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Hi. I’m Carl Azuz. Happy to see this Tuesday for 10 minutes of world events.
嗨!我是Carl Azuz,很高興在禮拜二與您分享十分鐘的國際大事
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We’ve got some news out of the war-torn nation of Syria, leading off our show.
我們收到有關飽受戰火摧殘的敘利亞相關消息,作為我們節目的開始
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Russia has been involved in the conflict.
俄羅斯已經介入這場衝突
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Since last September, it’s been launching airstrikes that military analysts say
自去年九月開始,俄羅斯已經發動了幾次空襲,據軍事分析家表示
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have helped the Syrian government forces of President Bashar al-Assad.
此舉幫助了敘利亞總統巴賽爾.阿賽德的政府軍
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Monday, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced his military would pull out of Syria starting today.
這星期一,俄羅斯總統佛拉迪米爾.普丁宣布俄國軍隊將撤出敘利亞
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The Russian leader says his nation’s goals in Syria have been reached.
普丁也表示,俄國在敘利亞的目標已經達成
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The announcement was made at the same time that peace talks resume.
在做出此份聲明的同時和談也重新開始
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They involve Syria’s government, different rebel groups and international officials.
和談內容則是有關敘利亞政府、不同反抗軍以及國際官員們
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And some analysts say the Russian withdrawal is a sign that
有些分析學者也指出,俄羅斯的撤退象徵了
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President Putin is now pushing Syria’s leader to reach a political settlement
總統普丁現在想要迫使敘利亞的領導者達成政治妥協
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and end the nation’s 5-year-old civil war.
並結束國家五年的內戰
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Moving through rebel-held Northern Syria is difficult and dangerous.
行經由反抗軍佔領的敘利亞北部既困難又危險
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As foreign journalists in areas with a strong jihadist presence,
身為外國記者的我們身處充斥聖戰士的地區
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we had to travel undercover to see a war few outsiders have witnessed.
必須蒙面以見識一場罕為人見的戰爭
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The city of Idlib is the only provincial capital under rebel control.
伊德利普省的城市是唯一由反抗軍所控制的首都
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This was its courthouse until it was hit by an airstrike in December.
這原本是法院大樓,直到12月時被空襲擊中
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Dozens were killed.
數十名被炸死
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Forty year old lawyer, Tala al-Jaway told us he was inside the building when it was hit.
四十歲的律師,Tala al-Jaway告訴我們當空襲發生時,他躲在建築物裏頭
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His arm was smashed, but he was lucky to survive.
手臂雖被炸傷,但他幸運的存活下來
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The Russian planes target anything that works in the interest of the people.
俄國戰機的攻擊目標是任何和人民利益相關的事情
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The goal is that people here live a destroyed life,
像是讓這裡的人們過者悲慘的生活
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that people never see any good, that they never taste life.
人們看不見光明,也無法享受人生
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This is the tax of living in a liberated area.
這就是被解放地區的生活負擔
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An hour later we saw that tax for ourselves while filming in a town nearby.
過了一小時,當我們在城鎮附近錄影時,見證了所謂的負擔
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We heard the scream of fighter jets wheeling overhead.
我們聽到了戰鬥機飛行過的尖銳聲音
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Moments later a hit.
沒過多久,就是一個襲擊
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There was just an airstrike here in the town of Ariha so we’re now driving very quickly.
剛剛在阿里哈城發生了一起空襲,所以我們現在正迅速前往
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It’s not clear yet what was hit
目前還不清楚什麼遭受了空襲
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but we are hearing that there are still planes in the sky.
但我們仍聽得到飛機在空中的聲音
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Arriving on the scene our team found chaos and carnage.
當我們的團隊到達現場,看到的是混亂與屠殺
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Russia has repeatedly claimed it is only hitting terrorist targets.
俄羅斯重聲他們的目標是恐怖攻擊者
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This strike hit a busy fruit market.
這起空襲擊中的卻是繁忙的水果市場
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This is just a civilian market. This is not a military area.
這只是市民市場,這不是軍事地區
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There are no military installation or anything.
這裡根本沒有軍事設施或其他東西
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It’s a market. Look it’s a market, a fruit market.
