字幕列表 影片播放
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Hello and welcome everyone, this is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
哈囉大家好,歡迎你們。我是Anglo-Link的Minoo
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Today we're going to look at two modal verbs and a semi-modal verb that are often
今天我們要來學經常被混肴的兩個情態動詞
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confused with each other.
和一個半情態動詞。
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These are: should,
這些為:should
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must and have to.
must 和 have to。
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We'll have a brief look at their formulation and then we'll look at their
我們會先簡短地看一下這些詞的結構,接著我們會看
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usage and differences. And. we'll finish this lesson with a gap filling exercise. By the end of
它們的用法與不同之處。然後以填空練習結束本課程。看完
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this video, you should have a good idea of the differences between these three verbs.
這個影片,你應該會對這三個動詞的不同之處有充足的了解。
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Today's prize draw
今天的抽獎獎品
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is a free Premium+ membership to our website.
是我們網站的免費高級+會員資格。
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This level of membership gives you access to all the online exercises plus
此等級的會員資格可讓你使用所有的線上測驗,和
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the recording of these so you can practise your pronunciation
這些測驗的錄音檔來練習你的發音
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and fluency as well.
以及流暢度。
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To enter the prize draw,
想要參加抽獎的話,
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all you need to do
你只需要
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is to make a comment in the section below.
在影片下方留言。
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So when you're ready,
當你準備好了,
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we can begin our lesson on 'should', 'must' and 'have to'.
我們就可以開始學習'should', 'must' 和 'have to'的課程。
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Modal verbs:
情態動詞:
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'should, 'must' and 'have to'.
'should, 'must' 和 'have to'
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Let's look at formulation first.
我們先來看結構。
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'Should' and 'must' are real modal verbs
'Should' 和 'must' 是真的情態動詞。
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and therefore,
因此,
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like all modal verbs,
就像其他的情態動詞一樣,
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they're always followed by the 'infinitive without to'.
它們的後面總是接著"沒有to"的不定詞。
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"Should do", "Must do".
"Should do", "Must do"
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And, they're the same for all the pronouns.
而,對於所有的代名詞來說,助動詞的形態都是不變的。
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"I should", "He Should", "It Should" etc.
"I should", "He Should", "It Should" 等等。
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Also,
而且,
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they do not need auxiliaries;
它們不需要助動詞;
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they take direct negative and question forms:
它們可以直接變化成否定形和疑問形:
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"I shouldn't.",
"I shouldn't.",
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"We mustn't.",
"We mustn't.",
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"Should I?",
"Should I?",
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"Must we?"
"Must we?"
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And finally, they never combine with another modal verb.
最後,它們從不和其他情態動詞結合。
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You can't say: "you should can". You have to replace 'can' with an alternative:
你不能說:"you should can"。你必須用其他的字眼代替'can':
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"You should be able to..." Or
"You should be able to..." 或者
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instead of "He will must".
代替"He will must"
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You'll have to say:
你必須說:
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"He will have to".
"He will have to"。
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'Have to' is a semi-modal verb.
'Have to'是一個半情態動詞。
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It is like a modal verb because it fulfils a specific function,
它就像是個情態動詞,因為它可執行一個特定的功能,
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but it behaves like an ordinary verb in its formulation.
但它的結構就像是一個普通的動詞。
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It is followed by the 'infinitive without to'
它的後面接"沒有to"的不定詞。
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"have to do",
"have to do",
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but it is conjugated according to pronouns:
但是它會隨著代名詞的變化而改變:
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"I have to",
"I have to",
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"He has to" etc.
"He has to" 等等
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It needs auxiliaries.
它需要接助動詞。
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It doesn't take direct negative and question forms.
它不能直接變化成否定形和疑問形。
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"I don't have to."
"I don't have to."
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"She doesn't have to."
"She doesn't have to."
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"Do I have to?"
"Do I have to?"
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"Does she have to?"
"Does she have to?"
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And finally, it can combine with modal verbs:
最後,它能和助動詞組合起來:
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"You will have to."
"You will have to."
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"He might have to."
"He might have to."
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Right then,
好了。
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let's have a look at usage,
我們來看它們的用法,
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starting with should.
