As you might imagine, I'm absolutely passionate

我熱衷創作舞蹈、

about dance. I'm passionate about making it,

熱衷欣賞舞蹈，

about watching it, about encouraging others

也熱衷鼓勵別人參與其中。

to participate in it,

我對創造力也很有熱情。

and I'm also really passionate about creativity.

對我來說，創造力是至關重要的。

Creativity for me is something that's absolutely critical,

我認為創造力是可以教的，

and I think it's something that you can teach.

我認為創造力技巧是可以傳授、分享的。

I think the technicities of creativity can be taught

我認為你可以找到專屬自己的身體符號、

and shared, and I think you can find out things

認知習慣，

about your own personal physical signature,

並以此為出發點，好好地「胡鬧」一番。

your own cognitive habits, and use that as

我出生於 1970 年代，

a point of departure to misbehave beautifully.

當時約翰屈伏塔可是個大人物， 像是《火爆浪子》、《週六夜瘋狂》。

I was born in the 1970s, and John Travolta was big

他提供了很棒的男性榜樣，讓我開始跳舞。

in those days: "Grease," "Saturday Night Fever,"

我的父母總是讓我做決定，

and he provided a fantastic kind of male role model for me

他們全力地鼓勵我出發去冒險、

to start dancing. My parents were very up for me going.

去嘗試，再嘗試。

They absolutely encouraged me to take risks, to go,

過去我有個機會在當地的舞蹈教室上課，

to try, to try. I had an opportunity, an access

且我的老師很有啟發性。

to a local dance studio, and I had an enlightened teacher

她允許我自己獨立創編舞蹈。

who allowed me to make up my own and invent

她所做的是

my own dances, so what she did was let me make up

讓我自己編國標和拉丁舞，

my own ballroom and Latin American dances to teach

教給我的同儕。

to my peers.

那是我第一次有機會

And that was the very first time that I found an opportunity

感受到我可以表達自己的心聲。

to feel that I was able to express my own voice,

這激勵了我日後成為一位編舞者。

and that's what's fueled me, then, to become a choreographer.

我覺得我有東西要說，有東西要分享。

I feel like I've got something to say and something to share.

我想有趣的地方在於，

And I guess what's interesting is, is that I am now obsessed

現在我對肢體的技巧非常著迷。

with the technology of the body.

我認為這是我們最擅長的溝通傳達技巧。

I think it's the most technologically literate thing that we have,

我完全著迷於

and I'm absolutely obsessed with finding a way

尋找一種透過肢體 向觀眾表達理念的方式，

of communicating ideas through the body to audiences

來感動他們、觸動他們的心、

that might move them, touch them,

幫助他們用不同角度思考。

help them think differently about things.

所以對我來說， 編舞是一種物理性思考。

So for me, choreography is very much a process

這過程存在於腦中，

of physical thinking. It's very much in mind,

也存在於身體，是一種合作式的過程。

as well as in body, and it's a collaborative process.

是必須和別人合作完成的事。

It's something that I have to do with other people.

某種程度上說，是種分散的認知過程。

You know, it's a distributed cognitive process in a way.

我常和設計師和視覺藝術家一起工作，

I work often with designers and visual artists,

當然還有舞者和其他的編舞家，

obviously dancers and other choreographers,

但現在，我有更多的機會是和經濟學家、

but also, more and more, with economists,

人類學家、神經學家，認知科學家

anthropologists, neuroscientists, cognitive scientists,

和許多來自不同領域的專家一起合作。

people really who come from very different domains of

他們把不同領域的智慧

expertise, where they bring their intelligence to bear

運用在不同的創新過程。

on a different kind of creative process.

而今天我們要做的是稍稍探索一下

What I thought we would do today a little bit is

物理性思考這個想法。

explore this idea of physical thinking,

我們都是物理性思考的專家，

and we're all experts in physical thinking.

我們都有軀體，對吧？

Yeah, you all have a body, right?

我們都知道身體在現實世界是怎樣的，

And we all know what that body is like in the real world,

物理性思考的其中一個面向

so one of the aspects of physical thinking

就是「本體感受」這概念，

that we think about a lot is this notion of proprioception,

就是自己的身體在真實空間中的感覺。

the sense of my own body in the space in the real world.

我們都了解

So, we all understand what it feels like to know

當你敞開雙臂，

where the ends of your fingers are

知道自己手指在哪的感覺。

when you hold out your arms, yeah?

你絕對知道你什麼時候要拿杯子、

You absolutely know that when you're going to grab a cup,

或要把移動了的杯子重新擺好。

or that cup moves and you have to renavigate it.

