Her name is Davinia.

她的名字叫達維妮雅，

Davinia was born in Jamaica, emigrated to the US at the age of 18,

達維妮雅出生於牙買加， 18 歲時移民到美國。

and now lives just outside of Washington, DC.

現在住在首都華盛頓 哥倫比亞特區的外圍。

She's not a high-powered political staffer,

她不是掌握大權的政府官員，

nor a lobbyist.

也不是一位說客。

She'd probably tell you she's quite unremarkable,

她可能會告訴你，她很平凡，

but she's having the most remarkable impact.

但她的影響力卻相當的不平凡。

What's incredible about Davinia

達維妮雅不平凡的地方在於，

is that she's willing to spend time every single week

她願意每週花時間

focused on people who are not her:

去關注那些和她沒有關係的人：

people not her in her neighborhood, her state, nor even in her country --

既不是她的鄰居、也不是她所住的州， 甚至也不是她國家的人──

people she'd likely never meet.

而是那些她可能從未見過的人。

Davinia's impact started a few years ago

達維妮雅的影響力 從幾年前開始，

when she reached out to all of her friends on Facebook,

當時她在臉書上尋求朋友幫助，

and asked them to donate their pennies

她邀請他們捐點零錢，

so she could fund girls' education.

這樣她就可以資助女孩的教育。

She wasn't expecting a huge response,

她沒想過會有這麼大的回響，

but 700,000 pennies later,

在獲得 70 萬便士後，

she's now sent over 120 girls to school.

她送了 120 位女孩去上學。

When we spoke last week,

我們上禮拜有聊到，

she told me she's become a little infamous at the local bank

她說，她變得有點 不受當地銀行的歡迎了，

every time she rocks up with a shopping cart full of pennies.

因為她每次都突然現身 還帶著一卡車零錢。

Now -- Davinia is not alone.

如今，達維妮雅並不孤單。

Far from it.

她離孤單還差得遠的呢。

She's part of a growing movement.

她是這股成長趨勢的一分子。

And there's a name for people like Davinia:

有一個詞可以形容 像達維妮雅這樣的人：

global citizens.

「世界公民」。

A global citizen is someone who self-identifies first and foremost

世界公民是指，

not as a member of a state, a tribe or a nation,

不把「自我認同」優先定位在 一個州、國家或部落之上的人，

but as a member of the human race,

而是把自我認同優先定位在 身為人類的一分子，

and someone who is prepared to act on that belief,

並準備好以此信念來採取行動、解決

to tackle our world's greatest challenges.

我們世界上最大的挑戰。

Our work is focused on finding,

我們的工作就是找出

supporting and activating global citizens.

支持和動員這些世界公民。

They exist in every country

他們存在每個國家

and among every demographic.

與群眾之中。

I want to make the case to you today

我今天要向各位說明一個觀點，

that the world's future depends on global citizens.

就是，世界的未來 仰賴於世界公民。

I'm convinced that if we had more global citizens active in our world,

我有信心，如果世界上 有更多的世界公民參與，

then every single one of the major challenges we face --

那我們現在所面臨的各種挑戰——

from poverty, climate change, gender inequality --

從貧窮、氣候變化到性別不平等——

these issues become solvable.

這些議題都可以迎刃而解。

They are ultimately global issues,

它們都是全球最棘手的問題，

and they can ultimately only be solved

而最終能解決的方式，

by global citizens demanding global solutions from their leaders.

就只有透過世界公民向他們的領導者要求 並提出全球性的解決方案才能做到。

Now, some people's immediate reaction to this idea

現在，肯定會有人會立刻覺得

is that it's either a bit utopian or even threatening.

這個想法有點異想天開， 甚至有些威脅的意味。

So I'd like to share with you a little of my story today,

所以今天我想告訴你們 一個我的小故事，

how I ended up here,

告訴你，我最終是怎麼 站在這裡的，

how it connects with Davinia

以及這件事如何與 達維尼亞連結起來，

and, hopefully, with you.