從should開始吧。
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The first use of should is expressing an opinion
should的第一個用法是用來表示一個見解
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or giving or asking for advice.
或給予或詢求建議。
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Let's look at some examples.
我們來看一些例子。
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"I believe nurses should have higher salaries."
我認為護理師應該要有更高的薪水。
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"You look tired.
"你看起來很累。
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I think you should have some rest."
我想你應該休息一下。"
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"He shouldn't make a rushed decision."
"他不應該作出一個匆忙的決定。"
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"Do you think we should phone her?"
"你認為我們應該要打電話給她嗎?"
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"What should I say when I speak to him?"
"當我跟他說話的時候應該要說些什麼?"
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The second usage of should is expressing an expectation.
should的第二個用法是用來表示一個期待。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"He should arrive any minute."
"他應該隨時會到達。"
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"He shouldn't be long now."
"他現在應該不會太久。"
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"He should have arrived by now."
"他現在應該已經到達了。"
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And the third usage of should is expressing regret about a past action.
而should的第三個用法是用來表示對過去的行為感到後悔。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"You should have been more careful."
"你應該要更小心一點的。"
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"I shouldn't have said that."
"我不應該說那句話的。"
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'Ought to' is a synonym for 'should'.
'Ought to'和'should'是同義字。
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It generally sounds more formal than 'should',
一般來說,它聽起來比'should'更正式,
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and is less commonly used,
也較不被普遍地使用,
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particularly in the question form:
尤其是在疑問形:
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So you could say:
你可以說:
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"You ought to have some rest."
"你應當休息一下"
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"He oughtn't to make a rushed decision."
"他不應當作出一個匆忙的決定。"
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"I oughtn't to have said that."
"我不應當說那句話的。"
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But it would be uncommon to say
但不常說
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"Ought we to phone her?"
"Ought we to phone her?"
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Also 'should'
而且 'should'
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(but not 'ought to')
(但是不是 'ought to')
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is used to express a small possibility.
可以被用來表示一個小的可能性。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"If I should ever go back there, I will not make the same mistake again."
"如果我可以回到那裏,我不會再犯下同樣的錯誤。"
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Or
或者
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"Should you need any further assistance,
"如果你需要進一步的協助,
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do not hesitate to contact me."
不用猶豫,來聯絡我。"
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This is a common formula in formal writing.
這在正式寫作中是一個常見的公式。
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Right then, let's move on to 'must'.
好了,我們接著來看"must"。
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The first usage is expressing a necessity
第一個用法是用來表示說話者
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felt by the speaker.
所感受到的必要性。
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We use 'must' for the present and future tenses.
我們使用 'must' 來表達現在式和未來式。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"He is very ill.
"他病得非常重。
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You must call a doctor now."
你現在必須打電話給醫生。"
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"We must not lose the match tomorrow,
"我們明天絕對不能輸掉比賽,
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or we will be out of the tournament."
否則我們就會被淘汰出局。'
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"This is the best book I've ever read.
"這是我讀過最棒的一本書,
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You must read it too."
你也應該要讀它。"
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"You mustn't hesitate to call me if you need help."
"如果你需要幫助的話,不必猶豫,打給我。"
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Looking at the second usage of 'must'.
來看'must'的第二個用法。
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It expresses a prohibition.
它用來表示一個禁令。
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Once again in the present or future tenses.
再次提醒它用於現在式或未來式。
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"You must not use your mobile devices during take-off."
"你不應在起飛時使用通訊儀器"
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"You must not be late for your interview tomorrow."
"明天的面試你絕不能遲到"
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And the third usage of must is an assumption in the present or past
'must'的第三個用法是用過去式或現在式表達的假設,
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in affirmative sentences only.
且只用於肯定句。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"You must be tired after your very long day."
"你經過這漫長的一天,一定很累了吧!"
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"He must have read my letter,
"他一定是讀了我的信,
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because he repeated exactly what I had written."
因為他一字不漏地說了我寫下的話"
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Okay let's have a look at 'have to'.
好,我們來看'have to'。
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'Have to' expresses an external obligation
'have to'用來表示對外的義務。
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in positive sentences.