我們早已是物理性思維的專家，

So we're experts in physical thinking already.

我們只是不常意識到我們的身體。

We just don't think about our bodies very much.

我們只有在身體出問題時才想到，

We only think about them when they go wrong, so, when

比如手骨折或是心臟病發的時候，

there's a broken arm, or when you have a heart attack,

你才會真正意識到你的身體。

then you become really very aware of your bodies.

但我們如何將編舞的思維、

But how is it that we can start to think about using

動覺智能

choreographic thinking, kinesthetic intelligence, to arm

運用在一般性的思考當中呢？

the ways in which we think about things more generally?

我接下要做的是一場 TED 首演。

What I thought I'd do is, I'd make a TED premiere.

我不知道這會不會成功，

I'm not sure if this is going to be good or not.

就姑且一試。

I'll just be doing it.

我要做的是，

I thought what I'd do is, I'd use three versions

用三種物理性思維模式來做些事情。

of physical thinking to make something.

向您介紹，這是保歐羅，這是卡特琳娜。

I want to introduce you. This is Paolo. This is Catarina.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

他們完全不知道接下來要做什麼。

They have no idea what we're going to do.

這不像一般的編舞，

So this is not the type of choreography where

通常我會先計畫好要做什麼，

I already have in mind what I'm going to make,

並先在腦中設計一套固定舞步

where I've fixed the routine in my head

再教給他們，

and I'm just going to teach it to them,

這些所謂的「白紙」只要學習就好，

and these so-called empty vessels are just going to learn it.

這完全不是我們要用的方法。

That's not the methodology at all that we work with.

整體的重點是他們如何

But what's important about it is how it is that they're

掌握資訊，接受資訊，

grasping information, how they're taking information,

使用資訊，及思考這些資訊。

how they're using it, and how they're thinking with it.

我將簡單地開始。

I'm going to start really, really simply.

通常舞蹈需要一個或多個刺激元素。

Usually, dance has a stimulus or stimuli, and I thought

我要用簡單的東西， 這個 TED 標誌，我們都能看到它，

I'd take something simple, TED logo, we can all see it,

很容易利用，而我要做的也很簡單。

it's quite easy to work with, and I'm going to do something

我們先從某軀體來獲得一個想法，

very simply, where you take one idea from a body,

這身體剛好是我的身體，然後把那個想法

and it happens to be my body, and translate that

轉移到別人身上，

into somebody else's body,

這是一種直接轉移、是能量的轉換。

so it's a direct transfer, transformation of energy.

我將如此想像，如果您願意也可以照著做。

And I'm going to imagine this, you can do this too if you like,

我只用字母"T"，

that I'm going to just take the letter "T" and I'm going

先在心中想像它， 然後把它往外置於現實世界，

to imagine it in mind, and I'm going to place that outside in

所以我絕對有看到一個字母"T"在我前面。

the real world. So I absolutely see a letter "T" in front of me.

有吧？它絕對在那，

Yeah? It's absolutely there.

當我看到它，我能繞著它走，對吧？

I can absolutely walk around it when I see it, yeah?

它有某種語法，我知道如何使用它，

It has a kind of a grammar. I know what I'm going to do

所以我可以開始描述它， 我可以簡單描述它，

with it, and I can start to describe it, so I can describe it

我可以用我的手臂描述它，

very simply. I can describe it in my arms, right?

所以我做的是用我的手， 然後移動我的手。

So all I did was take my hand and then I move my hand.

我可以描述它，用我的頭，你知道嗎?

I can describe it, whoa, in my head, you know? Whoa.

也可用我的肩，瞧？

Okay. I can do also my shoulder. Yeah?

它讓我有事可做，讓我發揮作用。

It gives me something to do, something to work towards.

要是我把字母"T"平放在地，

If I were to take that letter "T" and flatten it down

這裡，也許就是這裡，

on the floor, here, maybe just off the floor,

我或許可以突然用我的膝蓋，

all of a sudden I could do maybe something with my knee,

如果我膝蓋和手臂並用，

yeah? Whoa. So If I put the knee and the arms together,

就得到某種有形的東西，開始建立某物。

I've got something physical, yeah? And I can start to build something.

接下來我要做的大約一分半鐘左右，

So what I'm going to do just for one and a half minutes or so

我要用這概念要做點什麼。

is I'm going to take that concept, I'm going to make something,

我身後的舞者將詮釋這概念，

and the dancers behind me are going to interpret it,

他們要快速理解，並採取自己的觀點。

they're going to snapshot it, they're going to take

有點像我在卸載記憶，

aspects of it, and it's almost like I'm offloading memory

而他們在承接記憶，可以嗎？

and they're holding onto memory? Yeah?

