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So for any of us in this room today,
對於今天任何一個出現在這個房間裡的人,
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let's start out by admitting we're lucky.
讓我們從承認我們很幸運開始吧。
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We don't live in the world
我們不是生活在
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our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in,
我們的母親生活的世界,我們的祖母生活的世界,
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where career choices for women were so limited.
那時婦女的職業選擇是如此有限。
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And if you're in this room today,
如果你今天在這個房間裡,
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most of us grew up in a world
我們大多數人成長在一個
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where we had basic civil rights,
有基本的公民權利的世界裡。
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and amazingly, we still live in a world
而令人驚奇的是我們仍然生活在
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where some women don't have them.
一個有些女性沒有這些權利的世界裡。
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But all that aside, we still have a problem,
除此以外,我們還有一個問題,
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and it's a real problem.
一個真正的問題。
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And the problem is this:
而這個問題是:
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Women are not making it
女人並沒有成為
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to the top of any profession
任何專業的頂峰,
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anywhere in the world.
在世界任何地方。
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The numbers tell the story quite clearly.
數字可以很清晰的說明這個故事。
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190 heads of state --
一百九十位國家元首 --
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nine are women.
有九個是婦女。
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Of all the people in parliament in the world,
在世界上所有的議會裡的人,
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13 percent are women.
百分之十三是婦女。
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In the corporate sector,
在企業部門,
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women at the top,
在頂端的婦女,
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C-level jobs, board seats --
C級職位,董事會席位 --
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tops out at 15, 16 percent.
頂多是百分之十五、十六。
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The numbers have not moved since 2002
自2002年以來,這些數字都沒有變化,
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and are going in the wrong direction.
還是朝著錯誤的方向邁進。
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And even in the non-profit world,
即使在非營利的世界裡,
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a world we sometimes think of
一個我們有時會想
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as being led by more women,
是由婦女領導的世界,
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women at the top: 20 percent.
在頂端的婦女:百分之二十。
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We also have another problem,
我們還面臨著另一個問題,
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which is that women face harder choices
就是婦女在職業成就和個人實現方面
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between professional success and personal fulfillment.
面對較艱難的選擇。
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A recent study in the U.S.
在美國最近的一項研究表明,
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showed that, of married senior managers,
已婚的高級管理人員,
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two-thirds of the married men had children
三分之二的是已婚而有孩子的男性,
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and only one-third of the married women had children.
只有三分之一的是已婚而有孩子的婦女。
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A couple of years ago, I was in New York,
幾年前,我在紐約,
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and I was pitching a deal,
我在談一宗交易,
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and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices
我在一個別緻的紐約私募基金辦公室,
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you can picture.
你能想像。
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And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting --
而我在會議 -- 這是個大約三小時的會議 --
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and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break,
在兩小時時,大家需要一種生理小息,
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and everyone stands up,
每個人都站起來,
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and the partner running the meeting
而那個舉行會議的合作夥伴
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starts looking really embarrassed.
開始看起來真的很尷尬。
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And I realized he doesn't know
我意識到他不知道哪裡
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where the women's room is in his office.
他的辦公室哪裡有女洗手間。
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So I start looking around for moving boxes,
所以我開始環顧四周找那些搬運的箱子,
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figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any.
心想他們才剛搬進來,但我也看不到。
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And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?"
所以我說,“你剛剛搬進這個辦公室嗎?”
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And he said, "No, we've been here about a year."
而他說:“不,我們已經在這裡差不多一年。”
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And I said, "Are you telling me
我說,“你是不是告訴我
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that I am the only woman
我是這一年裡在這個辦公室裡
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to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?"
談交易的唯一一個女人?”
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And he looked at me, and he said,
他看著我,他說:“是啊。
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"Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
或許你是唯一一個要去洗手間的。”
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(Laughter)
(眾笑)
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So the question is,
所以問題是,
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how are we going to fix this?
我們如何去解決這個問題?
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How do we change these numbers at the top?
我們如何改變這些在頂端的數字?
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How do we make this different?
我們如何令它不同?
