I want to talk about the future of human-driven transportation

我想來談談人類交通工具的未來

about how we can cut congestion, pollution and parking

以及我們如何透過共乘、減少車量

by getting more people into fewer cars

來解決塞車、污染、和停車問題

and how we can do it with the technology that's in our pockets

以及我們如何利用我們口袋裡的科技來辦到這件事

And yes, I'm talking about smartphones ...

是的，我指的就是智慧型手機⋯⋯

not self-driving cars

不是無人駕駛車

But to get started we've got to go back over 100 years.

首先我們要先回溯到一百年前

Because it turns out there was an Uber way before Uber.

因為早在 Uber 出現前就已經有 Uber 了

And if it had survived,

而他當時若生存下去

the future of transportation would probably already be here.

未來交通或許已經是現在進行式了

So let me introduce you to the jitney.

讓我向各位介紹 jitney（過去小公共汽車）

In 1914 it was created or invented

它源自於1914年

by a guy named LP Draper.

ㄧ位名叫 LP Draper 的發明

He was a car salesman from LA, and he had an idea.

一位來自洛杉磯的汽車業務靈機一動

Well, he was cruising around downtown Los Angeles, my hometown,

他當時在洛杉磯，也就是我的家鄉，的市區徘徊

and he saw trolleys with long lines of people

看到電車的乘客大排長龍

trying to get to where they wanted to go.

等著要被載到目的地

He said, well, why don't I just put a sign on my car

他想我何不在我的車上放個告示

that takes people wherever they want to go

招攬乘客

for a jitney -- that was slang for a nickel.

而且只要五塊錢，當時五塊錢的俗稱正是 jitney

And so people jumped on board,

乘客就搭上我的車

and not just in Los Angeles but across the country.

而且不僅限於洛杉磯而是整個國家

And within one year, by 1915,

就在一年內，1915年

there were 50,000 rides per day in Seattle,

西雅圖的乘載數是每日50,000

45,000 rides per day in Kansas

堪薩斯州的乘載數是每日45,000

and 150,000 rides per day in Los Angeles.

而洛杉磯則是每日150,000

To give you some perspective,

給大家一點概念

Uber in Los Angeles

Uber 在洛杉磯

is doing 157,000 rides per day,

的乘載數是每日157,000

today ... 100 years later

這是今天的數字，也就是一百年後的今天

And so these are the trolley guys,

他們就是電車男孩

the existing transportation monopoly at the time.

電車當時壟斷交通市場

They were clearly not happy about the jitney juggernaut.

因此對小公共汽車的崛起相當不滿

And so they got to work

所以他們開始動作

and they went to cities across the country

從一個城市到另一個城市

and got regulations put in place

爭取交通條例

to slow down the growth of the jitney.

阻礙小公共汽車的發展

And there were all kinds of regulations.

所以就有各式各樣的規定條例

There were licenses -- often they were pricey.

像是昂貴的駕照

In some cities, if you were a jitney driver,

在一些城市中，如果你是小公共汽車的駕駛

you were required to be in the jitney for 16 hours a day.

你會被規定要一天在車內16小時

In other cities, they required two jitney drivers for one jitney.

也有其他城市會規定一台公共汽車中必須有兩位駕駛

But there was a really interesting regulation

其中最有趣的條例是

which was they had to put a backseat light --

必須在車內裝置後座燈

install it in every Jitney --

每一輛小公共汽車都要

to stop a new pernicious innovation which they called spooning.

來杜絕當時男女交歡的新風氣

All right. So what happened?

沒錯。所以接下來呢？

Well, within a year this thing had taken off.

一年之內這個玩意兒快速發展

But the jitney, by 1919,

而小公共汽車的企劃，在1919年

was regulated completely out of existence.

就被規定完全消失了

That's unfortunate ...

真的很不幸

because, well, when you can't share a car,

因為當你無法共享一台車時

then you have to own one.

你就必須擁有一台車

And car ownership skyrocketed

也因此車主的人數猛然上漲

and it's no wonder that by 2007,

也不意外的在2007年

there was a car for every man, woman and child in the United States.

所有的美國人不論男女老幼，都擁有一台車

And that phenomenon had gone global.

