30 of the world's leading scientists released the results

2019 年，人類收到一個警告：

of a massive three-year study into global agriculture

30 位世界頂尖科學家發佈了一項

and declared that meat production is destroying our planet

為期三年的全球農業研究結果，

and jeopardizing global health.

並聲明肉類生產正在摧毀地球，

One of the study's authors explained

以及危害全世界的健康。

that "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ...

其中一位研究者解釋說：

[This requires] nothing less than a new global agricultural revolution."

「人類現在對地球的穩定 構成了威脅……

As somebody who's spent the last two decades

這至少需要一場新的 全球農業革命。」

advocating a shift away from industrial meat production,

過去二十年來，

I wanted to believe that this clarion call was going to make a difference.

我主張禁吃肉製產品，

The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades.

我一直想相信這個號召 將會帶來一些改變。

Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature,"

但說實在的，數十年來 我看到這事重覆地不斷發生。

2017 from "Bioscience Journal,"

這是 2018 年的「自然」雜誌寫的。

2016 from the National Academy of Sciences.

（大量減少吃肉對避免破壞氣候 「至關重要」）

The main point of these studies tends to be climate change.

這是 2017 年 「生物科學期刊」寫的。

But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat.

（16000 科學家提出 關於地球健康的嚴重警告）

We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals.

2016 年美國國家科學院所提出的 （少吃肉對地球的重大影響）。

These antibiotics are then mutating into superbugs

這些研究的重點 通常是有關氣候變化，

that threaten to render antibiotics obsolete

但抗生素抗藥性同樣也是一大威脅。

within all of our lifetimes.

我們餵大量抗生素給農場的動物吃。

You want a scare?

而這些抗生素讓細菌 突變為超級細菌，

Google: "the end of working antibiotics."

牠們在我們有生之年 可能讓抗生素失效。

I'm going to get one thing out of the way:

你想知道一個恐怖的事嗎？

I am not here to tell anybody what to eat.

在谷歌搜尋： 「有效抗生素的末日。」

Individual action is great,

我要先說明一件事情：

but antibiotic resistance and climate change --

我不是來告訴大家要吃什麼。

they require more.

個別行動是好，

Besides, convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked.

但抗生素抗藥性和氣候變遷──

For 50 years, environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists

它們所需更多。

have been begging the public to eat less meat.

此外，說服大家少吃肉尚不見成效。

And yet, per capita meat consumption

50 年來，環保主義者、 全球健康專家和動物維護者

is as high as it's been in recorded history.

一直在懇求大眾少吃肉。

The average North American last year ate more than 200 pounds of meat.

然而，目前人均肉類消費量

And I didn't eat any.

是歷史記錄上最高的。

(Laughter)

去年每位北美人士 平均吃了 200 多磅肉，

Which means somebody out there ate 400 pounds of meat.

而我都沒吃。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

On our current trajectory,

這意謂著這裡 有人吃了 400 磅的肉。

we're going to need to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.

（笑聲）

This requires a global solution.

照這樣繼續下去，

What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that people love,

2050 年之前，我們就需要 增產 70％ 至 100％ 的肉，

but we need to produce it in a whole new way.

這需要一個全球解決方案。

I've got a couple of ideas.

我們要做的是 需要生產人們喜愛的肉，

Idea number one: let's grow meat from plants.

可是需以全新方式生產它。

Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals,

我有幾點想法。

and all of that inefficiency,

想法一：我們種植物來做肉。

let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them,

而不是種植物來餵動物，

let's make plant-based meat.

這些沒效率的過程。

Idea number two: for actual animal meat,

我們來種那些植物， 用它們來仿生肉，

let's grow it directly from cells.

作出植物肉。

Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cells directly.

想法二：對於真正的動物肉，

It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight.

我們直接用細胞培育。

Grow the cells directly, you can get that same growth

直接培養細胞， 不要養活生生的動物。

in six days.

將雞養到可屠宰的大小需要六週；

This is what that looks like at scale.

直接培養細胞，

It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.

在六天內就可達到同樣的大小。

(Laughter)

真正看起來就是這樣子，

I want to make two points about this.

這就是你家附近的肉類釀製廠。

The first one is, we believe we can do it.

（笑聲）

In recent years, some companies have been producing meat from plants

我想對此提出兩點重點。

that consumers cannot distinguish from actual animal meat,

第一是：我們相信我們可以做到。

and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meat

近年來，一些公司用植物製造肉品，

directly from cells.

消費者無法與真正肉類作分辨，

This plant-based and cell-based meat

現在有數十家公司 直接用細胞培育真的動物肉。

gives consumers everything that they love about meat --

植物肉和細胞肉

the taste, the texture and so on --

可提供消費者對肉類喜歡的東西──

but with no need for antibiotics

味道、質地等等，

and with a fraction of the adverse impact on the climate.

但不需要抗生素，

And because these two technologies are so much more efficient,

且只會對氣候有少許的負面影響。

at production scale

因為這兩種技術效率更高，

these products will be cheaper.

如果大規模生產，

But one quick point about that --

產品會更便宜。

it's not going to be easy.

但還有一點──

These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes on their burgers,

這並不容易。

and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all.

這些做植物肉的公司 已經在他們的漢堡上投資了不少錢，

So we're going to need all hands on deck

而細胞肉都還未商業化。

to make these the global meat industry.

因此，我們需要共同合作

For starters, we need the present meat industry.

以使它成為全球肉類產業。

We don't want to disrupt the meat industry,

首先，我們還是需要目前的肉類產業。

we want to transform it.

我們不想破壞肉類產業，

We need their economies of scale,

我們希望改變它。

their global supply chain, their marketing expertise

我們需要他們的經濟規模、

and their massive consumer base.

全球供應鏈、營銷專業知識

We also need governments.

和他們廣大的消費群。

Governments spend tens of billions of dollars every single year

我們還需要政府。

on research and development

政府每年花數百億美元，

focused on global health and the environment.

專注於全球健康 和環境的研究與發展上。

They should be putting some of that money into optimizing and perfecting

他們應該提撥部分資金， 用於優化和完善

the production of plant-based and cell-based meat.

植物肉和細胞肉的製造。

Look, tens of thousands of people died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs

瞧！僅僅去年，北美就有數萬人

in North America just last year.

死於抗生素抗藥性的超級細菌。

By 2050, that number is going to be 10 million per year globally.

到 2050 年，全球將會有 每年 1000 萬人死於此。

And climate change represents an existential threat

氣候變遷對全球大部分家庭 構成了生存威脅，

to huge portions of our global family,

包括世界上一些最貧窮的人。

including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.

氣候變遷、抗生素抗藥性── 這些都是全球性緊急事件。

Climate change, antibiotic resistance -- these are global emergencies.

肉類製造正在全球加劇這些緊急情況。

Meat production is exacerbating these emergencies on a global scale.

但我們並不會減少肉類消耗量，

But we are not going to decrease meat consumption

除非我們給消費者

unless we give consumers alternatives

一些同樣價錢或比較便宜 且口味相同或更好的替代品。

that cost the same or less and that taste the same or better.

我們有解決方案。

We have the solution.

我們用植物製作肉， 我們直接用細胞培育。

Let's make meat from plants. Let's grow it directly from cells.

我們已經應該要動員，

It's past time that we mobilize the resources that are necessary

創造下一個全球農業革命 所必需的資源了。

to create the next global agricultural revolution.

謝謝。

Thank you.

（掌聲）

(Applause)