我們來看可迸出怎樣的火花。

And we'll see what we come up with.

我們可以稍微看一下他們是如何

So just have a little watch about how they're, how they're

存取記憶和怎麼做。

accessing this and what they're doing,

我將用字母"T"、"E"

and I'm just going to take this letter "T," the letter "E,"

和"D"做點什麼。好吧。就是這樣。

and the letter "D," to make something. Okay. Here goes.

我要讓自己進入狀態，可以嗎?

So I have to get myself in the zone. Right.

一些手臂的交叉。

It's a bit of a cross of my arm.

我所做的是探討"T"的空間，

So all I'm doing is exploring this space of "T"

並透過行動來反射這空間。

and flashing through it with some action.

我不記得我做了什麼。

I'm not remembering what I'm doing.

我只是在做我的任務，而任務是"T"。

I'm just working on my task. My task is this "T."

我要從旁邊來看，哇。

Going to watch it from the side, whoa.

攻擊時刻。

Strike moment.

就是這樣。

That's it.

所以我們開始建立一個舞句。

So we're starting to build a phrase.

我們來看看他們做了什麼。

So what they're doing, let's see, something like that,

他們所做的是去理解動作的觀點，

so what they're doing is grasping aspects of that movement

然後將它創造成一個舞句。

and they're generating it into a phrase.

您可以看到的速度非常快，是吧？

You can see the speed is extremely quick, yeah?

我並非要求他們要完全複製，

I'm not asking them to copy exactly.

他們要用收到的資訊

They're using the information that they receive

產成一個舞句的開端。

to generate the beginnings of a phrase.

我可以觀察並得知

I can watch that and that can tell me something

舞者們如何移動。

about how it is that they're moving.

他們動作超級快，對吧？

Yeah, they're super quick, right?

我詮釋 TED 的觀點，

So I've taken this aspect of TED and translated it

並將它轉化成有形的事物。

into something that's physical.

有些舞者觀察動作時

Some dancers, when they're watching action,

採用整體形式，即移動的弧線、

take the overall shape, the arc of the movement,

運動知覺的移動，

the kinetic sense of the movement,

並以此作為記憶。

and use that for memory.

有些則著重在具體細節，

Some work very much in specific detail.

從小單位開始然後慢慢建立。

They start with small little units and build it up.

好的，都理解了嗎？再來。

Okay, you've got something? One more thing.

他們正在為我解決這個問題。

So they're solving this problem for me,

有一點──

having a little --

他們正在建構這舞句，

They're constructing that phrase.

他們有些想法要緊緊抓住。

They have something and they're going to hold on to it,

可以嗎？一種創作方法。

yeah? One way of making.

這將是我在世界首演的開端。

That's going to be my beginning in this world premiere.

好，現在我要來點不一樣的。

Okay. From there I'm going to do a very different thing.

簡單來說，我要來個雙人舞。

So basically I'm going to make a duet.

我要你們把舞者看成結構物體，

I want you to think about them as architectural objects,

他們只是純粹的線條，

so what they are, are just pure lines.

不再是人，只是線條，然後我會

They're no longer people, just pure lines, and I'm going

把他們視為物體來合作，可以嗎？

to work with them almost as objects to think with, yeah?

我現在想

So what I'm thinking about is taking

當我移動時，做幾個身體的延展，

a few physical extensions from the body as I move, and

我移動的同時也提示他們一些事情，

I move them, and I do that by suggesting things to them:

如果，就這樣 ；如果，就那樣。開始吧。

If, then; if, then. Okay, so here we go.

抓住這個手臂，

Just grab this arm.

你可以往下放到地上嗎？

Can you place that down into the floor?

對，到地上。可以鑽到底下嗎？

Yeah, down to the floor. Can you go underneath?

卡特，可以把腿跨到這邊嗎？

Yeah. Cat, can you put leg over that side? Yeah.

你可以旋轉嗎？

Can you rotate?

再從頭開始。

Whoom, just go back to the beginning.

開始囉，準備好嗎？

Here we go, ready? And ... bam, bake ... (clicks metronome)

很好。你們兩位都站起來。

Great. Okay, from there, you're both getting up.

都起身。他們很棒吧?

You're both getting up. Here we go. Good, now? Them.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

從那裡，從那裡，我們都起身，

So from there, from there, we're both getting up,

都起身往這邊。

we're both getting up, going in this direction,

往下，往下，

going underneath. Whoa, whoa, underneath.

