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We need to change the culture in our jails and prisons,
我們必須改變我們的 拘留所和監獄裡的文化,
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especially for young inmates.
尤其是年輕囚犯的監獄。
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New York state is one of only two in the U.S.
美國僅有兩個州自動將16歲和17歲 的年輕人以成年人逮捕和審判,
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that automatically arrests and tries 16- to 17-year-olds as adults.
而紐約就是其中之一。
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This culture of violence takes these young people
這個暴力的文化將這些年輕人
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and puts them in a hostile environment,
放入一個惡劣的環境裡,
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and the correctional officers pretty much allow any and everything to go on.
而懲教人員幾乎允許任何事發生。
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There's not really much for these young people to do
這些年輕人幾乎無法
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to actually enhance their talent and actually rehabilitate them.
切實提升他們的才華 或真正改過自新。
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Until we can raise the age of criminal responsibility to 18,
在我們能夠將刑事責任的年齡 提高到18歲以前,
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we need to focus on changing the daily lives of these young people.
我們必須著力於改變 這些年輕人的日常生活。
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I know firsthand.
我是過來人。
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Before I ever turned 18,
在我18歲以前,
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I spent approximately 400 days on Rikers Island,
我在賴克斯島監獄 待了大約400天。
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and to add to that
此外
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I spent almost 300 days in solitary confinement,
我大約300天被關禁閉。
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and let me tell you this:
我可以告訴你們:
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Screaming at the top of your lungs all day on your cell door
在你的牢房門內整日盡全力尖叫,
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or screaming at the top of your lungs out the window,
或者對著窗戶外大聲嘶喊,
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it gets tiring.
你只是累了自己。
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Since there's not much for you to do while you're in there,
因為在那裡面你無事可做,
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you start pacing back and forth in your cell,
你開始在牢房內來回走,
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you start talking to yourself,
你開始自言自語,
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your thoughts start running wild,
你的念頭開始變得瘋狂,
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and then your thoughts become your own worst enemy.
接著你的念頭成為 你自己最大的敵人。
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Jails are actually supposed to rehabilitate a person,
監獄本來應該是要改造一個人,
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not cause him or her to become more angry,
而不是讓他或她變成更憤怒,
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frustrated, and feel more hopeless.
更挫折,和覺得沒有希望。
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Since there's not a discharge plan put in place for these young people,
因為沒有為這些年輕人設計的 出獄計劃,
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they pretty much reenter society with nothing.
他們基本上赤手空拳回到社會上。
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And there's not really much for them to do to keep them from recidivating.
他們很快就重踏覆轍。
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But it all starts with the C.O.s.
這些是從矯正人員開始。
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It's very easy for some people
許多人很容易
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to look at these correctional officers as the good guys
就認為矯正人員是好人,
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and the inmates as the bad guys,
而囚犯是壞人,
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or vice versa for some,
或者反過來。
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but it's a little more than that.
其實不是這麼簡單。
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See, these C.O.s are normal, everyday people.
你知道,這些矯正人員 也是一般的普通人。
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They come from the same neighborhoods as the population they "serve."
他們與他們「服務」的那些人 是同一地方出身的。
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They're just normal people.
他們就是一般的普通人。
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They're not robots, and there's nothing special about them.
他們不是機器人, 也沒有特殊的地方。
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They do pretty much everything anybody else in society does.
他們做的事和社會其他人一樣。
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The male C.O.s want to talk and flirt with the female C.O.s.
男性矯正人員喜歡 與女性矯正人員說話和調情。
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They play the little high school kid games with each other.
他們彼此玩和高中生一樣的遊戲。
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They politic with one another.
他們彼此勾心鬥角。
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And the female C.O.s gossip to each other.
而女性矯正人員彼此嚼舌根。
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So I spent numerous amounts of time with numerous amounts of C.O.s,
我曾與許多的矯正人員 相處了許多時間。
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and let me tell you about this one in particular named Monroe.
我來談談很特別的一位, 名字是曼若。
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One day he pulled me in between the A and B doors
有一天,他把我拉到A門和B門之間
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which separate the north and south sides of our housing unit.
那是南北兩個住在單位的分界處。
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He pulled me there because I had a physical altercation
他拉我去那裡因為
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with another young man in my housing unit,
我和另一個和我同住宅單位 的另一個年輕人打架。
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and he felt, since there was a female officer working on the floor,
他覺得,因為那裡 有一位女性矯正人員,
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that I violated his shift.