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I want to start out by saying,
我想開始說,
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I talk about this --
我講這一點 --
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about keeping women in the workforce --
關於讓婦女留在職場 --
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because I really think that's the answer.
因為我真的認為這是問題的答案。
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In the high-income part of our workforce,
在勞動人口中高收入的一群,
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in the people who end up at the top --
在那群最終在頂端的人裡 --
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Fortune 500 CEO jobs,
財富500強的CEO職位,
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or the equivalent in other industries --
或等值的其它行業 --
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the problem, I am convinced,
問題,我深信,
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is that women are dropping out.
是婦女退出了。
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Now people talk about this a lot,
現在人們經常談論這個,
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and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring
他們談論像彈性時間和顧問指導的事
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and programs companies should have to train women.
和公司應該有計劃培訓婦女。
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I want to talk about none of that today,
我今天不想說任何一個 --
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even though that's all really important.
儘管這一切都非常重要。
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Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals.
今天,我希望把重點放在我們個人能做些什麼。
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What are the messages we need to tell ourselves?
什麼是我們需要告訴自己的信息?
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What are the messages we tell the women who work with and for us?
有什麼信息是我們要告訴那些與我們工作和為我們工作的婦女?
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What are the messages we tell our daughters?
有什麼信息是我們要告訴女兒的?
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Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear
現在,首先,我要非常清楚,
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that this speech comes with no judgments.
這個演講沒有定論。
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I don't have the right answer.
我沒有正確答案,
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I don't even have it for myself.
連我自己都沒有。
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I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday,
我離開舊金山,我住的地方,在星期一,
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and I was getting on the plane for this conference.
我為了這個會議上飛機。
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And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool,
而我的女兒,三歲,當我在幼兒園放下她時,
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did that whole hugging-the-leg,
她整個抱著我的腿,
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crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing.
哭叫著:“媽媽,不要上飛機” 的東西。
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This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes.
這是困難的。有時我感到內疚。
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I know no women,
我知道沒有婦女,
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whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce,
無論她們在家,還是在職場,
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who don't feel that sometimes.
有時候不覺得那樣。
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So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce
所以我不是說留在職場
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is the right thing for everyone.
對所有人來說都是正確的事。
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My talk today is about what the messages are
我今天的講座是關於提供什麼信息給大家,
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if you do want to stay in the workforce,
如果你真的想繼續留在職場
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and I think there are three.
我認為有三種。
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One, sit at the table.
一,坐在桌旁。
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Two, make your partner a real partner.
二,使你的合作夥伴成為一個真正的合作夥伴。
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And three, don't leave before you leave.
三,不要你離開之前離開。
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Number one: sit at the table.
第一:坐在桌旁。
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Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook,
就在幾個星期前,在Facebook的辦公室裡,
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we hosted a very senior government official,
我們招待了一個很高級的政府官員,
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and he came in to meet with senior execs
他來跟在矽谷周邊的
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from around Silicon Valley.
高管會面。
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And everyone kind of sat at the table.
每個人都坐在桌子旁。
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And then he had these two women who were traveling with him
而他有兩個跟他一起出訪的女人
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who were pretty senior in his department,
她們在他部門也算高級的。
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and I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table,"
而且我客氣地對她們說:“坐在桌旁。來吧,坐在桌旁。”
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and they sat on the side of the room.
而他們坐在房間的一旁。
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When I was in college my senior year,
當我在大學畢業那年,
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I took a course called European Intellectual History.
我報讀了一個名為歐洲思想史課程。
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Don't you love that kind of thing from college?
你不喜歡大學的那種事情嗎。
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I wish I could do that now.
我希望我現在能做到了。
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And I took it with my roommate, Carrie,
我和我的室友,嘉莉,一起報讀,
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who was then a brilliant literary student --
她當時是一個傑出的文學學生 --
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and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar --
而發展成一個傑出的文學學者 --
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and my brother --
而我的弟弟 --
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smart guy, but a water-polo-playing pre-med,
聰明的傢伙,但是一個打水球的醫學預科生,
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who was a sophomore.
