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  • Ok, it's Destin.

  • - Deh, it's Dustin..

  • - Destin, Destin.

  • - Destin.

  • - You got it.

  • - OK, I've got it.

  • - [laughs] Alright here's the deal.

  • We are with Don Pettit.

  • - Have you thought of changing your name to something that's easier to pronounce?

  • - Just think of the module, there's a Destiny module right over there.

  • - OK, hey it's me Destin, welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

  • Now a lot of the pictures you see from the International Space Station

  • come from the cupola,

  • on the inside here, right?

  • So the the cupola's on node 3? Is that correct?

  • - Node 3.

  • - Node 3. Alright, so this is astronaut Don Pettit.

  • You may know this guy.

  • You've done all the, like, city tracking, and things like..

  • - Yeah I did a lot of cities at night,

  • and then the night time aurora and time lapse sequences of earth,

  • many of those you see have been done in this module

  • when I was at the helm of the camera.

  • - He's the junk, let me just say it that way.

  • You're the junk when it comes to space photography, right?

  • Can you say that? Say I'm the junk?

  • - No I can't say that cause I just.. I get too embarrassed.

  • - I'm gonna meet you on the other side, Ok? So, seriously he's the junk.

  • Like all the really cool aurora stuff, Don's the guy that took it.

  • [music]

  • - Now this is a cover. [knocks on it]

  • - So we call it a shutter and it protects the windows from micro meteorites when the shutters are closed,

  • the windows are protected.

  • And also thermally insulates the windows from the radiation environment of space.

  • - So can you shut these things from the outside?

  • - No, you can open and close it from the inside.

  • - OK wait. On the inside you're throwing a lever or something, and it..

  • - Yeah you're turning a knob.

  • - And it's..

  • - Opens.

  • - On the outside.

  • - On the outside.

  • - How do you do that and maintain a pressure seal between them?

  • - O-ring type seals.

  • - No you don't!

  • - With a rotating check.

  • All our hatch seals are O-ring type seals.

  • - Yeah but how.. Ahh my brain's..

  • - Let's go inside, we can see it.

  • Watch your head.

  • - Oops thunk.

  • - So you have a whole series of O-rings in here

  • and a shaft that you rotate.

  • - So, I mean on the space station how many of these would you have?

  • - Seven, because we have seven windows.

  • - What happens if you get a leak on that?

  • - Um, then you have a leak.

  • - You just have a leak. and you lose air.

  • - And what you would do is you would probably seal the whole cupola off

  • and then there's probably a plan I don't know off the top of my head

  • but there's probably a plan for replacing the mechanism,

  • it might require a space walk.

  • - So my question is how can you operate a lid on the outside of the space station by manipulating something mechanical

  • on the inside of the space station, without losing air pressure.

  • - It's called real good engineering.

  • - OK you heard Don Pettit.

  • He said that it takes a really good engineer to design this sort of thing.

  • I'm told the guy quit working on the space program

  • and now owns his own motorcycle parts business.

  • Is Charlie here? Is he upstairs?

  • - You're doing the interview right?

  • - I'm doing the interview.

  • What is the name of this place?

  • - Pit bull products.

  • - Pit bull products?

  • - Yeah.

  • - Are you Charlie?

  • - Yeah

  • - Hey I'm Destin.

  • This guy is Charlie VanValkenburgh.

  • He went to Auburn University as an industrial engineer

  • and he's got like well over a dozen patents.

  • 20 years ago he was the lead engineer over the cupola shutter design

  • but after the project finished he stopped and went and built his own business.

  • Now he's building this.

  • It's a special stand that uses leverage to pick up a motorcycle so people can work on it.

  • He's so humble about his skills though that even the people that work with him had no idea what he did for the space station.

  • When Charlie's team was working on this they called it Space Station Freedom.

  • Which is a really cool name by the way.

  • This program morphed into the International Space Station program and Charlie's drawing package was handed over to the Italian space agency

  • so the italians could fabricate it.

