is to make our subjects mad

    剛才是這樣放的嗎?

  • so they can test our anger room.

    - 不是 - 是你把他轉過去的嗎?

  • "You should be ashamed."

    是我轉過去的

  • - "You deserve what's coming to you."

    他感覺很武斷

  • What a asshole.

    我不想繼續看他的臉

  • Ha. Changed it to black.

    他對你短文的回覆在這

  • That's better.

    我們不能命令別人去哪裡或去哪用餐

  • Oops.

    開什麼車

  • - Okay, Kashona. I'm back.

    這真讓我生氣

  • And you were with Clint. Okay.

    這個人的評斷

  • - Mm-hmm. - Let's go through what he wrote

    完全沒有根據事實

  • just quickly.

    他顯然認為

  • - He wrote-- - Did I put that that way?

    接受社會福利的人

  • - No, you didn't. - Did you turn it around?

    都很懶惰

  • - I did turn it around.

    這什麼跟什麼啊?

  • He seems like a bigot or somebody.

    太荒謬了

  • I didn't want to keep looking at his face.

    我發火了,我真的發火了

  • - He's responded to your essay there.

    令人作噁

  • - We can't tell people where to go to eat for lunch,

    我得到 F+?

  • what car to drive;

    我希望等下在走廊不要遇上他

  • like, that just really irritates me.

    他是個王八蛋

  • - This is a person that is making arguments

    這就是為什麼

  • that are not based in any fact.

    我們的國家現在這麼爛

  • - He's clearly someone who thinks

    因為他愚蠢

  • that the people who are on social programs

    我想這招還滿有效的

  • are lazy.

    我們這聚集了許多怒氣沖天的人

  • - I was like, "What the [bleep]?"

    而砸東西可以幫助他們平靜下來嗎?

  • - Getting fired up, mother-- ooh, I'm getting fired up.

    還是只是火上澆油

  • - It's disgusting.

    讓我們跟專家一起 深入了解宣洩理論

  • - I got an F-plus?

    當代對宣洩的觀點是 宣洩出來

  • Oh, I hope I don't see him in the hallway.

    就像釋放氣壓一樣

  • He's a dick,

    可以宣洩掉那能量

  • and that is why he is part of the reason

    以幫助我們重新開始處理 每天的壓力

  • why our country [bleep] sucks right now.

    憤怒而激進的人們

  • Because he's stupid.

    當他們宣洩後感受如何呢?

  • - Well, I think that was pretty effective.

    許多研究發現

  • We've got a lot of angry people on our hands,

    這只是短暫的舒壓

  • so will demolishing things calm them down

    而這感覺很好,抒放的感覺很棒

  • or will acts of destruction throw fuel on the fire?

    我們的大腦樂在其中

  • [dramatic music]

    因此這變成一種再次生氣的獎賞

  • Let's explore Catharsis Theory

    然後再次宣洩

  • with an expert.

    據我們所知,這治標不治本

  • - The modern view of catharsis

    我過去不了解原來這是這麼複雜

  • is that by acting out

    且仍在研究中

  • we release sort of like a pressure valve

    我以為這就是非黑即白

  • and that releases that energy

    就像...你做了這個,抒發了情緒

  • in order for us to sort of build up again

    然後就沒有了

  • and handle everyday distress.

    不全然是

  • - People who are angry and aggressive

    沒有一個行遍天下的

  • who then act that out, what would they feel afterwards?

    完美定義

  • - What many studies have found

    這就是運作的方式

  • is that it's a short-lived release,

    讓我們來看看宣洩對我們是否有效

  • and it feels good--it feels really good to release--

    柯林特已把大家激得夠怒了

  • but what happens in the brain is,

    就我而言,他就是個膿包

  • the brain enjoys that.

    是時候實際測試宣洩理論了

  • There's really a reward to build up that pressure again

    部分受測者可盡情對這些 美麗的物件發洩怒氣

  • and then release it again.

    你有絕對的自由和權利

  • It's a temporary fix, as far as we know.

    摧毀這房裡的一切

  • - I didn't realize it was so complicated

    什麼?

  • and still being researched.

    其他受測者被指示

  • I thought it was black and white.

    被動地坐在這房間中

  • It was--you do this, and you release the emotion

    我要你回想那篇短文

  • and it's gone.

    他的論點和評論

  • - Yeah, not as much.