而且這個現象蔓延到全球

In China by 2011,

2011年的中國

there were more car sales happening in China than in the US.

汽車業務的人口就高於美國

Now, all this private ownership of course had a public cost.

現在，這些私人擁有權當然造成公共成本

In the US, we spend 7 billion hours a year,

在美國，我們一年浪費七十億小時的時間

wasted, sitting in traffic.

呆坐在車陣中

160 billion dollars in lost productivity,

同樣的，一千六百億美元的生產力

of course also sitting in traffic,

就這樣被塞車消磨掉了

and one-fifth of all of our carbon footprint

而五分之一的二氧化碳空氣污染

is spewed out in the air by those cars that we're sitting in.

更是被塞車中的汽車排放到空氣之中

Now, that's only four percent of our problem though.

現在，以上只是問題的4%

Because if you have to own a car

因為如果你擁有一台車

then that means 96 percent of the time your car is sitting idle.

代表你的車有96%的時間都是閒置的

And so, up to 30 percent of our land and our space

卻要用上我們土地的30%的平面空間

is used storing these hunks of steel.

來想辦法擱置這一大塊鋼鐵

We even have skyscrapers built for cars.

我們甚至蓋了高樓停車場

That's the world we live in today.

這就是我們的現實世界

Now, cities have been dealing with this problem for decades.

很多城市也被「大眾運輸」的問題困擾多年

It's called mass transit.

很多城市也被「大眾運輸」的問題困擾多年

And even in a city like New York City,

甚至是像紐約市

one of the most densely populated in the world

全球人口最密集的城市之一

and one of the most sophisticated tremendous mass transit systems in the world,

以及全球大眾運輸系統最完善的城市之一

there are still 2.5 million cars

都還有兩百五十萬輛車

that go over those bridges every day.

每天都在通勤

Why is that?

這是為什麼呢？

Well, it's because mass transit

因為大眾運輸

hasn't yet figured out how to get to everybody's doorstep.

無法挨家挨戶的載客

And so back in San Francisco, where I live,

在舊金山，也就是我的居住地

the situation's much worse, in fact,

這個情況更糟，事實上

much worse around the world.

舊金山的情況太糟了

And so the beginning of Uber in 2010 was --

2010年 Uber 剛起步時，

well, we just wanted to push a button and get a ride.

當時的構想純粹是：讓乘車只有一鍵之遙

We didn't have any grand ambitions.

並非什麼雄心壯志

But it just turned out that lots of people

但卻發現很多人

wanted to push a button and get a ride,

都想要按一個按鈕後就可以乘車

and ultimately what we started to see

也讓我們開始發現

was a lot of duplicate rides.

有很多重複的路線

We saw a lot of people pushing the same button

我們看到很多人同時按下按鈕

at the same time going essentially to the same place.

並且有相同的目的地

And so we started thinking about, well,

所以我們開始思考，

how do we make those two trips and turn them into one.

該如何讓兩趟相同的路線合而為一

Because if we did,

因為如果我們辦得到

that ride would be a lot cheaper

那乘車將會更便宜

up to 50 percent cheaper

等於是半價

and of course for the city you've got

而且當然爾，你的城市

a lot more people and a lot fewer cars.

會有更多的人但更少的車子

And so the big question for us was: would it work?

所以關鍵的問題是：這樣行得通嗎？

Could you have a cheaper ride

乘車是否可以更便宜？

cheap enough that people would be willing to share it?

便宜到足以讓人願意與他人共乘？

And the answer, fortunately, is a resounding yes.

幸運地，這個答案是肯定的。

In San Francisco, before uberPOOL, we had

在舊金山，uberPOOL之前，

-- well, everybody would take their car wherever the heck they wanted.

大家愛把車開到哪就開到哪

And the bright colors is where we have the most cars.

顏色越鮮豔車子越多

And once we introduced uberPOOL,

但當我們推出 uberPOOL 後，

well, you see there's not as many bright colors.

我們可以看到顏色鮮豔的部分減少了

More people getting around the city in fewer cars,

表示大家同樣在城市中移動但更少車流量了

taking cars off the road.