就只是個市場。你看!這是個市場,一個水果市場
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Is this what you want, Bashar?
這就是你想要的嗎,巴賽爾?
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We couldn’t stay long. Often jets circle back to hit the same place twice.
我們無法久留,因為通常飛機會繞回來再次襲擊同一個地方
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It’s called a double tap.
這被稱為「雙重襲擊」
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The strikes on Ariha that day killed 11 people among them a woman and two children.
當天阿里哈城的空襲有11人死亡,其中包括一位婦人和兩個小孩
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Rescue workers wasted no time in clearing away the rubble.
救難人員如火如荼的清理碎石
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In this ugly war, massacres have become routine.
在這醜陋的戰爭中,大屠殺變成日常生活
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Big day in the U.S. presidential nomination process.
美國總統提名過程的大日子
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Five states are holding contests for the Republican and Democratic candidates.
還有五個州攸關共和黨和民主黨候選人的提名
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For the Republicans, two of these states are winner-take-all.
對共和黨而言,其中兩州採贏者全拿
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Meaning that whoever wins the Florida and Ohio GOP contests wins all of the state’s delegates.
也就是,不管誰贏得佛羅里達州跟俄亥俄州共和黨初選的選票多數,就贏下整州所有的選舉人票
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Before today’s vote, businessman Donald Trump was leading the Republicans.
今天之前的選戰,企業家唐諾.川普目前在共和黨初選中領先
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He gathered 462 delegates.
他囊括462票
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Texas Senator Ted Cruz had 371.
德州參議員泰德.克魯茲獲得371票
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Florida Senator Marco Rubio had 165, and Ohio Governor John Kasich had 63.
佛羅里達州的參議員馬可.魯比歐有165票,而俄亥俄州長約翰.卡西奇有63票
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For the GOP nomination, 1,237 delegates are needed.
而要贏得共和黨提名,需要1237張選舉人票
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For the Democrats, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton was leading.
至於民主黨,前國務卿希拉蕊.克林頓暫時領先
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She’d gathered 1,244 delegates overall.
她總共囊括了1244張選票
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Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders had 574 total.
佛蒙特州參議員伯尼.桑德斯共有574張票
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For the Democratic nomination, 2,383 delegates are needed.
要贏得民主黨提名,得要有2383張票
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Time to answer the call of the roll,
該是來回應我們的點名時間
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and checking with who’s watching our show around the world.
也看看哪些人在世界各地觀看我們的節目
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We’ll start with the Eagles of Wolcott High School.
我們從沃爾科高中的老鷹們開始
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Thank you for watching from Wolcott in the Constitution State of Connecticut.
感謝你們從康乃狄克這個憲法之州觀看節目
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Jumping South to the Lone Star State.
跳到南方的孤星之州 (註:孤星之州就是德州,因州旗上的星星而得名。)
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The Spartans are online at St. Stephen’s Episcopal School.
在聖史蒂芬主教學校的斯巴達戰士們也在線上留言
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It’s in the state capital, Austin.
學校位於首都奧斯頓
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And on the largest island in the Mediterranean, that’s Sicily, Italy.
再來是地中海最大的島嶼,義大利的西西里島
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Hello to everyone watching at Sigonella Middle/High School.
在西各內拉中學觀看的大家你們好
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The vernal equinox, when daylight and nighttime are about the same length, will occur this weekend.
白天與夜晚近乎一樣長的春分,始於這禮拜
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In the southern hemisphere, it’s the first official day of fall,
對南半球而言,這代表秋天正式來臨
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in the northern hemisphere, the first of spring.
對北半球而言,則是春天的開始
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For many parts of the U.S., allergists are warning that
對美國很多地區而言,過敏者警告
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it doesn’t have to officially be spring for pollen to attack.
不一定要春天正式來臨,花粉才會開始攻擊
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Whether or not you believe in the perfunctory prognostications of Punxsutawney Phil,
不論你相不相信彭蘇唐尼‧菲爾每年的預測 (註:彭蘇唐尼‧菲爾是賓州土撥鼠節一隻預測春天是否來臨的土撥鼠。)
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who said spring is coming early this year,
他說今年的春天會來的比較早
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there’s something in the air we can count on every year.