    同時想想這房裡的東西

  • We don't have this perfect definition

    我會和柯林特碰面嗎?

  • of catharsis, where everybody agrees,

    不,你不會

  • here's how it works, here's how it ends up.

    這不在實驗範圍中

  • - Well, let's see if catharsis works for us.

    了解

  • ♪ ♪

    這些受測者在恣意摧毀後

  • Now that Clint has sufficiently angered all of our subjects...

    會感到比較不生氣嗎

  • - He's more like a [bleep] pussy, as far as I'm concerned.

    找到解答的方式只有一個

  • - It's time to put Catharsis Theory to the test.

    當生氣時,我們的腎上腺

  • ♪ ♪

    會分泌皮質醇和腎上腺素

  • Some subjects will be allowed

    讓身體和心智進入戰鬥模式

  • to actively take out their anger

    但宣洩理論假設

  • on all of these beautiful art objects.

    釋放能量可舒緩侵略性

  • You have completely free reign

    這些受試者是否會因摧毀的暴行

  • to break anything in this room.

    而感到比較不生氣?

  • - What? - Okay?

    我好了

  • Other subjects are instructed

    在進入最後一個階段之前

  • to sit in the room passively.

    或許我們可以從這個

  • I want you to reflect on

    以打架維生的人身上得到一些啟發

  • the essay, the arguments,

    他不是受測對象

  • the critiques,

    馬克史密斯,又名犀牛

  • and also on the objects in this room.

    是健身和拳擊冠軍

  • - Am I going to meet Clint or not?

    這位英國的神鬼戰士對於

  • - No, you are not. - Okay.

    如何摧毀敵人略知一二

  • - That's not part of this study.

    當你前往打架時

  • - Okay, got you.

    你知道你會受傷

  • - Wil these subjects feel less angry

    是的

  • after their violent acts of destruction?

    你知道你將傷害別人

  • Only one way to find out.

    你是如何做好心理準備的?

  • [rock music]

    當要打架時

  • ♪ ♪

    會希望堅守計畫

  • [elevator music]

    專注、然後放鬆

  • [rock music]

    放鬆

  • When we are angry, the body's adrenal glands

    因為我以為

  • release cortisol and adrenaline,

    你會想要發飆

  • readying the body and mind for fight mode.

    不,因為當你太憤怒時

  • - But Catharsis Theory hypothesizes

    你只會這麼做...

  • that letting it out relieves feelings of aggression.

    你無法好好思考

  • [elevator music]

    比賽就只會變成學生打群架

  • [crack]

    這是個很靠戰術的比賽

  • [rock music]

    像老虎般兇狠的眼神,就像洛碁一樣

  • ♪ ♪

    這很吸引我

  • Will these subjects feel less angry after their violent acts

    因為很多人都以為

  • of destruction?

    要戰勝對手就必須要生氣而憤怒

  • - Okay, I'm done.

    就像兩頭獅子

  • - Before we move on to the final step

    兩頭獅子使出全力攻擊,不是嗎?

  • of our anger room demonstration,

    打架是混亂的 就像動物一樣

  • maybe we can gain insight from someone who makes

    但你必須要知道 戰鬥中的什麼時間點

  • a living by hitting.

    才要像動物一般出手

  • Not objects but other people.

    不好意思

  • Mark Smith, aka "Rhino,"

    我很容易受驚

  • is a champion bodybuilder, boxer,

    你需要知道何時發動攻擊

  • and UK gladiator who knows a thing or two

    如果你發現自己很生氣

  • about how to destroy an opponent.

    打沙包對你而言有效嗎?

  • ♪ ♪

    - 絕對有的 - 是嗎?

  • So when you're going into a fight,

    我會發怒,例如說在電話中

  • you know that you're going to get hurt.

    和銀行溝通,我會想要摔門

  • - Yes. - You know that you're going

    或直接掛電話然後摔手機

  • hurt someone else.

    別扔手機也別摔門

  • How do you psych yourself up

    - 為什麼? - 就來運動就好

  • to be good at that?

    打沙包會讓你感覺好很多

  • - When you get into a fight,

    到底有什麼差異呢?

  • you want to stick to your game plan,

    兩種都是很動態的

  • stay focused, and be relaxed.

    你不會衝動行事

  • - Relaxed.

