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There's a reason that summers in the city are so hot.
夏季時城市之所以那麼熱是有原因的。
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And it's probably easiest to explain why with thermal vision.
最簡單的解釋方法是利用熱成像。
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It shows the heat all around me and also the coldness of this ice cream cone.
它顯示出我周遭的熱度,還有這支冰淇淋甜筒的冰冷。
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Cities are often hotter than their suburbs due to a phenomenon known as the heat island effect.
城市之所以比郊區炎熱,是因為一個稱作「熱島效應」的現象。
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All of that asphalt, concrete, dark rooftops and tall buildings, they absorb and store heat.
城市裡那堆柏油、水泥、暗色屋頂和高樓都會吸收並儲存熱度。
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And there are a lot of people using a lot of energy—driving cars, riding subways, running the AC.
並且有很多人都在使用大量能源—開車、搭地鐵、吹冷氣。
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All of these materials and activities either create or retain heat.
這些材質與活動要不是製造熱源,就是儲存熱度。
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And all that stored heat causes steeper nighttime highs when people would otherwise have a chance to cool down.
而所有積聚下來的熱在夜間造成溫度高峰——人們原本能有機會冷卻下來的。
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The way all these heat-storing elements are laid out matters quite a bit.
這些元件本身儲存熱以外,它們如何分布也有關係。
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In cities laid out in grids, like Phoenix, Chicago, or Washington, D.C., the buildings are closer together, like closely packed coals in a fire, keeping heat in.
在棋盤式規劃的城市裡,像是鳳凰城、芝加哥、華盛頓特區,建築物彼此更靠近,就像火堆裡緊密相連的煤炭一樣把熱鎖在內部。
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More space between buildings creates more circulation.
建築之間若有更多空間,就能促進空氣流通。
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Another way to combat this heat island effect is through green space.
另一個避免熱島效應的方法是透過綠色空間。
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Parks, trees, plants, they don't absorb as much heat.
公園、樹木、植物,這些都沒有那麼吸熱。
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They actually send water back into the atmosphere.
事實上它們還會將水分送回大氣層。
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Between all those hot buildings, that cools things off.
在炎熱建築之間把溫度降低。
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Another solution is color.
另一個解決辦法是顏色。
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Light colors reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere instead of storing it as heat.
淺色系將陽光反射回大氣層,不會保留熱度。
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It's easiest to see in crosswalks, and it's true for the color of buildings and other urban surfaces, too.
斑馬線是個很明顯的例子,建築物和其他都市表層的顏色亦同。
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And one long-game way to combat the heat island effect is to avoid using air conditioning when you don't need it.
另一項打擊熱島效應的長遠辦法則是在不需要的時候,盡量避免使用冷氣。
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AC uses a ton of electricity and creates a feedback loop.
冷氣消耗大量電力,還會製造出一個回饋循環。
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When we get that electricity from coal or natural gas, that puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which warms the planet making cities even hotter.
當我們以煤炭或天然氣產生電能,那會排放更多二氧化碳至大氣層,暖化地球、使城市更炎熱。
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But this isn't just about comfort.
但這不僅關係到我們的舒適感受。
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Today, heat waves kill more people than any other extreme weather event.
今天比起其他極端氣候現象,熱浪造成的死亡數最高。
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More than tornadoes, hurricanes and even floods.
比龍捲風、颶風,甚至水災都還多。
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City populations keep growing, and those cities are only getting hotter.
城市人口數不斷增加,那些城市只會越來越熱。
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This is Let's Talk, NPR's news explainer show.
您收看的是 Let's Talk 節目,全國公共廣播電台 (NPR) 的新聞解析節目。
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Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel and check out other shows.
記得要訂閱我們的 YouTube 頻道,也別忘了看看其他節目。
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I'm Christopher Joyce, and this is NPR.
我是 Christopher Joyce,這裡是全國公共廣播電台。