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Visible from space,
從太空就可看見
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the Okavango Delta
歐卡萬哥三角洲,
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is Africa's largest remaining intact wetland wilderness.
它是非洲剩下最大 且未受損的濕地荒野。
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This shining delta in landlocked Botswana is the jewel of the Kalahari,
這塊位在內陸波札那的閃耀三角洲,
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more valuable than diamonds through the world's largest diamond producer
是喀拉哈里的珠寶,
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and celebrated in 2014
比世界上最大的鑽石製造商 所做的鑽石還有價值,
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as our planet's 1000th UNESCO World Heritage Site.
在 2014 年,它有榮幸
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Now, what you see here are the two major tributaries,
被聯合國教科文組織列為 地球上的第一千個世界遺產。
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the Cuito and the Cubango,
畫面上的是兩條主要的支流,
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disappearing up north into the little-known Angolan highlands.
奎托河和古班哥河,
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This is the largest undeveloped river basin on the planet,
於北方消失在很少人 知道的安哥拉高地中。
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spanning an area larger than California.
這是地球上最大的未開發江河流域,
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These vast, undeveloped Angolan watersheds were frozen in time
橫跨的範圍比加州還大。
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by 27 years of civil war.
這些廣大、未開發的安哥拉流域,
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In fact, Africa's largest tank battle since World War II
被 27 年的內戰凍結。
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was fought over a bridge crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
事實上,二次大戰之後 非洲最大的坦克戰役地點就在
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There on the right,
歐卡萬哥三角洲 一座跨越奎托河的橋上。
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disappearing off into the unknown,
在右手邊,
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into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
消失在未知當中,
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the land at the end of the earth,
消失在「Terra do fim do mundo」中——
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as it was known by the first Portuguese explorers.
即:地球末端之地,
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In 2001, at the age of 22,
這是最初的葡萄牙探險家 給它起的名字。
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I took a job as head of housekeeping at Vundumtiki Camp
2001 年,22 歲時,
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in the Okavango Delta ...
我接下了伏杜姆提奇 營地的總務長一職,
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a patchwork mosaic of channels, floodplains, lagoons
營地位在歐卡萬哥三角洲……
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and thousands upon thousands of islands to explore.
這個地方就像是由水道、 泛濫平原、潟湖拼湊而成,
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Home to the largest remaining population of elephants on the planet.
還有數千座島嶼有待探索。
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Rhinos are airlifted in C130s to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
地球上所剩的大象, 大多居住在這個地方。
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Lion,
犀牛則被用 C130 運輸機 空運來這片荒野尋找保護區。
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leopard,
獅子、
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hyena,
黑豹、
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wild dog,
土狼、
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cheetah,
野狗、
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ancient baobab trees that stand like cathedrals
印度豹、
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under the Milky Way.
古老的猴麵包樹,就像大教堂一樣,
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Here, I discovered something obvious:
坐落在銀河之下。
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wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
在這裡,我發現了一件很明顯的事:
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We need these last wild places to reconnect with who we really are.
荒野也是我們天然的居住地。
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We --
我們需要這些最後的野外地區, 來重新連結我們的本質。
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all seven billion of us --
我們——
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must never forget we are a biological species
所有七十億人類——
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forever bound to this particular biological world.
永遠不能忘記我們是一種生物物種,
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Like the waves connected to the ocean,
永遠和這個特殊的 生物世界連結在一起。
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we cannot exist apart from it --
就像海浪和海洋連結在一起,
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a constant flow of atoms and energy between individuals and species
沒有它,我們不可能存在——
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around the world in a day
一天中,在全世界, 在個人和物種之間,
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and out into the cosmos.
源源不絕的原子與能量流,
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Our fates are forever connected to the millions of species
向外流入宇宙。
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we rely on directly and indirectly every day.
我們的命運永遠 和數百萬物種連結在一起,
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Four years ago,
我們每天直接和間接地 仰賴著這些物種。
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it was declared that 50 percent of all wildlife around the world
四年前,
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had disappeared in just 40 years.
宣佈的數字是,
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This is a mass drowning of 15,000 wildebeests
在僅僅 40 年間全世界 就有 50% 的野生生物消失。
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that I witnessed in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
這是 15,000 隻牛羚 集體溺水的景像,
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This is definitely our fault.
是兩年前我在馬賽馬拉親眼見到的。
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By 2020, global wildlife populations are projected to have fallen
這絕對是我們的錯。
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by a staggering two-thirds.
到 2020 年, 全球的野生生物數量
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We are the sixth extinction
預測會大大下降三分之二。
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because we left no safe space for millions of species
我們是第六次大滅絕,
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to sustainably coexist.