我更希望可以和你們產生共鳴。

Growing up in Melbourne, Australia,

我在澳洲的墨爾本長大，

I was one of those seriously irritating little kids

我小時候特別煩人，

that never, ever stopped asking, "Why?"

總是不停地問「為什麼？」

You might have been one yourself.

各位過去可能也是如此。

I used to ask my mum the most annoying questions.

我過去常常問我媽媽 一些相當惱人的問題。

I'd ask her questions like, "Mum, why I can't I dress up

我問像是： 「媽，為什麼我不能穿衣打扮，

and play with puppets all day?"

然後跟木偶玩上一整天？」

"Why do you want fries with that?"

「你為什麼要加那個下去炒？ 」

"What is a shrimp,

「蝦子是什麼？

and why do we have to keep throwing them on the barbie?"

為什麼我們一直要把牠們 扔到芭比娃娃的頭上？」

(Laughter)

(意旨：BBQ 烤蝦子）（笑聲）

"And mum -- this haircut.

「還有，媽，這髮型……

Why?"

為什麼？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The worst haircut, I think.

我覺得是史上最醜的髮型。

Still terrible.

真的很糟糕。

As a "why" kid, I thought I could change the world,

身為愛問為什麼的男孩， 我自認能改變世界，

and it was impossible to convince me otherwise.

而且那時我不可能會被說服。

And when I was 12 and in my first year of high school,

在我 12 歲上中學的第一年，

I started raising money for communities in the developing world.

我開始籌錢幫助那些 發展中國家的社區。

We were a really enthusiastic group of kids,

我們是一群熱情四溢的小鬼頭，

and we raised more money than any other school in Australia.

而且我們在澳洲籌到了 比其它任何學校還要多的錢。

And so I was awarded the chance to go to the Philippines to learn more.

因此我得到了一個 去菲律賓學習的機會。

It was 1998.

當時是 1998 年。

We were taken into a slum in the outskirts of Manila.

我們被帶到馬尼拉郊外的 一個貧民窟裡。

It was there I became friends with Sonny Boy,

在那裡，我跟桑尼男孩 變成了好朋友，

who lived on what was literally a pile of steaming garbage.

他就生活在那種 會冒熱氣的垃圾堆當中。

"Smoky Mountain" was what they called it.

他們把這座垃圾山 叫做「冒煙山」。

But don't let the romance of that name fool you,

但不要被這浪漫的名字給騙了，

because it was nothing more than a rancid landfill

因為它只不過是 散著惡臭味的垃圾堆，

that kids like Sonny Boy spent hours rummaging through every single day

這些像桑尼的孩子們， 每天要花大量的時間

to find something, anything of value.

在這些垃圾堆中尋找值錢的東西。

That night with Sonny Boy and his family changed my life forever,

那晚，桑尼和他的家人 徹底改變了我的一生，

because when it came time to go to sleep,

因為睡覺的時候，

we simply laid down on this concrete slab the size of half my bedroom

我們就睡在只有我的 臥室一半大的混凝土地板上，

with myself, Sonny Boy, and the rest of his family,

而且是我、桑尼和他的家人 大家一起睡。

seven of us in this long line,

7 個人成排睡在這麼寬的空間，

with the smell of rubbish all around us

伴隨著身邊的垃圾臭味，

and cockroaches crawling all around.

還有滿地爬的蟑螂。

And I didn't sleep a wink,

我根本闔不上眼，

but I lay awake thinking to myself,

我躺著，卻清醒地在想一件事：

"Why should anyone have to live like this

「當我擁有這麼多的同時， 為什麼還有人必須住在這樣的地方？」

when I have so much?

為什麼桑尼男孩 實現他夢想的能力

Why should Sonny Boy's ability to live out his dreams

是由他的出生地所決定？

be determined by where he's born,

或者就像華倫巴菲特說： 「娘胎是張大樂透」？

or what Warren Buffett called 'the ovarian lottery?'"