    你是事先計劃過的

  • Because I would have thought

    你會知道「好,我現在要打沙包」

  • you'd want to go in angry.

    「我要去健身房」

  • - No, because if you go in too angry,

    「我將分泌腦內啡」

  • all you're doing is...

    你會放鬆許多

  • and you're not thinking straight,

    並得以評估過去一小時 惹惱你的那位銀行經理

  • it turns into, like, a school brawl.

    我可以嘗試打些什麼嗎?

  • It's a very tactical game. - Right.

    當然,你可以揍我

  • - The eye of the tiger, like Rocky.

    - 我真的可以嗎? - 是的

  • - But this is fascinating to me,

    你會回擊嗎?

  • because you would think that to physically outfight someone,

    到時候我會告訴你

  • in nature, we would have evolved to run off of angry and fear.

  • - That's like two lions; I agree with you there.

    太棒了,我看起來很嚇人嗎?

  • Two lions attack and go full out, don't they?

    關於犀牛說的,暴力無法使人平靜

  • There's no pace in that fight whatsoever,

    的理論是正確的嗎?

  • like animals, but you have to know when to be an animal

    但控制下的主動行為

  • and at what point in the fight.

    卻可以使你放鬆?

  • Bang! - Oh!

    我想答案即將揭曉

  • - But, like--so it's point in--

    對,就像那樣

  • - I'm a very jumpy, flinchy person.

    繼續

  • - It's knowing when to pull the trigger.

    很好

  • - If you ever find yourself angry in your real life,

    做得好

  • do you find it helpful to punch a punching bag...

    打完架後我學會兩件事情

  • - Definitely. - Yeah?

    一、我是個窩囊廢

  • I will get angry, like, I'm on the phone

    二、犀牛是正確的

  • with my bank, and I might think slamming a door

    當肢體暴力被轉化為

  • or just hanging up and throwing my phone on the bed--

    一個有組織的運動,就像拳擊

  • - No, don't throw your phone, and don't slam doors.

    的確可以讓情緒和緩

  • - Why? - Just come and exercise

    這種混合的感覺很奇怪

  • and hit the bag; you'll feel so much better.

    雖然我很累

  • - What's the difference, though?

    但我感覺放鬆許多

  • They're both, like, active things.

    現在你懂了

  • - Well, you're not doing something spontaneous

    我不覺得激動了

  • and acting on impulse.

    你有覺得放鬆嗎?

  • [growls] It's premeditated.

    我不會說我很放鬆

  • You know you're gonna go, "Okay, I'm gonna pack my bag,

    但我會說我頭腦很清楚

  • "I'm gonna go to the gym,

    而且覺得一切更得以掌握

  • I'll be releasing endorphins."

    堅毅的老虎之眼

  • You'll feel more relaxed and you'll be able to assess

    我更像小貓之眼

  • the bank manager who's been irritating you

    而且小貓的心情抑鬱

  • for the last hour.

    但這感覺太棒了

  • - Can I--can I try hitting some things?

    進入暴怒房實驗的最後階段

  • - Definitely. You can try hitting me.

    所有的受測者都會參加

  • - Can I really? - Yes.

    一個他們認為是在對柯林特的反射實驗

  • Are you gonna hit back? - I will--

    但事實上,柯林特根本不存在

  • I will let you know I'm there.

    我們真正要觀察的是

  • - Okay.

    宣洩理論

  • [dramatic music]

    受測者的憤怒指數

  • Awesome. Do I look scary?

    會因為暴力行為而有所影響?

  • - [laughs] - Oh, yeah.

    還是不會?

  • Is Rhino correct that violent acts of rage

    第三階段,我們會測試

  • won't calm you down?

    你當前情況下的反應

  • But the controlled aggression used in boxing

    好嗎?

  • will actually relax you?

    在這裡的是

  • ♪ ♪

    一個發電機

  • I guess I'm about to find out.

    他將會使你微微觸電

  • [bell dings]

    柯林特手上也戴著這個

  • ♪ ♪

    他在另一個房間裡

  • - Yes, like that.

    但你們使用一模一樣的設備

  • ♪ ♪

    一旦受測者戴好觸電手環

  • No, no.

    我們將介紹他們控制面板

  • - [groaning]

    你看

  • - No. Come on.

    這是簡易版的

  • - Well done!

    但它可以使變數降到最低

  • Good work.