因為我們沒有留下任何安全空間
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Now, since 2010, I have poled myself eight times across the Okavango Delta
給數百萬物種永續共存。
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to conduct detailed scientific surveys
從 2010 年起,我已經進入 歐卡萬哥三角洲各地共八次了,
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along a 200-mile, 18-day research transect.
去進行細節的科學調查,
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Now, why am I doing this?
那是一項 18 天 橫越 200 英哩的研究。
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Why am I risking my life each year?
我為何要這麼做?
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I'm doing this because we need this information
我為何每年要冒生命危險?
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to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
我這麼做是因為 我們需要這些資訊,
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before upstream development happens.
才能夠在上游被開發前,
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These are the Wayeyi river bushmen, the people of the Okavango Delta.
研究這塊幾乎未受污染的荒野。
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They have taught me all I know about the Mother Okavango --
這些是瓦葉伊河流叢林地的居民, 歐卡萬哥三角洲人。
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about presence in the wild.
我對於歐卡萬哥母親的所知, 都是他們教的——
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Our shared pilgrimage across the Okavango Delta each year
關於在荒野的生存。
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in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
每年,我們都會旅行 穿過歐卡萬哥三角洲,
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remembers millenia living in the wild.
乘坐莫科洛舟或是獨木舟——
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Ten thousand years ago,
想起住在荒野的那數千年。
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our entire world was wilderness.
一萬年前,
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Today, wilderness is all that remains of that world, now gone.
整個世界都是荒野。
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Ten thousand years ago, we were as we are today:
現今,那個世界不在了, 野外是它僅存下來的部分。
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a modern, dreaming intelligence unlike anything seen before.
一萬年前,我們就像現今一樣:
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Living in the wilderness is what taught us to speak,
前所未見的現代化、 會夢想的智慧生物。
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to seek technologies like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
因為居住在荒野, 我們才學會說話,
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medicine and poison,
學會尋求技術,像是 生火、石頭、弓箭、
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to domesticate plants and animals
藥品,和毒物,
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and rely on each other and all living things around us.
馴養動物,種植植物,
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We are these last wildernesses --
依靠彼此以及我們周圍的所有生物。
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every one of us.
我們是最後的荒野——
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Over 80 percent of our planet's land surface
我們每一個人。
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is now experiencing measurable human impact:
地球陸地表面有超過 80%
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habitat destruction
現在正受到重大的人類影響:
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and illegal wildlife trade are decimating global wildlife populations.
摧毀棲息地
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We urgently need to create safe space for these wild animals.
及非法野生生物貿易 都讓全球的野生生物數量大減。
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So in late 2014,
我們非常急需要為這些野生動物 創造出安全的空間。
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we launched an ambitious project to do just that:
所以,2014 年後期,
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explore and protect.
我們發動了一項計畫, 為的就是這個目的:
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By mid-May 2015,
探索和保護。
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we had pioneered access through active minefields
到了 2015 年五月中,
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to the undocumented source lake of the Cuito River --
我們以先鋒之姿, 穿過了活躍的雷區,
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this otherworldly place;
進入到文件沒有記載的 奎托河源頭湖泊——
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an ancient, untouched wilderness.
它是個超脫世俗的地方;
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By the 21st of May,
古老,維持原樣的荒野。
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we had launched the Okavango megatransect ...
五月 21 日,
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in seven dugout canoes;
我們開始了歐卡萬哥大橫越——
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1,500 miles, 121 days later,
搭乘七艘獨木舟;
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all of the poling, paddling and intensive research
經過 121 天,行經 1,500 英哩路,
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got us across the entire river basin to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
所有這些努力、划船、密集研究,
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480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
讓我們得以穿過整個河流流域, 到達喀拉哈里沙漠的達烏湖,
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My entire world became the water:
比歐卡萬哥三角洲 還要再多走 480 公里。
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every ripple, eddy, lily pad and current ...
我的整個世界變成了水世界:
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any sign of danger,
每一個漣漪、渦流、 睡蓮的漂浮葉、水流……
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every sign of life.
任何危險的徵兆,
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Now imagine millions of sweat bees choking the air around you,
所有生命的徵兆。
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flesh-eating bacteria,
現在,想像一下,數百萬隻蜜蜂 塞滿你周圍的空氣,
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the constant threat of a landmine going off
吃肉的細菌,
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or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
隨時有地雷可能爆炸的威脅,
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These are the scenes moments after a hippo did just that --
或是看不見的犀牛 會推翻你的莫科洛舟。
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thrusting its tusks through the hull of my boat.
這些景象就是犀牛 這麼做了之後的情況——
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You can see the two holes --
犀牛角刺穿了我的船身。
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puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
你們可以看見兩個洞——
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absolutely terrifying
船身底部被打了兩個洞——
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and completely my fault.
