S.

President Donald Trump is coming to a close.

We've got the language you need to talk about this story.

I'm Catherine and I'm Dan, and this is news review.

Let's hear more about that story from this BBC World Service news bulletin.

Final arguments have been heard in the impeachment trial of President Trump.

The Republican dominated US Senate then adjourned.

The chamber will now almost certainly vote to acquit the president in its concluding vote on Wednesday.

So the impeachment process against President Donald Trump has nearly finished.

Now he's accused of abusing his position on then hiding the evidence he is expected to be acquitted.

That means found out Val not guilty because, in fact, the people making the decision mostly from his party anyway.

Yeah, and they're gonna back there, man.

That's what's expected.

Yeah, okay, well, we've got three words and expressions that you can use to talk about this story.

What do we have fallen, Catherine?

We have sputters some aunt constrain spotters, sham and constrain.

Okay, let's have our first headline then please, let's do it.

So first headline is from the United States, The New York Times Democrats and White House rest cases as impeachment splutters towards a verdict.

Sputters continues weekly.

Now I'm gonna sell again spotters spot, but but but But it's nice.

It's got this rhythm to it.

Yes, it's a nice word.

Put the put is quite what we call on a matter.

PX Butters isn't on a matter pick words.

That means it's a word that's spelled or pronounced like the sound that it represents correctly.

That on a mat appear is when a sound a word sounds like a sound.

Okay, so, like, a cat would get me out, I am a Iow Well, we could have clap C l a P sounds like yes, lick is another one click Get one of those Felt like it sounds sputters spelled S P u double T E r s Sounds like it gives you the idea of this sound, which sounds like a car engine when it's kind of trying to get going or is about to stop.

You never want to hear your engine sputtering, but two particular driving along and you're thinking, Oh, please don't stop whatever you do, I'm not there yet.

Yeah, if you're about to run out of petrol.

You hear that car yet?

What, if anything, we're going to get Yeah.

Please, Please go slower and slower.

Doesn't Yeah.

So back to our headline?

The impeachment is splutters towards a verdict.

It means it's almost there is quite laborious and difficult and a lot of power does it.

It's kind of a coward.

Yeah, and it's an idea that it's going forward, this child.

But it's all a bit difficult and hard work, So spotter is kind of Ah, it's a verb of movement and style, isn't it?

You get this, you get this movement, but also that you get the idea that it's not.

You should be confident in it.

It's kind of feeble and weak.

It's well, it's Yeah, it's a it's a kind of manner is well, you know, some things buttering.

You know, it's not really making very small than study progress.

It's all a bit tired and exhausted.

Yeah, you can talk of phrases with butter includes something can spot it to ah, halt or sputter to stop.

So that would be like weekly continuing and then and then stuffing Yes, much like maybe maybe a relationship between two people who don't really get on.

Very nice.

Putter on for a while.

Something conspirator on.

And it means it keeps going very weakly.

And then finally it might sputter to Ah ha, yeah.

And therefore end the relationship.

Right.

Well, let's check out the information on a slide.

Okay, let's go to our second headline then, please.

On Dhe we have another headline from United States.

The publication is deadline on the headline Stephen Colbert stews over Senate's sham impeachment trial.

Sham, False fake for bogus sounds a nice word to say, actually, Sham lovely were to say, a sham spelled S h a m sham.

Now, this is all about fake, false, untrue things.

It sze a fairly specific use of it.

If you think about fake, we often think about sort of fake handbag Hate watches.

Yeah, that kind of thing where you pay, like, $10.

I got picked up a zoo CI bags, Noguchi Zoo key.

It was a fake goatee.

Yes.

Yeah, she was.

Don't tell everybody.

I think it's quite over that bits fall off.

Yeah, it does.

So objects can be fake.

But we don't normally say that objects are sham.

The word sham we used for situations.

Oh, you know, like the other day When I got a phone call the other day, somebody phoned me up and said, Guess what, Mr.

Dan, you've won a £1,000,000 I was like, No way.

And they were like, Yeah, all we need to send you the money.

Are your bank account details All right.

Did you check out the website?

I did.

It was very dodgy.

They had misspellings all over the place, and their icon wasn't quite right.

I I just I didn't trust it in the end, what with the dodgy phone call and the ridiculous promises and the bad luck and websites, you figured that this was all a sham operation complete Sham.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Okay.

