字幕列表 影片播放
-
With devastating hurricanes, refugee crisis
摧毀性的颶風、難民危機
-
and the real possibility of nuclear war. It can sometimes
還有極可能發生的核戰,有時候
-
feel like the end is near. But what are the biggest threats
會覺得末日近了;然而,什麼是對人類
-
to humanity and is there anything we can do to stop them?
最大的威脅,我們該採取甚麼行動阻止這一切的發生呢 ?
-
Experts all over the world from the Global Challenges Foundation
位於斯德哥爾摩全球挑戰基金會的專家們
-
in Stockholm and the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
以及劍橋大學的既有危機研究
-
at the University of Cambridge consider this question yearly
每年研究此議題
-
using scientific research. Some risks lay
並使用科學研究數據。部分危機
-
millions of years into the future like gamma-ray burst
遺臭萬年,像是由星際爆炸所產生的
-
caused by a star explosion which would destroy our
γ 射線 (伽瑪射線),破壞臭氧層
-
ozone layer or even the over expansion or
甚至是向外層擴張
-
collapse of the entire universe. Closer to home
還有整個宇宙的瓦解。我們居住的藍星
-
we have our sun which will eventually become a red giant as it ages
有隨著它老化而變成紅色巨星的太陽
-
and engulf the entire planet
並吞噬整個太陽系的行星
-
but even that isn't for another 5 billion years.
但這會是 50 億年後的事了
-
More imminent is an asteroid large enough to
較迫切的是小行星,大到足以
-
create a global catastrophe which is estimated to occur
造成大災難
-
every 120,000 years. While none are currently
每 12 萬年會發生一次,而目前為止
-
expected to hit earth soon existing data is incomplete
沒有顯示任何隕石即將來臨,因為相關數據不足
-
with a worldwide effort underway to
全世界仍致力於
-
to search the skies. Should it happen
天際的研究;要是真的發生
-
it could create a global cooling event like the ice age.
會讓全球進入冰河時期
-
But even smaller asteroids could have a significant impact
就算是小行星,也會對大自然和人類生態系統
-
on both natural and human ecosystems too.
帶來相當的衝擊
-
An even closer possibility is the super volcano
更有可能的是超級火山的爆發
-
the devastation in Pompeii from Mount Vesuvius released around
維蘇威火山爆發釋放出約 4 平方公里的岩漿
-
4 km cubic of magma but the super volcanos
化龐貝城為廢墟;而超級火山的影響
-
can release more than 500 km cubic.
威力達 500 平方公里
-
The real worry from this worldwide is
另世界各地堪憂的是
-
the ash cloud which would block out the sunlight, cooling the globe
火山灰阻擋了陽光,冷卻大地
-
and crippling agriculture. The last known eruption occurred
使農業被荒廢。上次為人所知的是
-
around 25.000 years ago in New Zealand and
2 萬 5 千年前於紐西蘭的火山爆發
-
researchers predict they occur every 30.000 to 50.000 years.
研究員預測每 3 萬到 5 萬年會發生
-
Scientists are currently monitoring Yellowstone
科學家正監測位於美國的黃石 (國家公園)
-
in the US as a future potential site. But not
做為未來的預測基準;然而
-
all of our threats are natural. Overpopulation can
並非所有的威脅源自於自然因素。人口過剩
-
outstrip Earth's capacity to produce food
超過地球糧食以及
-
and other resources. And amplify the threat of infectious
其他自然資源的供應。高密度人口擴大了
-
pandemics due to high densities. Perhaps with bioengineered
流行傳染疾病的速度,或許伴隨著
-
diseases. Conversely evidence is
生物工程的疾病;相對地
-
already pointing to declining fertility rates.
證據已經顯示生育率正在衰退中
-
Will we see the human population gradually die off
我們是否會看見人類因為生育率低
-
from lack of births? Or will climate change beat this concern?
而逐漸滅絕呢 ? 抑或者是氣候變遷議題捷足先登 ?
-
A rise of 3 degrees Celsius would be incredibly
攝氏升溫三度 C 足以實質地
-
significant with most of Florida and Bangladesh underwater.
影響佛羅里達州以及水鄉澤國孟加拉
-
While several coastal cities would become swamped.
海岸城市將會被淹沒
-
On top of this longer and more damaging wild fire seasons,
野火季時間的延長與造成的災害
-
more destructive hurricanes, heat waves, food insecurity
摧毀性的颶風、熱浪、糧食短缺與
-
and drought. All of which can impact and amplify
乾旱,所有帶來的影響加大
-
incidents of violence with. Nations already suffering
暴力事件的衍生。受缺水
-
from water and climate conditions which ultimately
與氣候變遷所苦國家
-
impacted deteriorating economic conditions.
禍不單行,拖累經濟發展
-
Then, there is nuclear war. Tensions over North Korea have brought this conflict to the forefront.
接著,還有核戰。北韓情勢緊張,衝突升溫
-
With over 7000 known warheads between Russia and the US.
美俄之間超過 7000 座彈頭
-
And nukes within the UK, France
英、法、中、印度、巴基斯坦、以色列和北韓
-
China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea.
境內的核武
-
The doomsday clock created by the
原子科學家的
-
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists represents the likeliness of a
末日時鐘報時,代表
-
man-made global catastrophe. Though the clock more recently
人類造成世界毀滅的可能
-
included climate change and some other developments that
包括氣候變遷,以及其他置人類於危險之中的發展
-
put humanity at risk emphasis is placed on nuclear war.
核戰是主要禍害
-
Since its creation in 1947, the furthest
自從核子於 1947 的誕生
-
we've been from midnight or doomsday is in 1991
距核戰末日最遠的是 1991 年
-
when the clock was 17 minutes to midnight.
以時鐘來看,為午夜前 17 分鐘
-
Today in 2017 the clock sits
今年 2017 年
-
at 2.5 minutes to midnight. The second closest it has ever been.
離核戰末日為午夜前 2 分半;是目前第二次近的
-
Even a small nuclear war
即使是小型核戰
-
could create a nuclear winter which would cause global cooling
都會造成小型的冬季、全球冷卻
-
and damage to the ozone layer that may ultimately
破壞臭氧層,可能造成
-
create droughts that lasts more than a decade.
持續十年之久的乾旱
-
But the greatest threat of all: Researches currently believe
但是,最大的威脅,根據研究員最近的說法
-
it's artificial intelligence. If growth continues to
是人工智慧。若持續成長
-
become comparable to the industrial and agricultural revolutions
將和農工業革命不相上下
-
Experts predict autonomous machines will attain
那麼,專家預言在 2075年,智慧機器將可以
-
near human level intelligence by 2075.
媲美人類智商
-
And even if these machines don't become malevolent or evil
即使這些機器立意良善
-
what happens if those programmed to kill fall into the
但若錯植程式
-
wrong hands? Or when AI programmed to do something good
以至於錯殺無辜呢 ? 或是人工智慧立意良善
-
go about it with a destructive method?
卻不擇手段呢 ?
-
Thank you all so much for watching this video! If you liked it
非常感謝您觀看此影片 ! 若您喜歡
-
make sure that you subscribe so that you can see our videos that come out every Thursday.
請您記得訂閱,每週四您將可以收看我們最新影片
-
And we're gonna like some other videos over there that are similar to this one.
右邊有更多和今天相似的影片
-
About how rich people are prepping for the apocalypse and
有關於多少人類對天啟的應對
-
how to survive a nuclear war. This year is almost over. Hang in there!
以及如何從核戰中生存。今年將進入尾聲,新年新氣象 !
-
Peace guys!
和平萬歲 !