每年在空氣中還是有我們可以察覺的
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Yes, pollen, as in pollen me while I sneeze again.
沒錯,花粉,也就是如果灑在我身上我會打噴嚏的那種
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You can blame men for this one, at least the male components of plants.
你可以因而責怪男性,至少責怪植物的雄性組成
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They produce countless grains of the stuff that fertilizes other plants,
他們製造出數不清的小顆粒,使其他植物受精
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but also sometimes winds up planted in our noses.
但有時這些顆粒最後還飛到我們的鼻子中
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Here’s the fun part, and by fun I mean terrible.
有趣的部份來了,我說有趣是指可怕
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In some parts of the U.S., pollen sneezing is starting earlier this year.
美國的部分區域,因花粉而打噴嚏的情況今年將會提早發生
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Tree pollen is supposed to peak in March, grass pollen in the following weeks.
樹上的花粉應該在三月達到高峰,地面上的花粉則在之後的星期接續著
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What does that mean?
這是什麼意思呢?
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Well, researchers count the number of pollen grains in a cubic meter of air,
研究學者計算出花粉粒在一立方公尺的空氣中的數目
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a count of 120 or more is considered high.
達到或超過120就是高濃度
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But in the recent years, the southeast has seen counts in the thousands.
但近幾年來,東南部區域卻見過更多
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If you’re not allergic, you’ll notice the pollen on your yellow car,
如果你沒過敏,你會發現花粉出現在你本來不是黃色
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which didn’t start out yellow.
但卻發黃的車子上
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If you are allergic, you’ll now by the coughing, sneezing, wheezing, sniffling,
如果你有過敏,那現在應該已經被各種咳嗽、噴嚏、呵氣、吸氣等
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allergic suffering that pollen brings you.
由花粉帶來的過敏所苦
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The worst times for pollen are dawn and dusk,
花粉最猖狂的時間是清晨跟黃昏
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so you want to try to be indoors then.
所以那些時候最好待在室內
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The best, right after it rains, when the air is clearer.
最好也最適合的時間是下過雨後,空氣比較乾淨時
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Here’s hoping your pollen season isn’t a-pollen.
希望你的花粉季不要充斥著花粉
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We’ve walked on the moon, sent spacecraft to the far reaches of our solar system,
人類曾登陸月球、發射太空器到達遙遠的太陽系
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yet humans have only explored 5 percent of the world’s oceans.
但我們卻只探索過世上5%的海洋
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Why? Well, for one thing, building a submersible that can withstand the water pressure
為什麼呢?一個原因,建造能承受水壓的潛水艇
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takes a feat of engineering.
是一個大工程
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Deep water exploration is time consuming.
深海探測非常花時間
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It’s expensive.
也要價不斐
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Researchers have trouble getting funding, and like space exploration, it’s dangerous.
研究人員苦於無人資助,而深水探索也像探索宇宙,十分危險
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But there are inventors who are making deep strides.
但仍有發明家跨出了一大步
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The latest suit that we’re building right now is called an Exo Suit.
我們在做的最新潛水裝叫做「潛水外衣」
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And exo very simply is from exoskeleton,
而「外」字是取自外骨骼
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like a crab shell and all your soft meat inside it doing what you want to do.
就像蟹殼,裡面你柔軟的身體能做你想做的事
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So, it’s kind of like Ironman come to life.
所以有點像是真實版鋼鐵人
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My name is Phil Nuytten and I design and build things to go under the sea, deep under the sea.
我叫菲爾.紐頓,我負責設計跟製作能潛進海底下的東西,潛進深層的海底下
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Inside the suit, you’re at the same pressure that we were designed to be at
在這種潛水裝裡面,你所承受的壓力是跟我們設計的壓力
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-- the pressure that we’re at right now.
——現在的壓力是一樣
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And with this suit, you get on to a thousand feet and even deeper
穿著這件潛水裝,就算你到達幾千英呎,甚至更深
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and have no pressure effects whatsoever because inside, it is one atmosphere.