我就是搞不懂，

I just didn't get it,

而且我需要知道為什麼。

and I needed to understand why.

我後來才理解，

Now, I only later came to understand

我在菲律賓看到的貧窮，

that the poverty I'd seen in the Philippines

是各種由人有意或無意 所制定的決策而產生的後果，

was the result of decisions made or not made, man-made,

像是一次又一次外來強權的殖民，

by a succession of colonial powers and corrupt governments

或是除了桑尼男孩心願以外 什麼都想要的腐敗政府所造成。

who had anything but the interests of Sonny Boy at heart.

沒錯，「冒煙山」不是他們創造的， 但也是由他們促成的。

Sure, they didn't create Smoky Mountain, but they may as well have.

如果我們想要幫助 像桑尼男孩這樣的孩子，

And if we're to try to help kids like Sonny Boy,

給他們一點小錢

it wouldn't work just to try to send him a few dollars

或者清理他們住家的垃圾 都沒有太大的用處，

or to try to clean up the garbage dump on which he lived,

因為核心問題仍躺在那邊還沒解決。

because the core of the problem lay elsewhere.

我這幾年做了一些社區發展計畫，

And as I worked on community development projects over the coming years

像是試著建學校、

trying to help build schools,

培訓老師、對抗愛滋病毒。

train teachers, and tackle HIV and AIDS,

我開始發現社區的發展，

I came to see that community development

應該是由社區本身來驅動的，

should be driven by communities themselves,

雖然對他們的捐助是必要的， 但這些還不夠。

and that although charity is necessary, it's not sufficient.

我們面對這些的挑戰

We need to confront these challenges

必須採取一個全球性、 有系統的方式。

on a global scale and in a systemic way.

而我能幫上最大的忙，

And the best thing I could do

就是去動員這些世界公民回家，

is try to mobilize a large group of citizens back home

去督促我們的領導人 參與這個系統性的變革。

to insist that our leaders engage in that systemic change.

這也是為什麼幾年之後，

That's why, a few years later,

我跟一群大學的朋友，

I joined with a group of college friends

一起在澳洲舉行 「讓貧窮成為歷史」的運動。

in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia.

我們的夢想是舉辦一個小型音樂會，

We had this dream of staging this small concert

就在 G20 會議期間， 與澳洲當地的藝人一起共襄盛舉，

around the time of the G20 with local Aussie artists,

就在我們接到來自

and it suddenly exploded one day

波諾、The Edge、 珍珠果醬樂團的來電後， 這場盛事，一天內就突然爆紅了起來，

when we got a phone call from Bono, the Edge and Pearl Jam,

他們都答應在我們的 音樂會上擔綱主角。

who all agreed to headline our concert.

那天我有點激動， 你可以看得出來。

I got a little bit excited that day, as you can see.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

但令我們驚訝的是，

But to our amazement,

澳洲政府聽到 我們全體的聲音了，

the Australian government heard our collective voices,

他們答應，會把投入全球 健康和發展的經費提高一倍——

and they agreed to double investment into global health and development --

額外增加 62 億的預算。

an additional 6.2 billion dollars.

這感覺就像——

It felt like --

（掌聲）

(Applause)

這感覺像是一個 不可思議的驗證。

It felt like this incredible validation.

透過將世界公民團結在一起，

By rallying citizens together, we helped persuade our government

我們說服了我們的政府 去做一些不敢想像的事情，

to do the unthinkable,

並採取行動去解決那些 離我們國界數英哩遠地區的問題。

and act to fix a problem miles outside of our borders.

但問題是，

But here's the thing:

這並沒有持續很久。

it didn't last.

你看，政府裡發生了變化，

See, there was a change in government,

六年以後，所有之前新追加的預算

and six years later, all that new money

全都被砍掉了。

disappeared.