並使用肯定句。
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For example:
舉例來說:
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"You have to make an appointment to see him."
"要見他的話,你必須先預約"
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"She has failed her exam.
"她的考試不及格。
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She has to retake it."
她必須要重修。"
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The second usage is expressing a necessity or obligation in the past.
第二個用法是用來表示對過去的需要或義務。
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"He was very ill. We had to call the doctor immediately."
"他病得很重。我們當下只得馬上打電話給醫生。"
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"He was very busy.
"He was very busy. "他那時非常忙碌。
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I had to make an appointment to see him."
我得預約才能見到他。"
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Finally, 'have to' removes a necessity or an obligation
最後,'have to'可移除一個需要或一個義務,
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in all the tenses, present, past and future.
可用於任何一種時態,現在、過去和未來皆可。
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"He feels much better now.
"他現在覺得好多了。
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You don't have to call a doctor."
你不需要打電話給醫生了。"
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"I didn't have to make an appointment to see him."
"我那時和他見面不需要預約。"
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"She has passed her exam.
"她通過了考試。
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She won't have to retake it."
她不需要重修了"
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So as you can see,
如你所見,
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the main difference between 'must' and 'have to'
'must'和'have to'最大的差別在於
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is that 'must' is a necessity felt by the speaker,
'must'是說話者所感受到的必要性,
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whereas 'have to' is an external obligation or rule.
而'have to'是一個對外的義務或規矩。
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If this difference is not relevant
如果句子套用兩者的結果無太大差別,
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you can use 'must' and 'have to' interchangeably
你可以交替使用'must'和'have to',
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in positive sentences.
並使用肯定句。
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However, be careful
無論如何,要小心
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that in the negative,
在否定句中,
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'must not' is still a necessity
'must not'仍然是表示一個必須性
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or an obligation
或一個義務
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not to do something.
而不是去做什麼事情。
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It's a prohibition.
它用來表示一個禁令。
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Whereas 'don't have to'
相反地,'don't have to'
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removes the necessity or obligation.
除去了必須性和義務。
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Also note that as 'must' has no past tense
而且要注意'must'沒有過去式
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both obligation and necessity are expressed with
義務和必須性這兩者的過去式必須使用
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'had to' to in the past.
'had to'來表示。
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You may have also come across
你可能有看過
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the expression 'need to'.
'need to'的用法。
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'Need to' is a softer alternative to both 'must' and 'have to'.
'need to'是和'must'和'have to'比起來,語氣較委婉的替代用詞。
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For example:
舉例來說:
-
you could say, "I must finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off." or
你可以說:"I must finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off." "我必須在今晚把這完成,因為明天我想休息。"或
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"I need to finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off."
"I need to finish this tonight, because I want to take tomorrow off." "我得在今晚把這完成,因為明天我想休息。"
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or "I have to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow."
或 "I have to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow." 我必須在今晚把這完成,因為明天是我的繳交期限。"
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In a softer tone, you could say:
用較溫和的語氣,你可以說:
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"I need to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow."
"I need to finish this tonight, my deadline is tomorrow." "我得在今晚把這完成,因為明天是我的繳交期限。"
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'Need to' is an ordinary verb
'Need to'是一個普通動詞,
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and takes auxiliaries.
也接助動詞。
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"Do I need to finish this tonight?"
"Do I need to finish this tonight?"
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I don't need to finish this tonight."
I don't need to finish this tonight."
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You may also come across the modal verb 'need'.
你可能也有看過'need'情態動詞的用法。
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It is not a very common modal verb and can only be used in negative
它並非一個常見的情態動詞,且只能用在否定的
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sentences and questions.
句子和疑問句中。
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So you may hear instead of "do I need to finish this?"
所以你可能會聽到"Need I finish this?"
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"Need I finish this?"
而非"do I need to finish this?"
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or
或者
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Instead of "I don't need to finish this."
不是"I don't need to finish this."
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you may hear
你可能會聽到
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"I needn't finish this."
"I needn't finish this."
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Let's do a gap filling exercise now.
現在讓我們來作填空練習吧!
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"Have you had your exam results?"
"你知道你的考試結果了嗎?"
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"Yes I've failed Biology.
