English. I'm Rob.

英語。我是羅布

Neil: And I' m Neil.

尼爾：而我&#39；米尼爾。

Rob: Now Neil, can you remember the first

現在，尼爾，你還記得第一件事嗎？

time you ever used the World Wide Web

在你使用過網際網路的時候

or as we often call it, the internet,

也就是我們常說的互聯網。

and what you used it for?

你用它做什麼？

Neil: Oh that's a good question. I do

尼爾：哦，這&#39；是個好問題。我確實

remember. And nothing really changes

記得。沒有什麼真正的改變

does it? Because I looked up pictures of

是嗎？因為我查了一下圖片

cats!

貓！

Rob: Cats! Very useful, anyway do you

搶：貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓！貓非常有用，反正你

think the internet has generally been

認為互聯網總體上已經

positive or negative for the world?

對世界來說是積極還是消極？

Neil: Wow, that's a big question. A huge

尼爾：哇，這是個大問題。一個巨大的

question. I don't know if I can answer that.

這個問題，我不知道能不能回答。我不知道我能否回答這個問題。

Rob: Well one person who perhaps can

羅伯：好吧，有一個人或許可以

answer it, is the man who invented it -

回答它的人，是發明它的人--。

British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee.

英國計算機科學家蒂姆-伯納斯-李。

We'll find out what he thinks has

我們會發現他認為有

become of his 'child' shortly but before

前不久，他的 "孩子 "就成了

that, a question for you all.

那，一個問題要問大家。

When did Berners-Lee first suggest the

Berners-Lee是什麼時候首次提出

idea for what would become the World

的想法。

Wide Web? Was it?

廣域網？是嗎？

a) 1985, b) 1989, c) 1991.

(a) 1985年，(b) 1989年，(c) 1991年；

Neil: Tricky but I think it's earlier than

尼爾：很棘手，但我認為它的時間比

people think so I'm going to go for 1985.

大家都這麼想，我就選1985年。

Rob: Well that was a long time ago but

羅伯：嗯，那是很久以前的事了，但。

we'll reveal the answer a little later in the

我們將在稍後揭曉答案。

programme. I think it's true to say that the

方案。我想說，這是真的。

internet has been one of, if not the most

互聯網一直是一個，如果不是最

important technological developments

重要技術發展

perhaps of all time. Would you agree Neil?

也許是所有時間的。你同意嗎，尼爾？

Neil: Well it's hard to imagine living

很難想象生活在這樣的環境中。

without it. Not impossible, but not nearly

沒有它。不是不可能，但也不是差不多

as convenient.

因為方便。

Rob: These days we take the internet for

羅伯：這些天，我們把互聯網的

granted. We share our lives on social

授予。我們在社會上分享我們的生活

media and not just with friends and

媒體，而不僅僅是與朋友和

family. And that isn't always a positive

家庭。而這並不總是一個積極的

thing according to the father of the

父之所為

internet, Tim Berners-Lee. In a recent

互聯網，蒂姆-伯納斯-李。在最近的一次

BBC Tech Tent programme he talked

BBC技術帳篷節目中，他談到

about his concerns with the internet and

關於他對互聯網和

particularly the companies that control its

特別是控制它的公司

information. Companies which he calls

資訊。他所說的公司

'internet giants'. What does he say he

'互聯網巨頭'。他說他

thought these companies had to do?

以為這些公司必須要做？

Tim Berners-Lee: Initially I felt the main

蒂姆-伯納斯-李：最初我覺得主要是

thing an internet giant had to do was just

一個互聯網巨頭要做的事情就是

to be neutral, just be a platform and

要保持中立，只是做一個平臺和

humanity, once connected by

人類，一旦被

technology, will do wonderful things. And

技術，會有精彩的表現。而

clearly it doesn't work like that. If you

顯然，它不'這樣的工作。如果你

connect humanity via Wikipedia then they

通過維基百科連接人類，那麼他們

do produce, in general, wonderful things.

總的來說，確實產生了奇妙的事情。

If you connect people by social network

如果你通過社交網絡連接人們

where they have anonymity, then it can

在他們有匿名性的地方，那麼它可以。

bring out the very nastiest of people.

把最討厭的人帶出來。

Rob: So what did he say he thought these

羅伯：所以他說他認為這些。

internet giants had to do?

互聯網巨頭不得不做？

Neil: He said that he thought initially, that

尼爾：他說，他最初認為。

they just had to be neutral. Initially means

他們只是不得不保持中立。最初是指

'at first', 'in the beginning' and it also

'一開始'，'一開始'，它也是

suggests that later he changed his mind.

說明後來他改變了主意。

Anyway, he said that he thought they just

無論如何，他說，他認為他們只是

had to be neutral. Neutral here means

必須是中性的。中立在這裡的意思是

that they didn't need to do anything, they

他們不需要做任何事情，他們。

didn't need to control the internet or

不需要控制互聯網或

information. He thought it would be a tool

資訊，他認為這將是一個工具。他認為這將是一個工具

to connect people and ideas and information

連接人、思想和資訊

and it would be wonderful.

這將是美好的。

Rob: But it's not all good, is it?

搶：但也不全是好事吧？

Neil: No. He does say that giving people

尼爾：不，他確實說過，給人以

access to sources of information is

獲得資訊來源的機會

generally a good thing but that when it

一般來說，這是一件好事，但當它

comes to social networks,

到了社交網絡。

social media, people have anonymity.

社交媒體，人們有匿名性。

Rob: Anonymity?