是個二年級學生。
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The three of us take this class together.
我們三人一起上課。
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And then Carrie reads all the books
嘉莉讀了所有的書
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in the original Greek and Latin,
包括希臘和拉丁文原文 --
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goes to all the lectures.
上了所有的演講 --
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I read all the books in English
我讀了所有的英文書籍
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and go to most of the lectures.
去了大部分的演講。
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My brother is kind of busy.
我弟弟比較忙;
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He reads one book of 12
他讀了十二本書的其中一本
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and goes to a couple of lectures,
上了幾課演講,
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marches himself up to our room
他遊行到我們的房間
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a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored.
在考試前幾天讓自己被我們輔導。
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The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down.
我們三人一起去考試,我們坐下。
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And we sit there for three hours --
我們坐在那裡三個小時 --
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and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old.
我們的藍色小筆記本 -- 是的,我就是那麼老。
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And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?"
我們走出來,看了看對方,而我們說,“你做得怎樣?”
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And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point
嘉莉說,“各位,我覺得我並沒有真正畫出
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on the Hegelian dialectic."
黑格爾的辯證法的重點。”
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And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected
而我說:“上帝,我真的希望我有真正連接
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John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers who follow."
洛克的財產理論與哲學家的後續。”
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And my brother says,
我弟弟說:
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"I got the top grade in the class."
“我得到了全班最好的成績。”
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"You got the top grade in the class?
“你得到了全班最好的成績?
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You don't know anything."
你什麼都不知道。”
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The problem with these stories
這些故事的問題是,
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is that they show what the data shows:
他們顯示了數據顯示:
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women systematically underestimate their own abilities.
女性系統性地低估了自己的能力。
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If you test men and women,
如果你測試男人和女人,
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and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs,
你問他們一些有完全客觀的標準的問題,像GPA(大學學分),
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men get it wrong slightly high,
男人把它錯估稍高,
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and women get it wrong slightly low.
女人把它錯估稍低。
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Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce.
婦女不為她們自己在職場作談判。
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A study in the last two years
在過去兩年的一項關於
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of people entering the workforce out of college
離開校門進入職場的人的研究,
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showed that 57 percent of boys entering,
發現百分之五十七的男孩進入 --
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or men, I guess,
或者男人,我猜 --
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are negotiating their first salary,
有為他們的第一份工資談判,
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and only seven percent of women.
只有百分之七的婦女有談判。
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And most importantly,
而最重要的是,
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men attribute their success to themselves,
男人把成功歸因於自己,
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and women attribute it to other external factors.
而婦女把它歸功於其他外部因素。
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If you ask men why they did a good job,
如果你問男人,為什麼他們的工作做得不錯,
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they'll say, "I'm awesome.
他們會說,“我棒極了。
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Obviously. Why are you even asking?"
很明顯。為什麼你還需要問?”
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If you ask women why they did a good job,
如果你問婦女為什麼她們的工作做得很好,
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what they'll say is someone helped them,
她們會說是有人幫助她們,
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they got lucky, they worked really hard.
她們很幸運,她們真的很辛苦工作。
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Why does this matter?
為什麼這有影響呢?
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Boy, it matters a lot
各位,這是相當重要的,
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because no one gets to the corner office
因為沒有人會選擇坐在辦公室角落
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by sitting on the side, not at the table,
坐在一邊的,而不是在桌邊的人。
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and no one gets the promotion
而沒有人會得到晉升,
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if they don't think they deserve their success,
如果她們不認為她們應該得到屬於自己的成功,
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or they don't even understand their own success.
或者她們甚至不認識自己的成功。
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I wish the answer were easy.
我希望答案是很容易的。
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I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work for,
我希望我能去告訴所有跟我一起工作的年輕女人,
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all these fabulous women,
所有那些極好的婦女,
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"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself.
“相信自己,為你自己進行談判。
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Own your own success."
你擁有自己的成功。”
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I wish I could tell that to my daughter.
我希望我能告訴我的女兒。
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But it's not that simple.