    所以你和柯林特將在這遊戲中競賽

  • - I came out of the fight having learned two things.

    黃燈將亮起

  • One, I'm a wimp.

    一旦你看到它亮了

  • And two, Rhino was right;

    按下橘色按鈕

  • when physical violence is channeled

    如果你比柯林特早按下

  • in an organized sport like boxing,

    綠燈會亮起

  • it can actually reduce feelings of aggression.

    這表示你贏了

  • I had this weird combination of feelings.

    柯林特就必須接受一個小電擊

  • As tired as I am... - Yep.

    你可以在這自行調整電力程度

  • - I'm very amped up.

    好吧

  • - So now you feel it. - Yeah.

    所以亮燈,我按這鈕

  • I don't feel aggressive.

    綠燈亮

  • - You feel relaxed?

    - 我就可以操作這 - 沒錯

  • - I wouldn't say I'm relaxed here;

    這可以控制電力大小和 電擊時間長度

  • I would just say I'm clearer here,

    - 沒錯 - 好的

  • and I feel more in control.

    但若柯林特比你快按下按鈕

  • - Eye of the tiger, Rock.

    紅燈會亮起,就代表

  • - Yeah, well, maybe it's the eye of the kitten,

    我的紅燈亮起 表示我即將受到電擊

  • who is in a bad mood,

    你會被電,沒錯

  • but, man, that was great.

    我們將根據他們給柯林特的電擊程度

  • ♪ ♪

    判斷他們的憤怒指數

  • It's time for the final part of our anger room demonstration.

    記住,這位受測者僅 被動地坐在暴怒房中

  • All of our subjects will be taking part

    我贏了嗎?

  • in what they think is a reflex test

  • against their opponent Clint.

    綠燈表示受試者贏

  • In reality, of course, there is no Client,

    他會對柯林特放多少電呢?

  • and what we're really looking at

    給你一個小的

  • is the Catharsis Theory.

    去吧

  • Have our subjects' levels of anger been affected

    像個吻而已

  • according to whether they committed

    啊,我輸了

  • violent acts of destruction.

    紅燈表示柯林特獲勝

  • Or not.

    我們的受測者受到電擊後 會如何反應呢?

  • Stage three is going to be testing

    你這王八蛋

  • how your reflexes are working at this very moment.

    受測者不僅看起來一點也不生氣

  • Okay?

    反而好像樂在其中

  • So this right here is

    這個如何?

  • a static electricity generator

    我不會傷害你的

  • that is going to provide a little bit of a shock.

    給你來個小的

  • We're putting one on Clint as well,

    他看起來其實滿平靜的

  • and he's in another room,

    我們其他被動的受測者也會有 一樣的表現嗎?

  • but you both have the same setup.

    柯林特給她一個重擊

  • Once our subjects are fitted with the shock bracelet,

    讓我們看看她會多用力地反擊

  • they're introduced to the test's control panel.

    即使受到重擊

  • - [chuckles] Look at this.

    受測者仍然猶豫

  • - Yeah, it's very simplified,

    是否該反擊

  • but that really helps keep the variables low.

    柯林特和德芮

  • So both you and Clint will be competing in a bit of a game.

    我只是想提醒你們

  • The yellow light is going to come on at some point,

    你們可以改變電力大小

  • and as soon as you see it come on,

    調整至你們認為適中的程度

  • hit that orange button.

    我知道,但我不想要傷害他

  • And if you hit this button before Clint does,

    我要把電力維持在低程度

  • you'll see the green light come on.

    靜坐不動的受試者們

  • And that will mean that you won.

    看起來已經平復心情了

  • And Clint needs to receive a small shock, okay?

    現在來看看

  • And you can set this to a level of your choosing.

    在暴怒房中主動出擊的受試者

  • - So--okay.

    釋放情緒後

  • Light goes on, if I hit this,

    有讓他們不再生氣嗎?

  • the green one comes and then I'm allowed

    實驗即將開始

  • to work this contraption.

    受死吧

  • - Correct. - Which controls how

    柯莎娜

  • high the voltage and for how long the voltage.

    沒關係的

  • - Correct. - Okay.

    你電力的程度是多少?

  • - If however, Clint pushes the button before you do,

    很低

  • the red light will come on, indicating--

    他把那轉到最高

  • - My red light and I'm about to get it.

    然後持續壓在按鈕上

  • - That you'll get a shock, yeah. Correct.

