I'm Dan and joining me today is Catherine.

Hi, Catherine.

Hello.

Damn.

Hello, everyone.

So what's our story today?

Today we're talking about the cost of climate change.

Okay, let's hear more from this.

BBC World Service News report, A study of how the world can adapt to climate change says the richest countries must invest billions of dollars to safeguard lively hoods, coastal cities, food and water supplies.

The analysis has called for investment in early warning systems for storms on high tides and climate resilient urban infrastructure.

So a study by the Global Commission on Adaptation that's consists of 34 leaders in politics, science and business.

Now they analyze the world in terms of climate change.

They want to find out how to make the world more climate change with resilient.

Their recommendations, they say, will cost $1.8 trillion on this has to come mostly from the rich countries.

The benefit will be around about these a $7 trillion.

Okay, We've got three words and expressions that our viewers can use to talk about this story.

What have we got for them, Catherine?

Yes, We have adopt gravely on dhe payoff.

Adapt gravely and pay off.

Okay, Can we have our first headline?

We can.

Let's go to BBC News.

The headline is Climate change.

Invest $1.8 trillion to attempt, adapt, change to fit the situation.

Very nice word.

It's very nice word.

A d a p t.

It's a vote BH The noun form is adaptation on.

The adjective is adaptable, so that would be abol for can so adaptable would be can yes, able to adapt Very nice.

I'm talking about the meaning.

If you adopt to something, you make a change in order to fit a situation that has also changed.

So it's based on the circumstances.

If you think about when you go on holiday or if you go to another town or city, everything's a little bit different, isn't it that people are different?

The food different Web raise where the shops are, everything's different and you have to kind of change the way you are.

If you have to start eating different food.

If you go to somewhere very hot, you have to drink a little bit more often.

You might have to change your clothing if you go somewhere very cold.

So you're changing because of a change in the situation around you.

In other words, you are adapting to your circumstances to make it more comfortable, more easy, more survivable.

Okay.

And this is something that obviously, I mean, if you believe in the theory of evolution, this is something that species do.

Is they adapt?

Absolutely.

They saying you get when it comes to evolution, is adapt or die.

So the theory of evolution says that animals adopted.

They changed physically what they ate, the way they look, that what they the way their bodies perform because off the circumstances around them changing.

So when when countries get hotter, animals change, maybe less for or they start eating different things in cold countries.

Yet you have polar bears and the white because of snow everywhere they've changed to suit their situation.

So they have adapted.

They have adapted their situation.

Good proposition that you adapt.

Two things are obviously these adaptations that we're talking about, they're quite physical but can Can we as humans can we adapt our behavior?

He can't adopt your behavior.

Yes, absolutely.

So if you start a new job, you might You know, you've got to get used to lots of different things that are happening now.

Get used to means learned to tolerate.

You just accept it.

You accept that things are different, but adapting is about changing your behavior or changing the things that you do so that you get your able to function effectively in that particular situation.

Kind of an active and passive difference, isn't it?

Yeah, I suppose it is.

You kind of let it happen.

But you don't mind it too much.

Yeah, You adapt.

Then you succeed.

You do things differently in order to succeed.

Yes, Very nice.

Thank you very much.

Right.

Let's move on to our second headline then, please.

Okay.

We're looking at the Guardian now.

World gravely unprepared for effects off climate crisis report.

Gravely.

Very seriously.

Okay, So I'm familiar with the word grave, which is a noun, and that's a hole where we put a dead body and bury it.

Yeah.

Is this anything to do with that?

No, it's not it might help you remember, but it's not related with eso gravely g r a v e l.

Why means very serious on?

We're talking super, super serious here.

We can use gravely to modify objectives.

So it's an advert.

It's an adverb.

If we put it in front of the wood Ill.

We have gravely ill, and that means very seriously ill.

Probably in terms of likely to die, you can be gravely wounded.

And again, this means that death is probable if you're gravely wounded.

Okay, um, we could also use it as an adverb of manner to talk about the way you do things so you can not gravely not move your head down.

Demonstrate, please.

Not gravely.

More gravely, you can speak gravely about something.

So if you'll say giving a serious talk about a particular situation like really serious, you can speak gravely, probably with a slow voice.

Serious face.

You speak very, especially in the topic of climate change.

Exactly.

Okay, People can suffer gravely on.

We have a lovely fixed phrase with the word grave G R a V E.

That's the adjective, right.

That's the objective.

Yes, on you can be in grave danger off something.

Okay.

So, obviously, like in great danger.

Very serious danger.

Yes.

Yes.

So if you're in grave danger of something, um, it means that something really bad is likely to happen.

So a country can be in grave danger off famine.

Um, and you could be in grave danger.

Off collapse.

The building, for example.

The world is in grave danger from destruction as a result of climate change.

Yes.

Grave danger.

Off destruction.

Very nice.

Thank you for the correction.

Let's move on to our third and final headline.

But before we do, this is not the only effort that people are making to combat climate change.

And we actually have many reports in one of our programs.

Lingo hack of the efforts that people are making to do something about the changing environment.

Isn't that right, Catherine?

It is right.

So for more vocabulary about climate change, click the link down there and you'll go to lingo hack.

Thanks a lot.

Right.

Let's have a look at our third and final headline, then.

Okay, We're going to the Washington Post now.

Experts say adapting to climate change can pay off manifold, payoff, succeed and bring benefits.

Now I see two little words.

There is this phrase over.

It is a phrase of Hoover's.

This word p a y second word O double F payoff.

If something pays off, it succeeds on it brings benefit.

Now, the idea of payoff also has the idea of effort.

Okay?

Or cost or expense.

So you doing something which is difficult, expensive?

You don't like it?

It's imagine you're revising for an exam Done so many hours vested into my exam.

Yeah, that's home.

Miserable Board is running around playing Frisbee.

I'm not allowed you missing your friend got her advice, but then the exam comes the results.

Come on.

You got a great day.

Who total that time that I invested into my exam Totally pay it off.

Paid off because that work gave you the result that you wanted.

A good result.

Positive results.

So in the context off this story, they're saying that the work now to prevent or mitigate climate change will have a benefit.

In the future, it will pay off.

There was 1.8 trillion in investment for seven or near seven trillion payout.

That's that's totally worth it.

Yeah.

Okay, And, of course, my teaching qualification.

Yes.

Long, Long, long, long time ago.

I took a teaching qualification just out of university.

Had no idea what I wanted to do.

And I decided, you know, I'll learn how to teach English.

And I went off and did.

And hey, you are 10 years later.

Here I am on BBC Learning English.

It pays off very nice, but we're talking about situations.

Yes, because we don't.

If we talk about paying off people, then it's different is very different.

If you pay off a person or you pay a person off, you give them money to not talk about something bad.

You did.

Okay, so we're talking corruption illegality?

Yes, Yes.

Don't confuse the two people.

Right.

Enough said about that.

Thank you very much.

Now, Katherine, could you recap the vocabulary, please?

I can.

We had adopt change to fit the situation gravely.

Very seriously.

On payoff.

Succeed, Aunt, Bring benefit.

Thank you very much.

Now, if you'd like to test yourself on any of this vocabulary, there is a quiz that you can take on our website that BBC learning english dot com.

I promise you it's worth the time, it will definitely pay off.

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And good bye.

Good bye.

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