車流量減少

It looks like uberPOOL is working.

代表 uberPOOL 是成功的

And so we rolled it out in Los Angeles eight months ago.

因此，八個月後我們在洛杉磯推出該專案

And since then, we've taken 7.9 million miles off the roads

自此，我們省下七百九十萬哩路

and we've taken 1.4 thousand metric tons of CO2 out of the air.

並且減少空氣中1400公噸的二氧化碳污染

But the part that I'm really --

但我最喜歡的部份是

But my favorite statistic

數據

remember, I'm from LA,

記得，我來自洛杉磯

I spent years of my life

我花了好多年

sitting behind the wheel,

坐在車上思考

going, "How do we fix this?"

「我們該如何解決這個問題呢？」

my favorite part is that eight months later,

我最開心的是在八個月後，

we have added 100,000 new people that are carpooling every week.

我們帶動100,000位新人加入

Now, in China everything is supersized,

現在，在中國所有的事情都是大量的

and so we're doing 15 million uberPOOL trips per month,

我們 uberPOOL 在中國已經達到每月一千五百萬乘車數

that's 500,000 per day.

也就是一天五十萬

And of course we're seeing that exponential growth happen.

我們見證了這樣的成長

In fact, we're seeing it in LA, too.

而洛杉磯的成長抑是有目共睹

And when I talk to my team,

但我和我的團隊

we don't talk about,

我們不會說

"Hey, well, 100,000 people carpooling every week...

「嘿，現在每週有100,000參與 uberPOOL⋯⋯

and we're done."

我們完成目標了。」

How do we get that to a million?

而是說「我們接下來要如何達到一百萬？」

And in China,

以中國來說

well, that could be several million.

這數字甚至會成長為好幾百萬

And so uberPOOL

所以 uberPOOL

is a very great solution for urban carpooling.

對城市共乘來說是個很好的解決方法。

But what about the suburbs?

那郊區呢？

This is the street where I grew up in Los Angeles,

這是我在洛杉磯長大的巷弄

it's actually a suburb called Northridge, California,

這裡是郊區，是加州的北嶺

and, well -- look, those mailboxes,

看看這排信箱

they kind of just go on forever.

他們看起來永無止盡

And every morning at about the same time,

每天早上固定的時間

cars roll of out their driveway,

車子會從車庫中駛出

most of them, one person in the car,

幾乎都是一人開一台車

and they go to work,

大家趕著上班

they go to their place of work.

開著車要去公司

So the question for us is:

我們要思考的問題是：

well, how do we turn all of these commuter cars --

我們要如何讓這些通勤的車

and literally there's tens of millions of them --

—我這裡指的車子是成千上百萬台車 —

how do we turn all these commuter cars into shared cars?

我們要如何把通勤的車變成共乘的車？

Well, we have something for this that

是的，為此

we recently launched called uberCOMMUTE.

我們最近推出了 uberCOMMUTE

You get up in the morning,

你早上起床

get ready for work,

準備上班

get your coffee,

泡了杯咖啡

go to your car and you light up the Uber app,

準備開車出門時點開 Uber 的應用程式

and all of a sudden,

就這樣

you become an Uber driver.

你就成為了 Uber 司機

And we'll match you up with one of your neighbors on your way to work

而我們會替你配一位鄰居乘客一起上班

and it's a really great thing

這是一件很美好的事情

There's just one hitch ... it's called regulation.

但現在被法規侷限了

So 54 cents a mile, what is that?

一英里54塊錢，這是什麼？

Well, that is what the US government

這是美國政府

has determined that the cost of owning a car is per mile.

制定一輛車開駛一英里的成本價

You can pick up anybody in the United States

你可以在美國載任何人

and take them wherever they want to go at a moment's notice,

到任何他們想去的地方

for 54 cents a mile or less.

並收取一英里少於$54塊的費用

But if you charge 60 cents a mile,

但是如果你一英里收60塊

you're a criminal.

你就犯法了

But what if for 60 cents a mile

但要是一英里收60塊錢

we could get half a million more people carpooling in Los Angeles?

可以讓洛杉磯多五十萬人共乘

And what if at 60 cents a mile

然後要是一英里收60塊錢

we could get 50 million people carpooling in the United States?

