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  • From philosophers and historians to poets and scientists alike, love has captured our imagination and curiosity for centuries.

    不論是哲學家、歷史學家、詩人還是科學家,人類在幾個世紀以來都對「愛」充滿想像與好奇。

  • Many have experienced the rush of falling in love for the first time,

    許多人都曾體驗過初次墜入愛河的悸動,

  • or the deep feelings of love for your children, family, and friends.

    或是感受到自己對孩子、家人與朋友的深刻愛意。

  • But what is love from a biological perspective?

    但是,以生物學觀點而言,愛是什麼?

  • No doubt it's intertwined with the evolutionary survival of our species.

    毫無疑問地, 愛與人類的生存演化息息相關。

  • After all, you come from an unbroken line of organisms reproducing from the very first microbe that split in two,

    畢竟,你來自一個堅不可摧的生物繁衍流程:從最初的微生物一分裂為二、

  • to your ancestors who have all successfully mated since the dawn of time.

    到從宇宙之初至今所有成功配對繁衍的祖先。

  • Sadly, if you fail to have children, this perfect streak comes to a halt.

    可惜的是,你如果沒有生小孩,這完美的生命線就會愕然中止。

  • But while we're driven to reproduce, we're also driven to make sure our offspring survive.

    就如同我們都有繁衍的本能,我們也有確保後代存活的動力。

  • Though we often associate love with the heart, the true magic can be seen inside the brain.

    雖然我們常把愛與心聯想在一起,真正的魔法卻可能發生在大腦之中。

  • It may not be entirely surprising to find out that the brain of somebody in love looks awfully similar to one on cocaine.

    你可能不會感到意外,戀愛中人的大腦看起來跟吸食古柯鹼者的大腦非常相似。

  • Cocaine acts on the pleasure centers in the brain by lowering the threshold at which they fire.

    古柯鹼透過降低大腦快樂中樞生效的門檻,進而對它起作用。

  • This means that you feel really good a lot easier.

    這表示你會更容易地感覺良好。

  • We see the same thing in the brains of those in love, but it's not just the cocaine or the love that makes you feel good.

    我們在戀愛中人的大腦裡也看到同樣現象,但讓你心情好的不僅是古柯鹼或是愛。

  • It's the fact that anything you experience will now more easily set off pleasure centers and make you feel good.

    事實是,你在這個時期經歷的任何事都更容易刺激快樂中樞並讓你有好心情。

  • Because of this, you not only fall in love with the person, but begin to build a romanticized view of the world around you.

    正因如此,你不只是愛上那個人,更會開始用浪漫的視角檢視世界。

  • Interestingly, nearby pain and aversion centers begin to fire less, so you become less bothered by things.

    有趣的是,鄰近的痛苦和厭惡中樞作用的次數也開始降低,所以你也較不容易為事所擾。

  • Simply put, we love being in love.

    簡單來說,我們熱愛戀愛的感覺。

  • So what chemicals are at work to make all this happen?

    那到底是哪些化學物質促成這一切的發生呢?

  • Both during orgasm or by simply looking at photos of a loved one, there is a surge of dopamine and norepinephrine from the ventral tegmental area.

    無論是高潮期間,或單純看著所愛之人的照片,我們中腦腹側被蓋區內的多巴胺和正腎上腺素都會急遽上升。

  • This not only triggers sexual arousal and your racing heart, but gives you the motivation, craving, and desire to be with a person more and more.

    這不只會誘發性興奮和心跳加速,還會給你更多與某人相處的動機、渴求和慾望。

  • You see, romantic love is not simply an emotion; it's a drive from the motor of the mind.

    這麼說吧,浪漫的愛情不單只是情感,它更是從心靈深處驅動的動力。

  • And this motor brings about intense energy, focused attention, and elation.

    而這股動力也帶來豐沛的精力、集中的注意力和歡欣之情。

  • The pleasure centers are part of the brain's reward system: the mesolimbic dopamine system.

    快樂中樞是大腦獎賞機制的一部分:中腦多巴胺系統。

  • If you stimulate this region while learning, learning becomes much easier because it's pleasurable and perceived as a reward.

    如果你在學習時刺激這個區域,學習將變得更簡單,因為它讓人享受並被視為獎勵。

  • We also see a surge in the neuromodulator, oxytocin from the nucleus accumbens, sometimes called the "commitment neuromodulator" because, in mammals, it helps to reinforce bonding or attachment.

    我們也會看到伏隔核中調節神經的「催產素」(也被稱為「愛情荷爾蒙」)大量增加,因為它在哺乳類動物中的作用是強化愛和羈絆。

  • When prairie voles are injected with either oxytocin or vasopressin, they will instantly find a mate to pair bond with.

    當草園田鼠被注射催產素或血管加壓素時,牠們會立刻展開求偶活動。

  • Finally, studies have shown that people in love have low levels of serotonin, which is similar to people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    最後,研究顯示,戀愛中人含有較低的血清素,這一點和強迫症患者類似。

  • This is likely the cause of our obsession and infatuation during early love.

    這很可能是引起戀愛初期意亂情迷的原因。

  • Amazingly, these areas associated with intense romantic love can remain active for decades.

    神奇的是,這些與強烈浪漫愛情有關的區域可以維持活躍長達數十年。

  • And while there are many other physiological and psychological components that add to the mix,

    而雖然過程中還有許多生理和心理上的組成元素,

  • the truth is, science still knows very little about exactly why or how love works.

    但事實是,目前科學還是很難解釋「愛」的作用原因或方法。

  • And yet somehow, we all seem to know it when we feel it.

    然而,我們似乎總能知道我們感受到愛的時刻。

  • Got a burning question you want answered?

    有你迫切想知道答案的問題嗎?

  • Ask it in the comments, or on Facebook and Twitter.

    在影片下方或 Facebook 和 Twitter 留言詢問我們吧!

  • And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

    記得訂閱頻道,以觀看更多每週更新的科學影片。

From philosophers and historians to poets and scientists alike, love has captured our imagination and curiosity for centuries.

不論是哲學家、歷史學家、詩人還是科學家,人類在幾個世紀以來都對「愛」充滿想像與好奇。

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