我們從中學到了什麼？

What did we learn?

我們學到了，曇花一現是不夠的。

We learned that one-off spikes are not enough.

我們需要的是可以不斷持續地運動，

We needed a sustainable movement,

而不會受到政治家 情緒波動的干擾，

not one that is susceptible to the fluctuating moods of a politician

或經濟衰退預警的影響。

or the hint of an economic downturn.

運動必須在世界各地發生；

And it needed to happen everywhere;

否則，各國政府就有 制式的官方理由推託說，

otherwise, every individual government would have this built-in excuse mechanism

這些全球性的活動， 以一國之力負擔不起。

that they couldn't possibly carry the burden of global action alone.

所以，我們開始進行這項工作。

And so this is what we embarked upon.

當我們開始進行這項挑戰時， 我們自問，

And as we embarked upon this challenge, we asked ourselves,

我們要如何獲得足夠的壓力 並建立起一支足夠強大的部隊

how do we gain enough pressure and build a broad enough army

來贏得這場長期的戰爭？

to win these fights for the long term?

我們只想出了一種辦法。

We could only think of one way.

我們需要以某種方式， 讓人參與「讓貧窮成為歷史」運動

We needed to somehow turn that short-term excitement

可以從短時間的興奮

of people involved with the Make Poverty History campaign

轉變為長時間的熱情，

into long-term passion.

成為他們自我認同的一部分。

It had to be part of their identity.

所以 2012 年我們成立了一個 專門為達成這個目標的組織。

So in 2012, we cofounded an organization that had exactly that as its goal.

這個組織只有一個適合的名字：

And there was only one name for it:

「世界公民」。

Global Citizen.

但這與任何組織都無關。

But this is not about any one organization.

這與公民是否採取行動有關。

This is about citizens taking action.

研究數據告訴我們，

And research data tells us

關注世界問題的總人口當中，

that of the total population who even care about global issues,

大概只有 18% 的人付出了行動。

only 18 percent have done anything about it.

不是大家不想做，

It's not that people don't want to act.

而是他們通常不知道要怎麼做，

It's often that they don't know how to take action,

或者他們覺得自己的行動 起不了作用。

or that they believe that their actions will have no effect.

所以我們需要以某種方式來招募

So we had to somehow recruit and activate millions of citizens

並激勵這些來自 不同國家的無數公民，

in dozens of countries

去向他們的領導人施壓， 請他們無私地付出。

to put pressure on their leaders to behave altruistically.

當我們這樣做之後， 我們發現了一些令人振奮的事情，

And as we did so, we discovered something really thrilling,

就是當你把世界公民運動 當做你的任務，

that when you make global citizenship your mission,

你會突然發現，你身邊有一群 非凡的盟友與你並肩作戰。

you suddenly find yourself with some extraordinary allies.

全球的問題不僅僅只有貧窮，

See, extreme poverty isn't the only issue that's fundamentally global.

還有氣候變遷、

So, too, is climate change,

人權、性別平等，

human rights, gender equality,

甚至衝突。

even conflict.

我們發現我們正與那些

We found ourselves shoulder to shoulder

同樣對解決全球問題 有熱情的人，一起並肩作戰。

with people who are passionate about targeting all these interrelated issues.

但是我們要如何去招募，

But how did we actually go about recruiting

並讓這些世界公民參與活動呢？

and engaging those global citizens?

我們用了世界的共同語言：

Well, we used the universal language:

音樂。

music.

我們在紐約市中心的中央公園

We launched the Global Citizen Festival

舉辦「世界公民音樂節」，

in the heart of New York City in Central Park,

我們說服了一些世界上 最大咖的音樂家來參加。

and we persuaded some of the world's biggest artists to participate.

我們要確保這些活動

We made sure that these festivals coincided

能與聯合國大會會議同時進行，

with the UN General Assembly meeting,

讓那些需要聆聽 我們聲音的領導者們，

so that leaders who need to hear our voices

沒辦法再忽略我們的聲音。

couldn't possible ignore them.