可以讓美國多5千萬共乘

If we could, it's obviously something we should do.

如果這是可行的，那我們當然勢在必行

And so it goes back to the lesson of the jitney.

這帶我們回到過去小公共汽車的教訓

If by 1915 this thing was taking off,

如果1915年這玩意兒順利發展

imagine without the regulations that happened,

設想當時法規沒有局限它的發展

if that thing could just keep going.

要是這個交通工具繼續發展

How would our cities be different today?

我們今天的城市會有何不同？

Would we have parks in the place of parking lots?

公園是否將會取代停車場？

Well, we lost that chance.

雖然我們已失去一次機會

But technology has given us another opportunity.

但科技再度給我們另一個機會

Now, I'm as excited as anybody else

我跟所有人一樣引頸期盼

about self-driving cars

無人駕駛車

but do we have to really wait

但我們真的要再空等

five, 10 or even 20 years to make our new cities a reality?

五年十年甚至是二十年來讓更好的城市成真嗎？

With the technology in our pockets today,

今天，只要靠我們口袋裡的科技

and a little smart regulation,

以及一點智慧規範

we can turn every car into a shared car,

我們就能把所有的車變成共乘車

and we can reclaim our cities starting today.

我們今天就能開始改變城市

Thank you.

謝謝大家

Travis, thank you.

崔維斯，謝謝你

Thank you.

謝謝

You know --

你知道嗎

I mean the company you've built

你的企業

is absolutely astounding.

真是太不可思議了

You only just talked about a small part of it here

當然你今天只分享了 Uber 的一小部分

a powerful part

很強大的一部分

the idea of turning cars into public transport like that,

像是將汽車變成大眾交通工具的想法

it's cool.

太酷了

But I've got a couple of questions

但我有一些問題想請教

because I know they're out there on people's minds.

因為我知道大家心中都很好奇

So first of all, last week I think it was,

首先，上個禮拜

I switched on my phone and tried to book an Uber

我用手機想使用 Uber 乘車時

and I couldn't find the app.

竟然找不到應用程式

You had this very radical, very bold, brave redesign.

因為你們有這前衛且大膽的重新設計

Sure.

是的

How did it go?

這評價如何呢？

Did you notice other people not finding the app that day?

你有發現當天有其他人也找不到應用程式嗎？

Are you going to win people over for this redesign?

你是否會以這新的設計擄獲眾人？

Well, first I should probably just say,

首先我想先談談

well, what we were trying to accomplish.

我們心目中的目標

And I think if you know a little bit about our history,

如果你了解我們的成立背景

it makes a lot more sense.

就比較好理解

Which is, when we first got started,

那就是，我們剛起步的時候

it was just black cars.

只有黑色轎車

It was literally you push a button and get an S-Class.

就是只要按下按鍵就有豪華轎車接送

And so what we did was almost what I would call

所以我們當時在做的比較像是

an immature version of a luxury brand

尚未成熟版本的奢侈品牌

that looked like a badge on a luxury car.

Uber 當時像是豪華轎車的徽章

And as we've gone worldwide

向全球發展後

and gone from S-Classes to auto rickshaws in India,

我們在印度一手包辦從豪華轎車至成人力車

it became something that was important for us to go

我們開始更重視

to be more accessible,

如何更容易取得

to be more hyperlocal,

如何更加本地化

to be about the cities we were in

如何和所處的城市連結

and that's what you see with the patterns and colors.

這就是現在圖案和顏色的設計緣由

And to be more iconic,

我們也想要更具指標性

because a U doesn't mean anything in Sanskrit,

因為 U 在梵文不具任何意義

and a U doesn't mean anything in Mandarin.

U 在中文也不具任何意義

And so that was a little bit what it was about.

這是大致上的概念

Now, when you first roll out something like that,

初試啼聲時

I mean, your hands are sweating, you've got --

我們手冒冷汗

you know, you're a little worried.

因為我們很擔心

What we saw is a lot of people --

我們看到很多人

actually, at the beginning,

實際上，一開始

we saw a lot more people opening the app

我們看到很多人打開應用程式