非常嚇人,
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(Laughter)
且完全是我的錯。
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Many, many portages,
(笑聲)
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tree blockages and capsizes in rocky rapids.
許多許多的搬運,
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You're living on rice and beans,
數次被樹木阻擋, 在多岩石的急流中數次翻覆。
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bathing in a bucket of cold water
平常維生的食物只有米和豆類,
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and paddling a marathon six to eight hours every single day.
洗澡要用一筒冷水來洗,
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After 121 days of this,
每天都是划船馬拉松, 要划上六到八小時。
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I'd forgotten the PIN numbers to my bank accounts
這樣過了 121 天之後,
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and logins for social media --
我已經忘了我的銀行帳戶密碼
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a complete systems reboot.
及登入社交媒體的密碼了——
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You ask me now if I miss it,
完完全全重新開機。
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and I will tell you I am still there.
現在問我是否會懷念它,
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Now why do we need to save places we hardly ever go?
我會告訴你,我仍然在那裡。
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Why do we need to save places
為什麼我們要去拯救 我們幾乎不可能去的地方?
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where you have to risk your life to be there?
要去那些地方還要冒生命危險,
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Now, I'm not a religious or particularly spiritual person,
為什麼還要去拯救它們?
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but in the wild,
我沒有宗教信仰, 也不是特別有靈性的人,
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I believe I've experienced the birthplace of religion.
但在荒野,
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Standing in front of an elephant far away from anywhere
我相信我體驗到了宗教的發源地。
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is the closest I will ever get to God.
非常近距離站在大象前面,
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Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
這是我和上帝最近的距離。
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the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
摩西、佛陀、穆罕默德、耶穌、
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all went into the wilderness --
印度導師、先知,和神秘主義者,
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up into the mountains, into the desert,
都進入到了荒野——
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to sit quietly and listen for those secrets
上到了山中,進到了沙漠中,
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that were to guide their societies for millennia.
靜靜地坐著,傾聽那些數千年來
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I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
引導著他們社會的秘密。
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You must join me one day.
我乘著我的莫科洛舟 進入歐卡萬哥。
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Over 50 percent of the remaining wilderness is unprotected.
你一定要找個時間加入我。
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A huge opportunity --
剩下的荒野,有超過 50% 都未受到保護。
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a chance for us all.
一個很大的機會——
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We need to act with great urgency.
給我們所有人的機會。
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Since the 2015 megatransect,
我們需要立即行動。
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we have explored all major rivers of the Okavango River basin,
從 2015 年的大橫越起,
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covering a life-changing 4,000 miles of detailed research transects
我們就探索了歐卡萬哥 河流流域的所有主要河流,
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on our dugout canoes
為了詳盡研究所橫越的 4,000 英哩路改變了我的人生, ,
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and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
我們靠的是獨頁舟,
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We now have 57 top scientists
以及寬胎的越野摩托車。
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rediscovering what we call the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
現在我們有 57 名頂尖科學家,
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this vast, post-war wilderness with undocumented source lakes,
在重新發現我們所謂的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔——
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unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's largest remaining Miombo woodland.
它是片廣大、戰後的荒野, 剩下的米揚博林地中最大的部分,
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We've now discovered 24 new species to science
非洲剩下的米揚博林地中, 沒有名稱的瀑布。
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and hundreds of species not known to be there.
我們現在發現了 24 種新物種,
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This year, we start the process, with the Angolan government,
及以前不知道會出現 在那裡的數百種物種,
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to establish one of the largest systems of protected areas in the world
今年,我們開始了一個流程, 和安哥拉政府合作,
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to preserve the Okavango-Zambezi water tower
為世界保護區域 建立最大的系統之一,
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we have been exploring.
來保存我們一直在探索的 歐卡萬哥尚比西河水塔。
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Downstream, this represents water security for millions of people
這就表示,在下游數百萬人的 水資源安全能受保障,
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and more than half of the elephants remaining on this planet.
還能保護一半以上 地球上所剩的大象。
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There is no doubt this is the biggest conservation opportunity in Africa
無疑地,這是數十年來
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in decades.
非洲最大的保育機會。
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Over the next 10 to 15 years,
在接下來的十到十五年,
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we need to make an unprecedented investment
我們得要做一項前所未有的投資,
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in the preservation of wilderness around the world.
投資全世界的荒野保育。
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To me,
對我來說,
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preserving wilderness is far more than simply protecting ecosystems
保育荒野絕對不只是 單單保育生態系統,
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that clean the water we drink and create the air we breathe.
清理我們的飲用水, 創造我們呼吸的空氣。
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Preserving wilderness protects our basic human right to be wild --
保育荒野是在保護我們的 基本野生人權——
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our basic human rights to explore.
去探索的基本人權。
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Thank you.
謝謝。
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(Applause)
(掌聲)