    在暴怒房中

  • We'll get a sense of our subjects' level of anger

    這是最激進的一位受試者

  • by how they respond to the chance to administer pain

    但那樣似乎沒有使他恢復平靜

  • to Clint.

    在我們的受測者中

  • Remember, this subject just sat in the anger room passively.

    那些用力摔東西的人

  • - Did I get him?

    似乎還是滿生氣的

  • Oh, all right.

    相較於那些被動坐著的人

  • - The green light means our subject wins.

    至少在這情況下

  • How hard will he shock Clint?

    宣洩理論不成立

  • - I'm gonna give you a little low one, buddy.

    事實上,在某些情況

  • [buzzing] There you go.

    受試者看起來更憤怒了

  • Just a kiss.

    你知道嗎?這太用力了

  • Ah, got me.

    你這可惡的混蛋

  • - The red light means Clint won.

    你何不直接出來和我單挑?

  • How will our subject respond

    我的天啊

  • to getting shocked?

    我們都知道看熱鬧的感覺

  • [static buzz] - Ah!

    你很難不去關注車禍

  • [laughs] You son of a bitch.

    我的天啊

  • [chuckles]

    但為什麼呢?

  • - Not only does this subject

    這一定有許多原因

  • not seem angry, he's actually enjoying the game.

    但其中一個基本 而簡單的原因是

  • - All right.

    透過觀察,我們得以 學習和預先準備

  • [buzzing] How about that?

    危險行為和暴力的相似之處

  • I'm not gonna harm you, man.

    是它們都令人興奮

  • Gave ya a little low one.

    從我們兒時開始

  • - He actually seems relatively calm.

    肢體暴力備受鼓勵

  • Will our other passive subject follow suit?

    即使在遊戲中

  • [static buzz]

    以紙玩偶為例

  • Clint gave her a painful shock.

    一個生日的特別禮物

  • Let's see how strongly she retaliates.

    人們要我們用棒球棍 把那隻假小馬打破

  • [buzzing]

    當打得夠用力

  • Even after getting a shock from Clint,

    就可以得到糖果作為回報

  • this subject is still hesitant

    但孩童的破壞傾向

  • to give him a shock in return.

    是天生的,還是後天學習的呢?

  • [over PA] Okay, Clint and Drea,

    有一個前衛的實驗

  • this is just a reminder that you are--

    說明了這個現象

  • you are allowed to change that dial

    在 1961 年,亞伯特·班度拉 進行了一個著名

  • to what you think would be appropriate.

    並頗受爭議的波波玩偶實驗

  • - Yeah, I just don't want to, like, hurt him or anything.

    他讓成人在孩童面前 暴力地對待一隻充氣小丑玩偶

  • I'm just gonna keep it at low.

    然後讓孩童和玩偶獨處在房裡

  • - So the angry subjects who sat passively

    看他們會不會模仿大人的暴力行為

  • seemed to have calmed down.

    令人不安的是 孩童確實模仿了大人的行為

  • Now it's time to check on the subjects who acted violently

    並拿玩偶出氣

  • in the anger room.

    同時在手法上更富創意

  • Did letting out all of that aggression

    更具殺傷力

  • relieve their anger?

    暴力可表現在各種形式

  • [over PA] The experiment will begin now.

    例如,為什麼大家都很難抗拒 捏破氣泡紙

  • [buzzing]

    我們是喜歡它的聲音?

  • - Take it, take it, take it.

    喜歡破壞? 還是兩者都是?

  • - Kashona.

    好像我們天生受破壞行為吸引

  • That's--that's fine.

    天生喜歡摧毀這些脆弱的氣泡紙

  • What level is your dial at?

    破壞傾向似乎深植於我們內在

  • - Um...

    即使是正向的刺激

  • Low.

    我們都想破壞

  • [buzzing]

    有關破壞行為最奇怪的地方

  • - He cranked that all the way up

    是我們喜歡把東西抱得緊緊的 緊到不能呼吸

  • and he's laying on that button.

    特別是可愛的東西

  • This subject was one of the most aggressive people

    像是小狗

  • in the anger room,

    我們不了解確切原因

  • but that doesn't seem to have calmed him down.

