Name: 希格斯粒子(Higgs particle)是粒子物理標準模型中最後一個尚未被發現的粒子。(The Higgs Boson, Part I)
Uploaded: 2013-03-29T02:13:33.000Z
Duration: 3 min 4 s

The Higgs Boson Part I: What it is and why it matters

希格斯玻色子第一部分：它是什麼以及它為什麼重要？

Let's cut to the chase: as of July 4, 2012, the Higgs Boson is the last fundamental piece

讓我們'切入正題：截至2012年7月4日，希格斯玻色子是最後的基本件。

情態副詞

of the Standard Model of Particle Physics to be discovered experimentally. "But," you

粒子物理學標準模型的，要通過實驗來發現。 "但是，"你

might ask, "why was the Higgs Boson included in the Standard Model alongside well-known

也許有人會問，"為什麼希格斯玻色子與著名的 "希格斯玻色子 "一起被列入標準模型？

particles like electrons and photons and quarks if it hadn't been discovered back then in

粒子，如電子和光子和夸克，如果它沒有被發現當時在。

the 1970s?" Good question. There are two main reasons:

20世紀70年代？" 好問題。主要有兩個原因。

First, just like the electron is an excitation in the electron field, the Higgs boson is

首先，就像電子是電子場中的一個激發物一樣，希格斯玻色子也是

simply a particle which is an excitation of the everywhere-permeating Higgs field. The

只是一個粒子，這是一個激發的無處不在滲透希格斯場。該

Higgs field, in turn, plays an integral role in our model for radioactive decay, called

希格斯場則在我們的放射性衰變模型中扮演了不可或缺的角色，稱為

the weak nuclear force (in particular, the Higgs field helps explain why it's so weak).

弱核力（特別是，希格斯場有助於解釋為什麼它'的如此之弱）。

We'll talk more about this in a later video, but even though weak nuclear theory was confirmed

我們'會在後面的視頻中多說幾句，但即使弱核理論被證實了。

in the 1980s, in the equations the Higgs field is so inextricably jumbled with the weak force

在20世紀80年代，在方程中，希格斯場與弱力是如此密不可分地混在一起。

that until now we've been unable to confirm its actual and independent existence.

直到現在我們還無法確認它的實際和獨立存在。

The second reason to include the Higgs in the standard model is some jargony business

將希格斯納入標準模型的第二個原因是一些行話式的商業行為。

about the Higgs field giving all other particles mass. But why does stuff need to be "given"

關於希格斯場 給所有其他粒子的品質。但為什麼東西需要"給予"

mass in the first place? Isn't mass just an intrinsic property of matter, like electric

品質在首位？品質不就是物質的一種內在屬性嗎，就像電一樣。

charge? Well, in particle physics…no. Remember that in the Standard Model, we first write

電荷？嗯，在粒子物理學中......不是。請記住，在標準模型中，我們首先要寫出

down a mathematical "ingredients list" of all the particles that we think are in nature

我們認為自然界中的所有粒子的數學"成分表"。

(and their properties). You can watch my "theory of everything" video for a quick refresher.

以及它們的特性）。你可以看我的"萬物理論"視頻來快速複習。

We then run this list through a big fancy mathematical machine, which spits out equations

然後，我們通過一個大型的數學機器運行這個列表，它吐出方程。

告訴我們這些粒子的行為方式。

Except, if we try to include mass as a property for the particles on our ingredients list,

除非，如果我們嘗試將品質作為粒子的屬性列入配料表。

the math-machine breaks. Maybe mass was a poor choice… but most particles we observe

數學機器壞了也許品質是一個糟糕的選擇... 但我們觀察到的大多數粒子... ...

in nature do have mass, so we have to figure out some clever way of using ingredients that

在自然界中是有品質的，所以我們要想出一些巧妙的方法來使用原料，以達到

will spit out mass in the final equations without it being an input - kind of like how

會在最後的方程中吐出品質，而不需要輸入--這就像是

you can let yeast, sugar and water ferment into alcohol that wasn't there to begin with.

你可以讓酵母，糖和水發酵成酒精，是不是有開始。

And as you may be thirstily anticipating, the solution is to toss a yeasty Higgs field

而你可能會渴求，解決方案是折騰一個酵母希格斯場。

in with the other ingredients of the Standard Model, so that when we let the math ferment,

在與標準模型的其他成分，所以當我們讓數學發酵。

we get out particles that have mass! But this model also brews up something we DIDN'T intend:

我們得到了有品質的粒子！但這個模型也醞釀了一些我們DIDN'T打算：但這個模型也釀成了我們DIDN'T打算的東西。

a solitary Higgs particle, the infamous boson. And since the model works so well to explain

一個孤獨的希格斯粒子， 臭名昭著的玻色子。由於該模型的工作原理如此之好，以解釋

everything else, we figured it was pretty likely that the lonely boson is right, too!

其他的一切，我們認為這是非常可能的 孤獨玻色子是正確的，太!

To summarize, the Higgs Boson is a particle which is a left-over excitation of the Higgs

綜上所述，希格斯玻色子是一種粒子，它是希格斯的遺留激發。

field, which in turn was needed in the Standard Model to 1) explain the weak nuclear force

場，而在標準模型中，這又是需要的，以1）解釋微弱的核力

and 2) explain why any of the other particles have mass at all. However, the boson is the

和2）解釋為什麼其他粒子都有品質。然而，玻色子是

only bit of the Higgs field which is independently verifiable, precisely because the other bits

只有希格斯場的位是可以獨立驗證的，正因為其他位

are tangled up in the weak nuclear force and in giving particles mass. The fact that the

是糾結於弱核力和賦予粒子品質。的事實。

Higgs Boson is so independent from the rest of the Standard Model is why it's the last

希格斯玻色子是如此獨立於標準模型的其餘部分是為什麼它'是最後一個。

piece of the puzzle to be discovered - and if it turns out to be exactly what was predicted,

片的謎題被發現--如果它的結果和預測的完全一樣。

The only problem is that we know that the standard model ISN'T a complete description

唯一的問題是，我們知道，標準模型ISN'T一個完整的描述。

of the universe (it entirely misses out on gravity, for example). So to physicists, it

的宇宙（比如說它完全忽略了引力）。所以對物理學家來說，它

would be much more interesting AND helpful if the Higgs boson turns out to be not quite

將是更多的有趣和有用的，如果希格斯玻色子原來是不太

what we expect… then we might get a clue as to how to reach a deeper understanding

我們所期待的... ...那麼我們可能會得到一個線索，如何達到更深的理解。

of the universe. So even though we just made a discovery, we can't sit back and relax.

的宇宙。所以，即使我們剛剛有了發現，我們也不能坐以待斃。