搶。匿名？

Neil: Yes. It means that on the internet

尼爾：是的。這意味著，在互聯網上

people can hide their true identity or

人可以隱藏自己的真實身份或

personality. Some people write things that

個性。有些人寫的東西

they would never say to someone in

他們絕不會對人說

person because they think there

人，因為他們認為有

will be no consequences. Berners-Lee

將不會有任何後果。伯納利

says anonymity can bring out the nastiest

說匿名可以帶來最惡劣的。

side of people. People saying horrible and

人的一面。人們說可怕的和

terrible things to each other.

彼此之間的可怕事情。

Rob: Berners-Lee does have some

Rob: Berners-Lee確實有一些

suggestions for how this could be

的建議

changed. how this could be changed. And

如何改變這種情況。而

it's based on the idea of likes and shares,

它是基於喜歡和分享的想法。

which he calls kudos. What's his suggestion?

他稱其為 "kudos"。他有什麼建議？

Tim Berners-Lee: The different social

蒂姆-伯納斯-李：不同的社會

networks and different platforms are

網絡和不同的平臺是

in different situations and in some cases

在不同情況下，在某些情況下

they have acknowledged there

他們已經承認有

is an issue. I think they realise that the

是一個問題。我認為他們意識到

issue could perhaps be hugely ameliorated by

這個問題或許可以通過以下方式得到極大的改善。

tweaking the way the thing works by

通過調整事情的工作方式

changing the way retweets are

改變轉發方式

propagated or changing the way

傳播或改變方式

people get kudos - give them more kudos

民以食為天

for being constructive for example.

例如，因為是建設性的。

Rob: So how does he think companies

搶：那麼他認為公司如何

could address the problem?

可以解決這個問題？

Neil: Well, he says that some of the social

尼爾：嗯，他說，一些社會的

networks have agreed that there is a

網絡已經同意，有一個

problem and they know what could

問題，他們知道什麼可以

improve it.

改善它。

Rob: He didn't use the word improve

羅伯：他沒有用改善這個詞。

though, did he?

不過，他有沒有？

Neil: No he actually used the rather formal

尼爾：不，他其實用的是比較正式的。

verb ameliorate, which means 'to improve

動詞 ameliorate，意思是'改善。

or make something better'.

或做出更好的東西'。

Rob: So how does he suggest the

羅伯：那麼他是如何建議的呢？

problem could be ameliorated?

問題可以得到改善？

Neil: By tweaking the way in which people

尼爾：通過調整人們的生活方式。

give or receive kudos. Tweaking means

賜予或接受讚譽。微調是指

'making a small change to the way

＆#39;做一個小小的改變的方式。

something works'. Much of what

東西的作用'。大部分的

happens on the internet is driven by

互聯網上發生的事情是由

our desire to get likes and shares – this

我們渴望得到喜歡和分享--這

is the kudos that Berners-Lee talks about.

就是伯納斯-李所說的嘉獎。

He feels that tweaking this could lead to

他認為，調整這一點可以導致。

a better experience. For example, getting

更好的體驗。例如，獲得

more kudos for constructive or positive actions.

多為建設性或積極的行動點贊。

Rob: Mmm, interesting – but I wonder

羅伯：嗯，有趣--但我想知道

who would decide if something is

誰來決定什麼是

constructive?

建設性的？

Neil: Well that's another big question for

尼爾：好吧，這又是一個大問題。

another day, I guess.

改天吧，我想。

Rob: For now though, let's have the

羅伯：不過現在，讓我們來看看。

answer to our small question. In what

回答我們的小問題。在什麼情況下？

year did Berners-Lee present the idea for

伯納斯-李是在哪一年提出的？

what would become the World Wide Web?

什麼會成為網際網路？

The options were a) 1985,

這些選擇是：(a) 1985年；

b)1989 or c) 1991. It was in fact 1989.

b)1989年或c)1991年。實際上是1989年。

Now before we go let's have a quick recap

現在，在我們去之前，讓我們有一個快速的總結's。

of today's vocabulary.

的今天的詞彙。

Neil: Initially – means 'at first - in the

尼爾：Initially--意思是 "一開始--在"。

beginning'. Then we had neutral.

開始'。然後我們就有了中性。

Rob: In this case it meant 'not controlling'

羅伯：在這種情況下，它的意思是 "不控制"。

or 'not taking any action to control'.

或'不採取任何行動加以控制'。

Neil: Then there was the noun anonymity

尼爾：然後是名詞匿名性。

which is the state of having a hidden

這是一種隱性的

identity or personality.

身份或個性。

Rob: Next, to ameliorate a situation is to

羅伯：接下來，改善一個情況就是要

make it better.

使之更好。

Neil: To tweak something is to make a

尼爾：調整某件事情，就是要做一個。

small change to the way something

點睛之筆

works.

作品。

Rob: And then we had kudos. Kudos is

羅伯：然後我們還有kudos。Kudos是

praise and appreciation for something

褒獎

you've done.

你已經做了。

Neil: Well kudos to you Rob for today's

尼爾：好吧，為你今天的Rob點贊。

programme. Thank you very much.

節目。非常感謝你。

Rob: Well, thank you Neil and thank you

羅伯：嗯，謝謝你尼爾，謝謝你。

everyone for listening. That's all we have

大家都在聽。就這樣吧

time for today

今天的時間

but you can, find us on Facebook,

但你可以，在Facebook上找到我們。

Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and of course

Twitter、Instagram和YouTube，當然還有

our website bbclearningenglish.com! Bye for now.

我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com!暫時再見。

Neil: Thanks for joining us and goodbye.

尼爾：謝謝你加入我們，再見。