我侵犯了他的值班。
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So he punched me in my chest.
他打了我的胸口。
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He kind of knocked the wind out of me.
我被他打得七暈八素。
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I wasn't impulsive, I didn't react right away,
我沒有衝動, 我沒有馬上反應
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because I know this is their house.
因為我知道這是他們的地方。
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I have no wins.
我絕對無法贏。
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All he has to do is pull his pin and backup will come immediately.
只要他拉他的傳呼機 其他警衛就馬上會過來。
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So I just gave him a look in his eyes
所以我只是瞪著他
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and I guess he saw the anger and frustration just burning,
我猜他看到我的憤怒和挫折在燃燒,
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and he said to me,
他就說,
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"Your eyes are going to get you in a lot of trouble,
「你的眼神會讓你吃大虧,
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because you're looking like you want to fight."
因為你看起來想要打架。」
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So he commenced to taking off his utility belt,
他開始解開他的制服腰帶,
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he took off his shirt and his badge,
他脫下他的襯衫和徽章,
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and he said, "We could fight."
然後他說,「我們來打吧!」
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So I asked him, "You gonna hold it down?"
我就問他,「你會壓著嗎?」
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Now, that's a term that's commonly used on Rikers Island
那是我們在賴克斯島監獄 常用的說法,
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meaning that you're not going to say anything to anybody,
意思是這件事你不會告訴任何人,
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and you're not going to report it.
你也不會打報告。
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He said, "Yeah, I'm gonna hold it down. You gonna hold it down?"
他說,「對,我會壓著。 那你也會壓著嗎?」
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I didn't even respond.
我沒回答。
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I just punched him right in his face,
我就揮拳打了他的臉,
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and we began fighting right then and there.
我們就開始在那裡打了一架。
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Towards the end of the fight, he slammed me up against the wall,
快結束時,他將我按向牆壁,
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so while we were tussled up, he said to me, "You good?"
我們仍在扭打時, 他問我,「你還好吧?」
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as if he got the best of me,
好像他認為他贏了。
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but in my mind, I know I got the best of him,
但我心裡知道我贏了他,
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so I replied very cocky,
我就很臭屁地回答,
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"Oh, I'm good, you good?"
「喔,我還好,你呢?」
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He said, "Yeah, I'm good, I'm good."
他說,「是啊,我還好,我還好。」
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We let go, he shook my hand, said he gave me my respect,
我們放開彼此, 他握我的手,說他尊敬我,
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gave me a cigarette and sent me on my way.
給我一支香菸,讓我走。
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Believe it or not, you come across some C.O.s on Rikers Island
你相信嗎?在賴克斯島監獄, 你會碰到一些矯正人員
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that'll fight you one-on-one.
要和你一對一對打。
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They feel that they understand how it is,
他們覺得他們了解你的感受。
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and they feel that I'm going to meet you where you're at.
他們覺得我要為你設身處地。
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Since this is how you commonly handle your disputes,
因為你們通常就是這樣處理糾紛,
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we can handle it in that manner.
我們也可以這樣解決。
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I walk away from it like a man, you walk away from it like a man,
我展現了男子大丈夫的氣魄, 你也展現了男子大丈夫的氣魄。
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and that's it.
就是如此。
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Some C.O.s feel that they're jailing with you.
一些矯正人員覺得他們和我們坐牢。
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This is why they have that mentality and that attitude
所以他們才有那樣的心理和態度,
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and they go by that concept.
也以那樣的理念做事。
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In some instances, we're in it together with the C.O.s.
有一些情況下, 我們與矯正人員同甘共苦。
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However, institutions need to give these correctional officers
然而,有關機關應該對這些矯正人員
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proper trainings on how to properly deal with the adolescent population,
給予如何正確處理青少年的訓練,
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and they also need to give them proper trainings
以及給予他們
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on how to deal with the mental health population as well.
如何處理心理健康的正確訓練。
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These C.O.s play a big factor in these young people's lives
這些矯正人員對這些年輕人的生命,
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for x amount of time until a disposition is reached on their case.
在他們的案子尚未得到懲處的決定前 的那段時間起很大的作用。
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So why not try to mentor these young people while they're there?
所以我們為什麼不對這些年輕人 在那段時間好好輔導?
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Why not try to give them some type of insight to make a change,
何不給他們一些得以創造改變的想法,
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so once they reenter back into society,
使他們在重回社會時
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they're doing something positive?
可以做出正面的行為?
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A second big thing to help our teens in jails is better programming.
