The physical and the digital.

現實的和數位的。

In the physical world, locks aren't as good as you think they are.

在現實世界，鎖沒有你想像中那麼強大。

The lock on your door stops worries, not burglars,

你們上的鎖只能防憂不能防盜，

As two minutes of searching will reveal.

你上網查個兩分鐘就懂了。

Spend more, get more; but all fail with tools and time enough.

鎖越強就越難破，但只要工具和時間夠多都是浮雲。

That physical locks are bad at locking mostly doesn't matter in normal life,

但現實鎖的脆弱通常不妨礙日常生活，

Because burglars are constrained by the physical world.

因為竊賊被限制在現實世界。

A burglar must cruise the neighborhood, spending their time to pick a target,

竊賊得先巡視各戶，花時間挑軟柿子，

Which makes a house that looks secure most of the way toward being secure.

使得看起來最安全的房子通常都能逃過一劫。

Each target house can then only be attacked one at a time,

同時間內一間房子只會被一人襲擊，

And comes with a risk of being physically caught in the act.

還要冒著在行動中被抓的風險。

But digital is different. The constraints of the physical no longer apply.

但數位世界不同，現實中的枷鎖已不存在。

On the Internet, a digital lock must protect you from, not just the neighborhood burglar,

在網路上，數位鎖必須幫你阻擋的不只鄰家小偷，

But all burglars everywhere. For, on the Internet, there's no such thing as distance.

而是五湖四海的所有小偷，因為網路世界無遠弗屆。

Internet burglars don't crack digital locks personally, they build burglar bots

網路盜賊不用自己開鎖，他們會寫自動程式

That try millions of combinations just to see what opens.

來嘗試幾百萬組號碼，看哪一組開得了。

One lock down the street or a country-full on the other side of the world — it's all the same.

不論在同一條街或在世界另一端的許多國家都是如此。

Actually, other side of the world is better — a dude in East-whatever-landia stealing your identity

事實上，若竊賊住在世界另一端還更好─ 一個東某某國的老兄如果偷了你的個人資料

Has a near-zero chance of getting caught.

被逮到的機率趨近於零。

This is bad news, but thanks to mathematics, digital locks can be made unbreakable.

真是壞消息，但感謝數學，數位鎖可以幾乎無法破解。

This is encryption — a digital lock that, without the password, cannot be opened.

這就是加密法，這種數位鎖沒有密碼就開不了。

Burglar bots will plough through all the possibilities, but a secure password

開鎖程式會窮盡數百萬種可能，但要猜出密碼

Will take longer than the heat death of the Universe to guess.

需要比宇宙因熱寂而死還長的時間。

No password, no entry. No matter how much of a l33t hacker your mom is

沒密碼禁止進入，無論你老媽是多屌的駭客

Your private files stay private.

你的隱私仍保持隱私。

Which might just be the greatest social good mathematics has done mankind.

這可能是人類史上對社會最有益的數學發明。

But it's easy to imagine unbreakable digital locks as bad news.

但也很容易想見無法破解的數位鎖會成壞事。

Maximum lazy: ticking time bomb, the location and off-code of which

最簡單的例子：一顆定時炸彈，其地點和密碼

Are locked on the phone of a dead man.

被鎖在一個死人的手機裡。

Now, were the information on a piece of paper in a safe room, no problem:

要是該訊息位於上鎖房間中的紙條，就沒問題：

In the physical world, if you can't crack the lock, then you crack the wall.

在物理世界，如果你破不了鎖還能破牆。

Society agrees, under this scenario, it's reasonable for police to get in, no matter what it takes.

社會認同在此情況下， 警察闖入是合理的，不論其手段如何。

Note: this means real-world locks aren't just physically weak, but also legally weak.

注意：這意指現實鎖不只在物理上脆弱， 也在法律上脆弱。

We could live in a world with privacy laws that forbade police to break into all locks,

我們理論上可以活在隱私法規禁止警察開任何鎖、

no matter how flimsy, but we don't, because that would be dumb.

不論鎖多脆弱的世界，但並沒有，因為那太蠢了。

Hmmm...

嗯......

This is where gears turn in government heads.

這就是政府的如意算盤。

If digital locks are physically invulnerable, maybe they can be made legally vulnerable:

數位鎖在物理上堅固，也許可以使其在法律上脆弱：

To require digital locks be built with a keyhole for which police have the key.

