Welcome to Life Noggin.

歡迎來到生活小腦袋！

Have you ever heard someone say, "I'm so clean. I'm OCD."?

你有沒有聽人說過「我身上一塵不染，我是強迫症 ( OCD )！」？

You might think that having OCD just means being a neat freak… but actually, obsessive-compulsive disorder

你可能會認為，強迫症只意味著是一個有潔癖的怪胎。實際上，強迫症

is a serious ailment that only affects about 2 percent of the population.

屬一種嚴重疾病，僅影響約全球 2%的人口

People with OCD are plagued with unwanted thoughts, behaviors, or mental images that

OCD患者常被自己不想要的想法、行為和心智圖像所困擾

repeat over and over.

它們會一再一再出現

They might feel like objects in a room have to be perfectly aligned, or they may worry

他們可能認為房間裡的物品必須完全對齊在一條線上，否則可能一廂情願地

obsessively about harming others, even if they would never actually do anything.

擔心會因此傷害到其他人，儘管他們什麼都不做

And yes, some people with OCD obsess over germs and cleanliness, but it's different

是的，有些 OCD 執著於細菌和乾淨度，但是

than just wanting your house tidy.

與要你保持房子清潔，有所不同

For those with the disorder, their obsession feels out of their control.

對於罹患這種病的人來說，他們的執著感，是無法體會到自己控制慾。

It can be debilitating, and cleaning won't solve the problem.

但它可能是很累人的，因為保持清潔無法解決問題根源。

The obsessions are typically intertwined with compulsions—repeated actions the person

而痴迷常與強迫交纏在一起 -- 反復採取行動，他常常

has to do just to function.

只是為了做而做。

If someone is obsessed with germs, they might wash their hands over and over, even after

如果某些人痴迷於細菌，他們會一遍又一遍地洗手

they logically know that they are clean.

即便他們在邏輯上，已經知道自己是乾淨的。

Or if they're obsessed with safety, they might force themselves to check that the doors

或者如痴迷於安全問題，他們可能會強迫自己，再三檢查門栓

are locked and the stove is off dozens of times before they can leave the house.

是否上鎖，以及一遍又一遍地檢查爐火是否已經熄滅，在離家前

They might also feel the need to repeat a certain word, or count all their steps.

他們也可能會覺得，需要重複特定的一個字，或者算一下自己腳步。

Although OCD can take many forms, there are some things that everyone with the disorder has in common.

儘管 OCD 可以多種形式表現，但罹患這種病每個患者

In order to be diagnosed, the obsessions or compulsions must be extremely time consuming

都有個共通點

and take up at least an hour a day.

為了順利診斷，痴迷或強迫必定是非常耗時的

Almost everyone with OCD knows their thoughts aren't logical, but they can't stop themselves.

每天可能得花上至少一個小時

And they usually don't enjoy their compulsions — it's just the only way they can reduce their anxiety and stress.

幾乎，每個 OCD的人都曉得自己的想法不合邏輯，但他們無法阻止自己。

For those suffering, it can hurt to hear others use the term OCD without understanding what

他們通常不喜歡他們的強制性 -- 而這只是他們可以唯一可以減少

it fully means.

他們的焦慮和壓力的辦法

You might say you have OCD because you like things to be organized, but it's a passing

對於那些患者來說，聽到別人在不了解什麼是「OCD」，卻使用這個術語

thought that you could shrug off.

可能會很受傷

Having real OCD means not being able to let go of those thoughts.

你可能會說自己有 OCD，因為你喜歡事情有條不紊，但這想法常是

Lots of studies have shown that those with OCD actually have slightly different brain

一閃即過，可以不當成一回事

function than those without.

真正的OCD意味著，無法放棄這些想法

Although scientists are still learning how the disorder works, many think it has to do

大部分的研究顯示，罹患OCD的人，腦部實際上有些微

with changes in a circuit of the brain called the corticostriatal pathway, which regulates

功能上的差異，比起正常人

habit and repeated action.

儘管科學家們仍在了解這類疾病的運作，但許多人認為它必定與

Recent studies have focused on trying to find medications that bind to receptors in that pathway.

腦中稱為皮質神經節細胞通道的迴路改變有關，而它們原本

If the studies are successful, they may be able to develop medications that specifically target OCD symptoms.

都在規範習慣和重複性行動

This would be a huge leap forward.

近期研究則集中於試圖找到與受體結合的藥物

Currently, doctors typically prescribe general antidepressants for OCD.

在通道中

They also recommend behavioral therapy.

如果研究成功，他們就有能力開發藥物

This includes exposure therapy, where patients are carefully exposed to fearful situations

具體鎖定 OCD 的症狀

without being allowed to act on their compulsions.

這將會是向前大躍進

For the small amount of people who don't respond to either drugs or therapy, there

目前，醫生常為 OCD 開出一般抗抑鬱藥

are more invasive procedures.

他們還推薦行為療法

Around 300 people have undergone something called DBS, or deep brain stimulation, which

其中包括暴露治療，患者被精心暴露在可怕的情境

is when electrodes are implanted in the brain to control impulses in some of the corticostriatal regions.

不得回應自身的強迫性

When the electrodes are activated, they cause the brain of someone with OCD to have the

對於那些藥物或治療都不起反應的少數人

same neural activity as someone without.

則實施更侵入性的程序

The treatment has been a huge success.

大約已有300人經歷稱為 DBS 治療，或稱深層腦刺激

Almost all DBS patients say the procedure improved their mood and self-confidence, and

亦即將電極植入腦中，以控制某些皮質紋狀體區域中的脈衝

most regained a normal quality of life.

當電極被啟動時，它們會使 OCD 患者的大腦中

Although OCD can be debilitating, these types of treatments offer hope that one day soon,

產生與正常人相同的神經活動

everyone with the disorder will be able to find relief and take back control of their life.

這種治療方式非常成功

I hope you gain a better understanding of OCD,

幾乎所有 DBS 的病人都說這個療程，已改善他們的心情和自信

And let me know in the comment section below

多數人也恢復正常生活品質

what other science topic you would like us to talk about?

儘管 OCD 可能讓人元氣大傷，但這些治療也帶來希望，希望有一天

If you enjoyed this video, then you should definitely watch our video

每名患者都能夠找到救濟並且拿回自己生活的控制權

where we tackle the question - can you have more than one personality?

希望你有更了解強迫症

Check it out.

在以下的評論欄讓我知道

To get this disorder, you have to have two or more identities

你還想知道什麼其他科學主題

that can take control of your behavior,

如果你喜歡這支影片，那一定要看我們的另一支影片

and they have to have different memories and feelings itself.

在探討一個問題，你能有多重的性格嗎？

There are only a few people who have actually been documented with this psychological condition

來看看吧

But you've probably heard of it thanks to movies and television.

要得到這種疾病，你必須要有兩個以上的人格

My name is Bloco, this has been Life Noggin

能夠控制你的行為

Don't forget to keep on thinking

而且他們必須要有不同的記憶與感情