另一件可以在監獄幫助我們少年人的是 比較好的方案。
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When I was on Rikers Island, the huge thing was solitary confinement.
當我在賴克斯島監獄的時候, 最大的懲罰是關禁閉。
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Solitary confinement was originally designed
單獨禁閉本來是為了
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to break a person mentally, physically and emotionally.
降伏一個人的身、心以及情緒而設計。
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That's what it was designed for.
為了那樣的目的而設計。
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The U.S. Attorney General recently released a report
美國總檢察長最近發佈一個報告
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stating that they're going to ban solitary confinement
說明他們在紐約州將要禁止 對於青年人單獨監禁。
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in New York state for teens.
說明他們在紐約州將要禁止 對於青年人單獨監禁。
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One thing that kept me sane while I was in solitary confinement was reading.
當我在被關禁閉時 唯一讓我維持理智的是閱讀。
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I tried to educate myself as much as possible.
我嘗試儘可能地教育我自己。
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I read any and everything I could get my hands on.
我閱讀我能夠拿到任何書。
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And aside from that, I wrote music and short stories.
除此以外,我也寫歌和短篇小說。
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Some programs that I feel would benefit our young people
我認為可以幫助我們的年輕人的是
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are art therapy programs
提供一些有關藝術治療的方案
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for the kids that like to draw and have that talent,
給那些喜歡畫畫也有天分的孩子們。
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and what about the young individuals that are musically inclined?
對於那些對音樂有興趣的孩子們呢?
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How about a music program for them that actually teaches them
何不提供他們一些
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how to write and make music?
學習寫歌和創作音樂的方案呢?
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Just a thought.
那是我的想法。
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When adolescents come to Rikers Island,
當青少年來到賴克斯島監獄,
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C74, RNDC is the building that they're housed in.
他們被安排在C74, RNDC 那棟建築物。
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That's nicknamed "gladiator school,"
那裡被暱稱為「角鬥士學校」。
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because you have a young individual coming in from the street
因為一個青少年 從他們所混的街道來到這裡,
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thinking that they're tough,
認為自己很厲害。
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being surrounded by a bunch of other young individuals
但是他的周圍的其他年輕人
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from all of the five boroughs, and everybody feels that they're tough.
也是從各行各業來的, 每個人都認為自己很厲害。
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So now you have a bunch of young gentlemen poking their chests out
這些年輕人各不相讓
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feeling that I have to prove I'm equally as tough as you
覺得我必須證明我和你們一樣厲害,
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or I'm tougher than you, you and you.
或者我比你、你和你更厲害。
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But let's be honest:
我們彼此坦誠:
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That culture is very dangerous and damaging to our young people.
那個文化對我們的年輕人 非常危險且具傷害性。
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We need to help institutions and these teens realize
我們必須幫助機構和這些青年了解
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that they don't have to lead the previous lifestyle that they led
他們不要再重複以前 在街道混的生活方式。
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when they were on the street, that they can actually make a change.
他們是可以改變的。
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It's sad to report that while I was in prison,
當我在監獄時,非常悲哀的是
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I used to hear dudes talking about when they get released from prison,
我經常聽到混混討論 他們從監獄出去後,
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what type of crimes they're going to commit
他們回到所混的街道時
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when they get back in the street.
要做的罪行。
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The conversations used to sound something like this:
那些對話大都像這樣:
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"Oh, when I hit the street, my brother got this connection
「哦,當我出去後, 我兄弟有這樣或
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for this, that and the third,"
那樣的關係。」
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or, "My man over here got this connection for the low price.
或者,「我那裡的人有關係 可以拿到很低的價格。
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Let's exchange information,"
我們互相交流訊息吧。」
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and, "When we hit the town, we're going to do it real big."
或者,「當我們出去時, 我們要好好幹一票。」
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I used to hear these conversations and think to myself, "Wow,
我那時聽到這些對話時, 我心想,「哇,
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these dudes are really talking about going back in the street
這些人真的在討論他們出去時
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and committing future crimes."
要犯的罪。」
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So I came up with a name for that:
我就為他們取了一個名字:
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I called it a go-back-to-jail-quick scheme
我稱之為「快速回監牢的計畫」。
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because really, how long is that going to last?
因為,老實說, 他們可以逍遙法外多久?
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You get a retirement plan with that?
那是一個退休計畫嗎?
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Nice little pension? 401(k)? 403(b)?
其中有退休金嗎? 例如401(k)或403(b)嗎?