  • Charlie however kept an entire drawing package,

  • cause every good engineer knows you might have to go back and look at what you did.

  • We talked about the handles, we looked at the bevel gears,

  • we talked about the cartridge assembly.

  • OK we found what might be the most critical part of the entire drawing package.

  • This is the inner shaft,

  • and you can see right here there are two grooves,

  • and those grooves are held to within 2000ths of an inch.

  • The reason that's important is because the interface between the inside of that groove

  • and the outer wall that compresses the O-ring

  • you have to control that, because you're taking a circular O-ring and you're gonna squish it to an oval.

  • Is that right Charlie?

  • - That's correct.

  • - There's another detail of those O-ring grooves right?

  • - Right. These are the dynamic grooves.

  • Those two are the ones that actually are turning.

  • - Did you hear what he just said?

  • He said they're dynamic O-rings.

  • That means there's a shaft running through it.

  • Actually rubbing on the O-ring.

  • So you've got the air that you're breathing as an astronaut right?

  • And it's being held back from the vacuum of space by two little bitty O-rings.

  • That's incredible!

  • So this design that you made 20 years ago is still being operated today flawlessly.

  • How does that make you feel?

  • - I hope it's flawless. [laughs]

  • - A couple of months ago I was sitting here and I tweeted something

  • and I noticed it was favorited from an astronaut on orbit.

  • [Pffshhh] Blew my mind, right?

  • But if you think about it it makes sense.

  • These astronauts are getting smarter every day by doing science off the earth for us here on the earth.

  • Pretty amazing.

  • Anyway, turns out it was real so I decided to seize the opportunity.

  • - You're sure that Italy built from our design right? I never really knew.

  • - You don't know?

  • - I didn't follow up on it, no.

  • - Well um.. The Italian astronaut said that was how it was built.

  • - Hello.

  • And welcome to the cupola on the International Space Station.

  • In the cupola we have seven windows

  • and every window has its own shutter.

  • And Smarter Every Day, with whom I have connected via twitter

  • asked me to give you a demonstration of how we open and close the shutters.

  • I guess it's because I'm Italian and the cupola you know was built in Italy.

  • So here we go, it's pretty easy.

  • Each window has a handle that looks like this.

  • And you just turn it, obviously in the closed direction if you want to close the window,

  • and here you can see the window coming closed,

  • or the shutter.

  • And when you get close to the end, to the closed position,

  • you kind of want to be careful because there is no bumper

  • so you don't want to hit the structure real hard.

  • It's a direct mechanical connection.

  • Shutters can only be operated manually.

  • And it's kind of cool to think that there is this shaft that goes sort of through

  • the structure, the other side is in outer space.

  • It feels cold but the regular metal cold, not really really cold.

  • And again, when you get close to structure you want to be careful not to hit real hard.

  • So this is it.

  • It's pretty simple.

  • I'm European astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti on the International Space Station,

  • and you are getting Smarter Every Day.

  • Have a good one.

  • - She just did the Smarter Every Day outro from space.

  • [Pshhhheww] That's crazy!

  • Follow these guys on twitter.

  • Follow all the astronauts on twitter.

  • They're taking pictures out of the cupola every day and tweeting it to your phone.

  • Why would you not do that?

  • And what was the astronaut's name?

  • - Samantha.

  • - That's right. So, go follow them on twitter.

  • Awesome stuff happens when you follow them on twitter.

  • Would you like to add anything?

  • - Smarter Every Day! [laughs]

  • - [distant] Dad.

  • - What?

  • - [distant] I love you.

  • - I love you too. Have a good one.

  • They already did the outro from space.

  • We don't have to do that.

  • If you feel like we've earned your subscription please consider clicking on one of these O-rings to subscribe.

  • Thank you very much.

  • Are you excited about space?

  • - Yeah.

  • - What are these called? Do you know?

  • - O-rings.

  • - O-rings, that's right.

Ok, it's Destin.

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空間站的7個HOLES--每天更聰明 135 (7 HOLES in the Space Station - Smarter Every Day 135)

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    林宜悉 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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