    但有個研究利用氣泡紙

  • [buzzing]

    和我們想要捏破氣泡的衝動

  • - Among our subjects,

    示範了這個效果

  • it seems that those who physically vented

    甜美而可愛的刺激

  • their anger are still pretty angry

    是否真的會激起我們激進的行為

  • compared to that subjects who sat quietly.

    答案即將揭曉

  • - So at least in this case,

    謝謝你參加我們的研究

  • catharsis therapy was not effective.

    不客氣

  • In fact, in some cases,

    請不要拘泥

  • the subject seems even angrier.

    我們招募受測者,他們以為自己

  • - Ow! [bleep]

    在參加駕駛技巧測驗

  • You know what? That's too hard.

    你熟悉這項產品嗎?

  • You [bleep] dick!

    是的 你有捏過氣泡紙嗎?

  • Why don't you come in here and [bleep] talk to me in person?

  • - Oh, my God. Oh, my God.

    但我們實際在測的是

  • - We're all familiar with the concept of rubbernecking.

    他們是否會對可愛的刺激 產生激動的反應

  • It's hard to look away from a car crash.

    你將觀賞一系列的圖片

  • - Oh, my God.

    同時請你捏破氣泡紙

  • - But why?

    你可以自行決定要捏多少

  • There are surely a myriad of reasons,

    切記需在圖片開始後才開始捏

  • but one may be that at a primitive level,

    並在圖片放映結束時停止

  • witnessing danger allows us to learn and prepare for it.

    捏氣泡紙就像揉捏壓力球

  • Activities where danger and destruction are likely

    是表現情緒很好的辦法

  • are exciting.

    問題是,受試者在何時會捏 比較多的氣泡紙

  • Starting in our childhood,

    是在看一般圖片時,還是可愛照片時?

  • physical aggression is encouraged,

    首先我們給受測者觀看景觀照

  • even in games.

    這些照片不是為了挑動情緒所設計

  • Take a piñata for example.

    然後我們計算受測者捏破了幾個氣泡

  • As a special birthday treat,

    很好,讓我把這拿走

  • we are told to beat up an effigy with a baseball bat.

    第二階段

  • And when we hit it hard enough,

    你將觀賞另一系列的圖片

  • we are rewarded with candy.

    好的

  • What parts of a child's urge to destroy are innate

    我們播放小狗的照片

  • versus learned?

    看看那隻!

  • Well, there is a groundbreaking experiment

    你難道不想抱抱他、捏捏他到...

  • that shed light on this.

    你懂我的意思了

  • In 1961, Albert Bandura conducted a famous

    為了保持中立

  • and controversial study called the Bobo Doll Experiment.

    一半的受測者先看景觀圖

  • He had adults act violently to an inflatable clown doll

    另一半先看小狗照

  • in the presence of children.

    但無論如何,他們都在看小狗圖時

  • Then left the children alone with the same doll

    捏破了更多的氣泡

  • to see if they would mimic the destructive behavior

    除了這個人

  • they'd observed.

    這叫做:可愛侵略性

  • Disturbingly, the children did indeed copy the adults,

    這是一個通用的心理現象

  • and lashed out at the doll,

    學者相信我們的腦袋會

  • often getting very creative with their aggression

    同時對可愛和暴力產生反應

  • and destruction.

    釋放更多多巴胺

  • Aggression comes in many unexpected forms.

    造成歡愉和獎勵的感覺

  • Why is it so hard to resist popping bubbles in bubble wrap,

    但若我們無法實際碰觸可愛的東西

  • for instance?

    想要的碰觸的衝動會透由

  • Do we like the sound?

    激動或暴力行為顯示

  • The destruction? Or both?

    我們的結果會證實這理論嗎?

  • It's like we're naturally drawn to destroying

    你覺得這些圖片如何?

  • these harmless plastic bubbles of air.

    他們還不錯

  • Destructive tendencies seem to be so engrained in us

    那這些小狗呢?

  • that we even respond to positive stimulation

    我愛他們,他們好小

  • with urges to destroy.

    好可愛

  • One of the strangest things about destruction

    好想抱抱他們

  • is how people want to hug things to death,

    那你對捏氣泡紙有什麼感覺嗎?

  • especially things that are extremely cute,

    我感覺很想

  • like a puppy.

    和狗狗玩或是...

  • We don't know exactly why this is,

    我想和那些狗一起玩氣泡紙

  • but there is a study that demonstrates the effect

    在這簡單的實驗中 受試者在看可愛圖時

  • by using bubble wrap and our desire

    平均多捏破了 33% 的氣泡

  • to pop these bubbles.