即要求數位鎖附帶唯警察能開的鑰匙孔。

Highly secure, top secret, for emergencies only, surely.

高度安全、頂級機密，當然只有緊急情況使用。

This legal vulnerability to ban citizens from owning perfect digital locks,

這種法律上的脆弱使人民無法擁有完美的數位鎖，

To require companies manufacture their devices with keyholes, is an idea

要求製造商於產品加裝鑰匙孔，

That many, many governments are interested in.

引起千千萬萬政府的興趣。

And governments point out that a warrant which lets police into your house and into your papers

政府指出讓警察開門搜紙的證明

Should let police into your phone.

應當也適用於讓警察開手機。

If your home is your castle, but the need, pressing enough, the police bring a battering ram.

如果你家是城堡，只要情況夠急迫， 警察照樣會搬出破城槌，

But there's no battering ram to crack open a well-locked phone to comply with a warrant.

但沒有一種破城槌可以打開完好加密的手機完成搜索

Not helpfully, anyway.

看看，根本沒有幫助。

Which is a problem: again, we all ideally want police to crack digital locks sometimes.

問題來了：我們都想讓警察在某些情況下破解數位鎖。

But at our current level on the tech tree, digital locks that cannot be opened are a thing that exists.

然而在我們所處的科技樹層級， 不可破解的數位鎖確實存在。

And because they are made of math, something a skilled coder can build at home,

因為它是以數學原理製成， 任何程式專家都能在家製作一個，

Trying to ban digital locks for everyone is pretty close to trying to ban an idea.

想禁止任何人製作數位鎖幾乎等同於禁止一種思想，

Good luck with that.

我只能祝福你。

But even were it possible to successfully ban perfect digital locks in a country, remember:

就算有可能成功在一個國家完全禁止完美的數位鎖， 你得記住：

On the Internet, there is no such thing as distance.

網路世界，無遠弗屆。

Even if your government is a Xanadu bureaucracy of the Seraphim Incorruptible,

即使你們政府是清廉仁義的天使烏托邦，

There are demons elsewhere.

這世界上總是有惡魔。

Unbreakable digital locks are the foundation upon which computing and Internet-ing is built.

不破數位鎖乃是電腦與網路系統的根基。

Banking, buying, blogging, vlogging, gaming, tweeting, beating, meeting —

金融、買賣、部落格、影音、遊戲、推特、筆戰、視訊

All of this is possible because of unbreakable digital locks.

一切都是因無法攻破的數位鎖才成為可能。

They've existed since computers filled rooms, but now, with computers in our pockets,

加密法在電腦占滿整個房間的時代就已出現， 現在運用在電腦能塞進口袋的時代，

We rely on those locks to protect the content of our lives — the content of our minds.

我們依賴鎖來保護我們生命的內涵、心靈的內涵。

Forced weakness, even with the best of intentions, places everyone in danger.

將其弱化，即使是以最良善的動機， 都會讓所有人身陷險境。

The nature of a keyhole is to be cracked,

鑰匙孔的本質就是會被撬開，

And the nature of the Internet is to bring demons to the door.

而網路的本質就是會引惡魔叩關。

No matter how much we might wish it, there is no way to build a digital lock

無論我們多麼想要，絕無可能製作出一種

That only angels can open and demons cannot.

天使能開而惡魔不能開的數位鎖。

Anyone saying otherwise is either ignorant of the mathematics,

其他任何說法要不是忽略的數學本質，

Or less of an angel than they appear.

就是表裡不一的天使。

This video has been brought to you in part by Audible.com,

本片部分由Audible.com贊助播出，

where there's more than 180,000 audio books and spoken audio products.

這裡包含超過180,000本有聲書及有聲產品。

Get a free trial today at Audible.com/grey.

今天就到Audible.com/grey免費試用。

This time, I'm going to recommend Daemon by Daniel Suarez.

這次我推薦Daniel Suarez寫的Daemon。

I never like to say anything about fictional books, I don't like spoilers,

我從不喜歡談論關於故事類書籍，我討厭劇透，

but if you've made it to the end of a video about encryption, this one's for you.

但你現在看完了一部關於加密法的影片， 那這本就獻給你了。

Why don't you give it a try as part of your free 30-day trial at Audible.com/grey?

為何不上Audible.com/grey試用你專屬的 免費30天體驗？

And show Audible that you support this channel.

告訴Audible你支持本頻道。