"嗯,我生物被當了。"
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I will ......
我將......
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retake it in August.
在八月重修。"
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I will have to retake it in August."
我將必須在八月重修"
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"Oh sorry.
"喔 抱歉。
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You ......
你......
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be pretty upset.
相當難過。
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You must be pretty upset.
你一定相當難過。
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What about Physics?"
那麼物理呢?"
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"I've passed that but with a very low mark.
"我低空飛過。
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My teacher thinks I ......
我的老師認為我 .......
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retake that too.
也要重修物理。
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My teacher thinks I should retake that too."
我的老師認為我應該也要重修物理。"
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"Do you think you .....
"你覺得你 ......
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retake it?
重修物理?
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Do you think you should retake it?"
你覺得你應該要重修物理?"
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"No, I strongly feel that I ......
"不,我強烈地認為我 .......
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focus on biology.
專注於生物。
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I strongly feel that I must focus on Biology.
我強烈地認為應該要專注於生物。"
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I ...... fail that one.
我那科 ........ 不及格。
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I mustn't fail that one.
我那科不能不及格。
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I ...... get at least a B in Biology to study medicine at university.
如果要在大學讀醫學系,生物學我至少..........要拿個B。
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I have to get at least a B in Biology to study Medicine at university."
如果要在大學讀醫學系,生物學我至少必須要拿個B。"
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"Did you fail Biology last year as well?"
"你去年的生物學也被當了嗎?"
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"No I passed it last year.
"不 我去年及格了。
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I ......
今年我.......
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have passed it this year too.
也得及格。
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I should have passed it this year too.
今年我應該也得及格。
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I just didn't study enough."
我只是沒念那麼足。"
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"You ....... have studied enough! You always do."
"你 ...... 要念足的!你一直都是這樣的阿。"
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You must have studied enough you always do.
你應該要念足的!你一直都是這樣的阿。"
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The exam .....
這考試 ......
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have been difficult.
很難。
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The exam must have been difficult."
這考試一定是很難。"
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No, the exam wasn't difficult. I was too tired.
不,考試不難。我是太累了。
-
I ......
我 .......
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have partied the night before.
在考試前一天去參加派對。
-
I shouldn't have partied the night before.
我不應該在考試前一天去參加派對。
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I ...... have studied instead.
我 ....... 念書才對。
-
I should have studied instead."
我應該要念書才對。"
-
Oh, I see. Well, you are good at Biology.
喔,我知道了。反正,你的生物很好。
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You ....... be able to pass it in August.
你 ....... 可以在八月時考及格。
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You should be able to pass it in August."
你應該可以在八月時考及格。
-
"I hope so.
"我希望囉。
-
I will ......
我將 ......
-
find a summer job as well. My dad insists!
也找一份暑期打工。我爸堅持讓我這麼作!
-
I will
I will 我將
-
have to find a summer job as well."
必須也找一份暑期打工,我爸堅持讓我這麼作!
-
"Did you have a summer job last year?"
"你去年有暑期打工嗎?"
-
"No, I didn't .....
"不,我沒有 .....
-
work last summer.
在去年暑假工作。
-
I didn't have to work last summer.
我沒有必須在去年暑假工作。
-
I had some savings then."
那時我還有一點儲蓄。"
-
"What happened to your savings?"
"你存的錢怎麼了?"
-
I ......
我 ......
-
buy a car because my flat was too far from the college.
買一台車,因為我的公寓離大學太遠了。
-
I had to buy a car."
我得買一台車。"
-
"Well, good luck with your retake. You .......
"好吧,祝你重修順利。你 ......
-
let me know how it went.
讓我知道結果。
-
You must let me know how it went."
你一定要讓我知道結果。"
-
Right, that's the end of this lesson, I hope you've enjoyed it.
好了。這個課程到此結束。我希望你學得很愉快。
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As you know, you can now go to our website anglo-link.com for further explanations
如你所知道的,現在你可以上我們的網站anglo-link.com去看進一步的解說
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and exercises.
和練習題。
-
Thank you for watching, I look forward to seeing you in our next video.
謝謝你的觀賞,期待在我們下個影片中看到你。
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Bye now!
現在掰掰囉!