但有一個前提就是：

But there was a twist:

你不能買門票。

you couldn't buy a ticket.

你必須透過實際行動來賺得門票。

You had to earn it.

你必須要為全球議題發聲，

You had to take action on behalf of a global cause,

唯有這樣，你才有足夠的點數 來獲取門票。

and only once you'd done that could you earn enough points to qualify.

行動才是入場券。

Activism is the currency.

我對公民權沒有興趣，因為它無非 只是些讓你自我感覺良好的東西。

I had no interest in citizenship purely as some sort of feel-good thing.

對我而言，公民權利意味著你必須要行動， 而那才是我們所需要的。

For me, citizenship means you have to act, and that's what we required.

驚人的是，起作用了。

And amazingly, it worked.

去年，光是紐約區域 就有超過 15.5 萬的公民，

Last year, more than 155,000 citizens in the New York area alone

取得了足夠參與音樂會的點數。

earned enough points to qualify.

綜觀全球，我們目前已經有來自超過 150 個國家的世界公民登記。

Globally, we've now signed up citizens in over 150 countries around the world.

去年一整年，我們每個星期

And last year, we signed up more than 100,000 new members

都有超過 10 萬人 登記成為新會員。

each and every week of the whole year.

你看，我們不需要無中生有 創造什麼世界公民出來。

See, we don't need to create global citizens from nothing.

我們已經在世界各處了。

We're already everywhere.

我們只需要組織起來，

We just need to be organized

或者動員起來去採取行動。

and motivated to start acting.

而這也是我相信我們可以 從達尼維雅那裡學到的東西，

And this is where I believe we can learn a lot from Davinia,

身為世界公民的她， 在 2012 年就已經展開許多行動。

who started taking action as a global citizen back in 2012.

她是這麼做的。

Here's what she did.

這不是什麼特別難的事。

It wasn't rocket science.

她開始寫信，

She started writing letters,

寄電子郵件到政治人物的辦公室。

emailing politicians' offices.

她在當地社區貢獻自己的時間。

She volunteered her time in her local community.

在她開始與社交媒體接觸

That's when she got active on social media

並開始募零錢後——

and started to collect pennies --

她募到了很多零錢。

a lot of pennies.

也許你們覺得 這些零錢好像沒有很多。

Now, maybe that doesn't sound like a lot to you.

這樣哪能完成什麼事呢？

How will that achieve anything?

其實，我們完成了很多事， 因為她並不孤單。

Well, it achieved a lot because she wasn't alone.

她的行動， 有 14.2 萬的世界公民參與，

Her actions, alongside 142,000 other global citizens',

讓美國政府

led the US government to double their investment

在全球公民意識的教育上 增加了一倍的預算。

into Global Partnership for Education.

這位是美國國際開發組 組長拉吉夫．沙赫博士

And here's Dr. Raj Shah,

發布該項聲明。

the head of USAID, making that announcement.

你看，當數以千計的世界公民 從彼此間找到熱情時，

See, when thousands of global citizens find inspiration from each other,

你會看到他們群聚的力量 真的很驚人。

it's amazing to see their collective power.

像達維妮雅這樣的世界公民 也協助說服世界銀行

Global citizens like Davinia helped persuade the World Bank

增加他們投入在水資源 及公共衛生的經費。

to boost their investment into water and sanitation.

這位是世界銀行總裁吉姆．金，

Here's the Bank's president Jim Kim announcing 15 billion dollars onstage

他在全球公民講台上 宣布要投入 150 億元經費。

at Global Citizen,

印度總理莫迪宣布了他的承諾，

and Prime Minister Modi of India affirmed his commitment

在 2019 年前，他要讓印度 每個家庭及學校都有廁所。

to put a toilet in every household and school across India by 2019.

全球公民受到深夜主持人 史提芬．荷伯的鼓勵，