往下，可以嗎？往下。往前跳。

Whoa, underneath, whoo-um. Yeah? Underneath. Jump.

往下、往前跳。保歐羅，踢。儘管踢。

Underneath. Jump. Paolo, kick. Don't care where. Kick.

踢、站好、換腿。踢、站好、換腿。

Kick, replace, change a leg. Kick, replace, change the leg.

可以嗎？卡特，幾乎碰到他的頭。 幾乎碰到他的頭。

Yeah? Okay? Cat, almost get his head. Almost get his head.

也許再後面些，

Whoaa. Just after it, maybe. Whoaa, whaaay, ooh.

扶她的腰部，起身，旋轉，

Grab her waist, come up back into her first, whoom, spin,

把她轉身，很好。

turn her, whoo-aa. (Snaps) Great.

好，讓我們從頭開始。

Okay, let's have a little go from the beginning of that.

讓我稍微慢下來。想像有八...（笑聲）

Just, let me slow down here. Fancy having eight -- (Laughter)

一天有八小時這些想像都在我腦海中，

Fancy having eight hours with me in a day.

也許太多了。準備好，開始。

So, maybe too much. So, here we go, ready, and -- (Clicks metronome)

（打拍子）

(Clicks metronome)

很好，做得好。是吧？（掌聲）

Nice, good job. Yeah? Okay. (Applause)

好，還不錯。（掌聲）再來一些？

Okay, not bad. (Applause) A little bit more?

好，再來一些。我們從這開始。

Yeah. Just a little bit more, here we go, from that place.

分開，面對前面。分開，面對前面。

Separate. Face the front. Separate. Face the front.

想像有個圈圈在你前面

Imagine that there's a circle in front of you, yeah?

繞過它，繞過它，把它踢出去，

Avoid it. Avoid it. Whoom. Kick it out of the way.

把它踢出去。把它扔向觀眾。

Kick it out of the way. Throw it into the audience. Whoom.

再丟一次。

Throw it into the audience again.

我們有個心理結構，分享它

We've got mental architecture, we're sharing it,

因而解決問題。他們正這樣做。

therefore solving a problem. They're enacting it.

讓我看一下。預備，開始。

Let me just see that a little bit. Ready, and go.

（打拍子）

(Clicks metronome)

太棒了。再來一次。

Okay, brilliant. Okay, here we go. From the beginning,

可以先跳我們的舞句？然後再這樣。

can we do our phrases first? And then that.

我們正在建立及組織

And we're going to build something now, organize it,

這些舞句。開始。很好，慢慢來？

the phrases. Here we go. Nice and slow?

預備，開始。（打拍子）

Ready and go ... um. (Clicks metronome)

（打拍子）

(Clicks metronome)

雙人舞開始了。（打拍子）

The duet starts. (Clicks metronome)

（打拍子）

(Clicks metronome)

好的，很好，好，很好，非常好。（掌聲）

So yeah, okay, good. Okay, nice, very nice. (Applause)

很好。所以──（掌聲）

So good. So -- (Applause)

好的。那是──（掌聲）

Okay. So that was -- (Applause)

做的好。（掌聲）

Well done. (Applause)

這是第二種運作方式。

That was the second way of working.

第一種，身體對身體的轉移，對吧？

The first one, body-to-body transfer, yeah,

和一個外在的心理結構合作，

with an outside mental architecture that I work with

而他們為我承接記憶。

that they hold memory with for me.

第二種，將他們視為物體來思考

The second one, which is using them as objects to think

和結構物體，我下了一連串指令，

with their architectural objects, I do a series of

「如果這樣，然後那樣」

provocations, I say, "If this happens, then that.

若這樣，若那樣── 「我有許多像這樣的方式，

If this, if that happens -- " I've got lots of methods like that,

但是非常、 非常快速」， 這是第三種方法。

but it's very, very quick, and this is a third method.

他們已經開始了， 這是以任務為主的方法，

They're starting it already, and this is a task-based method,

他們有自主權，

where they have the autonomy to make

可以做所有的決定。

all of the decisions for themselves.

我請大家試試看，

So I'd like us just to do, we're going to do a little

在這短短一分鐘來點心靈舞蹈。

mental dance, a little, in this little one minute,

請大家開始想像，

so what I'd love you to do is imagine,

你可閉上雙眼或者睜開，

you can do this with your eyes closed, or open, and if you

如果你不想，大可觀賞，由你決定。

don't want to do it you can watch them, it's up to you.

花一秒鐘想一下"TED"在你面前，

Just for a second, think about that word "TED" in front of

它就在你腦中，就在你腦海前，

you, so it