但它不是那麼簡單。
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Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing,
因為數據顯示,高於一切,是一件事 --
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which is that success and likeability
那就是成功和討喜
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are positively correlated for men
對男性呈正相關,
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and negatively correlated for women.
對女性呈負相關。
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And everyone's nodding,
而每個人都點頭,
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because we all know this to be true.
因為我們都知道這是真的。
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There's a really good study that shows this really well.
有一個很好的研究非常好的顯示了這個。
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There's a famous Harvard Business School study
有一個著名的哈佛商學院的研究
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on a woman named Heidi Roizen.
關於一個叫海蒂·羅森的女人。
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And she's an operator in a company
她是公司的一個經營者
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in Silicon Valley,
在矽谷,
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and she uses her contacts
而她用她的人脈
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to become a very successful venture capitalist.
成為一個非常成功的風險資本家。
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In 2002 -- not so long ago --
在2002 -- 不久前 --
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a professor who was then at Columbia University
一位當時在哥倫比亞大學的教授
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took that case and made it Howard Roizen.
拿這個案例,把她改成霍華‧德羅森。
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And he gave the case out, both of them,
他提出案例 -- 兩個案例 --
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to two groups of students.
給兩組學生。
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He changed exactly one word:
他只改變了一個字:
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"Heidi" to "Howard."
海蒂 改成 霍華德。
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But that one word made a really big difference.
但是,這一個字做了非常大的差異。
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He then surveyed the students,
然後他訪問那些學生。
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and the good news was the students, both men and women,
好消息,這些是學生,無論男女,
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thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent,
都覺得海蒂和霍華德同樣勝任,
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and that's good.
這很好。
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The bad news was that everyone liked Howard.
而壞消息是,每個人都喜歡霍華德。
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He's a great guy. You want to work for him.
他是一個很棒的傢伙,你想為他工作,
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You want to spend the day fishing with him.
你想花一天時間與他捕魚。
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But Heidi? Not so sure.
但海蒂?不敢肯定。
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She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.
她有一點點少了自己。她有一點點政治化。
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You're not sure you'd want to work for her.
你不知道自己要不要為她工作。
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This is the complication.
這就是併發症。
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We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues,
我們要告訴我們的女兒和同事,
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we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A,
我們要告訴自己,相信我們得到了A,
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to reach for the promotion,
以達到晉升,
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to sit at the table,
坐在桌邊。
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and we have to do it in a world
而且我們必須這樣做,
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where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that,
在一個世界裡,對她們來說將要犧牲來彌補這一點,
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even though for their brothers, there are not.
儘管對兄弟來說沒有。
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The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this.
關於這一切最可悲的一點是,我們真的很難記住這一點。
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And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me,
而我要告訴大家一個對我來說確實很尷尬的故事,
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but I think important.
但我認為重要的。
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I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago
我在不久之前在Facebook做這個演講,
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to about 100 employees,
約有一百名員工。
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and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there
而幾個小時後,有一名在這裡工作的年輕女子
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sitting outside my little desk,
坐在我的小桌子外面,
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and she wanted to talk to me.
她想和我說話。
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I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked.
我說,好吧,她坐了下來,和我們交談。
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And she said, "I learned something today.
她說,“我今天學到了一些東西。
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I learned that I need to keep my hand up."
我學到我需要保持舉手。”
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I said, "What do you mean?"
我說:“你是什麼意思?”
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She said, "Well, you're giving this talk,
她說:“嗯,你做這個講座,
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and you said you were going to take two more questions.
而你說你會接納多兩個問題。
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And I had my hand up with lots of other people, and you took two more questions.
我和其他大量的人都舉了手,而你接納了兩個問題。
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And I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women put their hand down,
當我把我的手放下來,我注意到所有的女人都把自己的手放下來,
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and then you took more questions,
然後你又接納了更多的問題,
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only from the men."
只從男人。“
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And I thought to myself,
我心想,
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wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously --
哇,如果這就是我 -- 誰在乎這個,很明顯 --
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giving this talk --
給這個講座 --