So something that's set up to look like the real thing, but it actually isn't.

So you can have a sham business.

Some operation of a sham, a marriage, some marriage, expression of love.

Please don't misunderstand me.

Yes, if people get married for one day and then they go their separate ways, usually to get someone of Visa, passport something.

That's what we call a sham marriage.

Now he's saying that the impeachment trial was sham.

Now that doesn't mean it was set up to be completely a fake.

What is saying is that this trial is called describing as sham because it's lost credibility.

This might mean that it's disorganized, that the people in the trial aren't trustworthy.

Maybe that's corrupt can be that it was corrupt, one sided.

It's not believable.

It's not trustworthy.

It's not credible.

In his opinion, it doesn't mean that it's actually set up to be false.

But when procedures go wrong because of corruption, mismanagement by practice, the wrong people being there, the right people not being there, a criticism of this process can be that it's sham.

Yeah, it often happens in elections when the losing party, once they found out that they've lost, suddenly goes all it was all a sham.

They bet they badly managed.

It was all a terrible shame on the winner's going.

No, it was completely above board and find.

We can use it also to suggest maybe if you go for a job interview, you don't get the job, and then you think you might say, Well, that was a sham.

It wasn't a real job.

Interview was real but they didn't do it.

They only did it because they had to, because they knew who they were going to give the job to all along.

You know, for me it was a sham.

So we have the first meeting, which was something that's intended to deceive people.

And then we have the 2nd 1 which is the badly managed six, badly managed.

So you lose trust in that?

Yes.

But here's something you don't need to lose.

Trust in its hour slide.

It's not a sham at all.

Okay, Now, before we go to our third and final headline, this is not the first time that news review has covered Donald Trump being in controversy, is it, Catherine?

No, and I'm sure it will be the last.

But we can look back to another previous news review where we cover the story where Donald Trump was being accused of racism.

Now, to see more of this story, just click the link and you'll go straight there.

Wonderful.

Okay, let's have a look at our third and final headline then, please.

Okay, So this one's from Australia.

The Sydney Morning Herald on the headline is, you cannot constrain him Democrats condemn Trump as a threat to democracy.

Constrain control or limit.

This is a verb.

Isn't this is a verb constrained.

C o n s t r a i n on the stresses on the second syllable as Dan will demonstrate Con strain con strain.

Thank you very much.

Talking.

Yes, it's related to limiting freedom.

Now this means.

And we often use it in a kind of business sense or in a political sense, when people are not allowed to do absolutely anything they want.

There are limits of the things that you're allowed to do.

Now imagine.

Dan, you've decided.

Yes.

You're not gonna be a teacher anymore.

Decided you're going to be a build a property developer.

Got it.

You found a lovely piece of real estate of beach little college.

Is something relation?

Both sea turtles?

Yes.

Excellent.

Perfect place for my new casino.

Yeah.

I don't think 20 stories high with neon light.

Absolutely.

No, no, no.

Why?

There will be constraints on what you're allowed to do.

That means rules and regulations probably put in place by the local council.

That said, you can't have buildings more than six floors, high gambling license there will be rules and regulations to limit how much you can do.

So, yes, you can build something.

Yeah, but you can't build a 20 story because, you know, I will be constrained.

The funds commonly used that way, isn't it Very commonly, Yes.

You could be constrained, Andi.

I noticed that you used the noun was constraint.

Yes, and I was constraint.

Well, thank you very much.

I'm doing all right today.

Okay?

So, yes, we use it in the passive form.

It's not just the buildings we can have.

Things like you can be constrained by many different things.

A budget You can talk about.

Budgetary constraints.

Now, back to the headline the Democrats aren't talking about Well, they may be talking about the rules and regulations, but this is really a comment on Donald Trump doing pretty much in what he wants to do.

They're saying it's very difficult to control and whether by rules and regulations or by other means, But they're saying he's difficult to control to keep within the limits off his butt.

President, presidential powers, if you like.

And due to the former of news Review, we are constrained.

So let's go to a slide.

Now could you recap the vocabulary for us?

Please?

God, I could We had sputters, continues weekly Sham.

False fake old bogus constrain control or limit.

Thank you very much.

Now, if you'd like to test yourself, there's a quiz you can take on our website.

Don't forget, we're also all over social media And thank you very much for joining us on this news review.

We hope to see you next time.

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