    相較於無聊的景觀圖

  • [popping] Oh, yeah.

    所以氣泡紙是小狗的替代物嗎?

  • [dramatic music]

    我想是吧

  • Can sweet adorable stimuli

    事實上,大多數的受測者

  • really insight aggressive behavior?

    在看小狗圖片時都捏了較多的氣泡

  • We're about to find out.

    除了這男人,記得嗎?

  • - Thank you for participating in our focus test.

    你看這些小狗圖時感覺如何?

  • - No problem.

    我一直都偏好貓

  • - Please make yourself comfortable.

    看來有時,可愛的定義

  • - We've recruited subjects who think

    也因人而異

  • they're taking part in a motor skills test.

    我們和破壞行為的關係並不簡單

  • - Are you familiar with this product?

    它有助釋放腦內啡來放鬆思緒

  • - Yes. - Have you popped the bubbles

    它可以讓我們興奮同時更激動

  • in bubble wrap before?

    它還可以平衡

  • - Yes.

    對可愛事物的情緒反應

  • - But really what we're testing

    破壞可以很有用

  • is their aggressive response to cute stimuli.

    可以很危險

  • - So you will be viewing a montage of images.

    也可以很好玩

  • Please pop bubbles in the bubble wrap.

    感謝你的收看

  • You may pop as many or as few as you like.

  • Just be sure to start when the images begin

  • and stop when the images end.

  • - Popping bubbles is like squeezing a stress ball.

  • It's a great way to express aggression.

  • The question is, will the subjects pop more bubbles

  • when watching neutral images or cute ones?

  • ♪ ♪

  • First we showed our subjects these basic landscapes,

  • which are not designed to elicit an emotional response.

  • [pop]

  • And we tallied the total number of bubbles popped.

  • ♪ ♪

  • [pop]

  • - Okay, great. I'll take those.

  • All right, we're gonna do part two,

  • where you'll be viewing another set of images.

  • - Okay.

  • - We also showed them images of...

  • puppies.

  • [playful piano music]

  • ♪ ♪

  • Oh, look at that one!

  • Don't you just want to hug it and squeeze it to--

  • well, okay, you get the point.

  • ♪ ♪

  • To keep things even,

  • half of the subjects viewed the landscapes first

  • and half viewed the puppies first.

  • But either way, they seemed to pop a lot more bubbles

  • while watching the puppies.

  • Except for this guy.

  • [pop]

  • ♪ ♪

  • So-called cute aggression

  • is a universal psychological phenomenon.

  • Researchers believe the brain's response

  • to both cuteness and aggression

  • results in the release of dopamine

  • implicated in the reward and pleasure,

  • but if we are unable to physically touch cute stimuli,

  • the desire to do so can be regulated

  • by substituting aggressive physical behavior.

  • Will our results reflect this theory?

  • ♪ ♪

  • [laughs]

  • - How did you feel about the images that you saw?

  • - They were cool.

  • - How did you feel about the puppies?

  • - I love them. - They were very tiny

  • and adorable.

  • And I wanted to hug them.

  • - And how did you feel about popping the bubble wrap?

  • - I felt like I wanted to

  • play with the dogs or--

  • I wanted to play with the bubble wrap with the dogs.

  • - In our simple test, our subjects popped an average

  • of 33% more bubbles while watching cute puppies,

  • as opposed to boring landscapes.

  • - So was the bubble wrap a stand-in for the puppies?

  • - I guess so.

  • - In fact, the majority of our subjects

  • popped more bubbles while watching puppies.

  • But not this guy. Remember him?

  • - So how did you feel about seeing the dog pictures?

  • - Um, I've always been more of a cat person.

  • - It seems sometimes cuteness

  • is a matter of perspective.

  • [dramatic music]

  • ♪ ♪

  • Our relationship with destruction is not a simple one.

  • It can release endorphins and relax our minds.

  • It can amp us up and make us even more aggressive.

  • It can even help us regulate our emotional reactions

  • to cute things.

  • Destruction can be useful,

  • it can be dangerous,

  • and it can be a lot of fun.

  • ♪ ♪

  • And as always, thanks for watching.

  • [electronic music]

  • ♪ ♪

- We live in a universe

我們所居住的宇宙

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