也不會感受到任何壓力,因為裡頭,永遠都是一大氣壓
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The suits are better suited for working. Your arms are actually in there.
這種潛水裝便於工作。你的手臂在裡面
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Your hands are gripping the grippers and so, when you move, it moves.
你的手能抓住機器手臂,然後當你動的時候,它也跟著動
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It’s really kind of a paradox in as much as it has to be
這其實有點矛盾,因為潛水裝要
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absolutely rigid to withstand that high outside pressure let’s say, a thousand feet,
夠堅固來承受外在的高壓,假設一千英呎的話
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the pressure is 500 pounds per square inch.
那它要承受的壓力就是一平方英吋500磅
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But it has to be flexible, so you can move the arms and legs and work.
但同時潛水衣也得夠靈活,讓你的手腳能自由活動
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Otherwise, what’s the point you’re down there?
否則,潛到那麼深又有什麼用呢?
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The suit has a tether to the surface
潛水裝跟水面有一條栓繩連接
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and that tether provide you with power because the suit flies,
而那條栓繩提供了動力,因為這套潛水裝能飛
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it has thrusters on it and it flies around on the end of this umbilical.
它上面裝有推進器,可以讓潛水裝飛行到這條臍帶的盡頭
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So, why doesn’t everybody do it?
所以,為什麼不是大家都在做呢?
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Well, first of all, the suits are very hard to build, and they’re expensive.
首先,這種潛水裝很難製作,很且非常昂貴
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They’re very expensive.
非常非常昂貴
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So, the most difficult thing is getting the price down.
所以,最困難的事情就是降低售價
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Going down the Exo Suit is almost always going down for a purpose.
穿上潛水外衣幾乎總是為了某種目的下水
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I want to be able to accomplish the task,
我想要能完成任務
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whatever it is, whether photography, welding, cutting, blast and burning
不管是什麼,不論是攝影、焊接、剪裁、轟擊還是燃燒
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and not think about the suit at all.
都完全不會想到潛水衣
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You shouldn’t even know it’s there. It has to be unremarkable.
你不應該知道潛水裝的存在。它應該不會被察覺的
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The more unremarkable, the better.
越不會被察覺就越好
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I guess what drives me is that there’s still so much more to be done.
我想驅使我的是因為還有很多還需要去完成
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It’s tremendous to be able to go to greater depths
能進到更深的地方真的很棒
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that you’ve been to ever before and to examine them.
去到你從沒去過的地方然後檢驗看看
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And when archeologists and scientists are able to go down there,
當考古學家與科學家能夠潛入水中
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the deeper they go, the more things that find that they didn’t know existed.
他們到達越深,他們就越能發現更多以前所不知道但卻存在的事物
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If you just can’t decide whether you’d rather ride a rollercoaster or play videogames,
如果你不能決定要坐雲霄飛車還是打電動的話
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well, now you can do both, at the same time.
現在你可以同時,兩個都做!
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A U.S. theme park has incorporated virtual reality gaming into one of its coasters.
美國一家主題樂園將虛擬實境電玩與雲霄飛車結合
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While you ride, you see an entirely different set of scenery,
當你坐在雲霄飛車上,卻能看見完全不同的景色
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you see aliens and you shoot them. Oh, and you ride the rollercoaster.
你會看到外星人,還可以朝他們射擊。喔,而且你還坐在雲霄飛車上
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Will this become the way we all ride coasters in the future?
這會變成我們未來坐雲霄飛車的方式嗎?
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Depends on the type of coaster.
就看是哪一種飛車了
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Some people won’t be able to handle the suspension.
有些人沒辦法承受懸掛式的雲霄飛車
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Some won’t have nerves of steel.
有些人則沒有如同鋼索般的膽子
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Some will want to boomerang back and get back on track with the old school non-VR days
有些人只想要在來來回回的雲霄飛車上,回到以前沒有虛擬實境的軌道上
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when you wouldn’t want to change a thing.
當你什麼也不想改變的時候
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And though we’re on a roll coastering through every bad pun we’ve got,
雖然我們歷經了各種拙劣的雙關語
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this ride over y’all. Hope you get back on tomorrow.
但這趟旅程也結束了。希望我們明天再見