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You get health insurance? Dental?
你會有健康和牙齒保險嗎?
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(Laughter)
(笑聲)
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But I will tell you this:
但是我告訴你們:
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Being in jail and being in prison,
在拘留所或在監獄裡,
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I came across some of the most intelligent, brilliant,
我曾遇見一些我所認識的人 當中最聰明、才華橫溢,
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and talented people that I would ever meet.
以及很有天分的人。
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I've seen individuals take a potato chip bag
我看過一些人將一個馬鈴薯片的袋子
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and turn it into the most beautiful picture frame.
做成一個非常美麗的鏡框。
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I've seen individuals take the state soap that's provided for free
我看過另一些人將免費提供的肥皂
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and turn them into the most beautiful sculptures
雕成非常優美的雕刻品。
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that would make Michelangelo look like a kindergartner made it.
相比之下,米開蘭基羅的作品看起來 像是幼稚園兒童的作品。
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At the age of 21, I was in a maximum-security prison
在我21歲時,我被關在 一所戒備最森嚴的監獄。
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called Elmira Correctional Facility.
那個監獄叫做埃爾邁拉懲教監獄。
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I just came out of the weight shack from working out,
有一次,我剛從運動中心 做完舉重出來,
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and I saw an older gentleman that I knew standing in the middle of the yard
我看到一位認識的老先生 站在庭院中間
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just looking up at the sky.
向上望著天空。
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Mind you, this older gentlemen was serving a 33-and-a-third-to-life sentence
你要知道,這位老先生正在 服33又3分之一年到無期徒刑。
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in which he already had served 20 years of that sentence.
那時他已經服了20年的刑期。
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So I walk up to him and I said,
我走向他,我說,
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"O.G., what's going on, man, you good?"
「O.G., 有什麼事嗎,你還好吧?」
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He looked at me, and he said, "Yeah, I'm good, young blood."
他看著我,然後會說, 「是啊,我很好,年輕人。」
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I'm like, "So what are you looking up at the sky for, man?
我說,「老兄。你在看天空什麼呢?
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What's so fascinating up there?"
上面有什麼迷人的東西嗎?」
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He said, "You look up and you tell me what you see."
他說,「你自己看看, 再告訴我你看到什麼。」
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"Clouds." (Laughter)
「有雲。」(笑聲)
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He said, "All right. What else do you see?"
他說,「好。還有呢?」
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At that time, it was a plane passing by.
那時,有一架飛機飛過。
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I said, "All right, I see an airplane."
我說,「好啊!我看到一架飛機。」
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He said, "Exactly, and what's on that airplane?" "People."
他說,「對,飛機有什麼?」 (我說)「有人」
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"Exactly. Now where's that plane and those people going?"
(他說)「沒錯。那架飛機和那些人 要去那裡?」
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"I don't know. You know?
(我說)「我不知道。你知道嗎?
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Please let me know if you do. Then let me get some lottery numbers."
如果你知道,請告訴我。 然後請你也給我樂透的號碼。」
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He said, "You're missing the big picture, young blood.
他說,「年輕人,你不知道重點。
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That plane with those people is going somewhere,
那架飛機和那些人正要去某個地方,
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while we're here stuck.
而我們卡住在這裡。
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The big picture is this:
重點是:
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That plane with those people going somewhere,
那架飛機和那些人要去某個地方,
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that's life passing us by while we behind these walls, stuck."
那就是我們卡在監獄裡所錯過的生命。」
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Ever since that day,
從那天開始,
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that sparked something in my mind and made me know I had to make a change.
那天引發了我的心中某處, 我知道我必須改變。
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Growing up, I was always a good, smart kid.
在成長過程中,我一直是 一個聰明的好孩子。
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Some people would say I was a little too smart for my own good.
有些人會說我聰明過頭了。
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I had dreams of becoming an architect or an archaeologist.
我夢想成為建築師或考古學家。
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Currently, I'm working at the Fortune Society,
現在,我在幸運協會任職,
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which is a reentry program,
那是一個協助服刑者 重新回到社會的計畫。
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and I work with people as a case manager that are at high risk for recidivism.
我是幫助有高機率成為累犯的 專案經理。
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So I connect them with the services that they need
我在他們出獄時, 幫他們聯繫他們所需的服務
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once they're released from jail and prison
我在他們出獄時, 幫他們聯繫他們所需的服務
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so they can make a positive transition back into society.
以使他們能順利的重新融入社會。
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If I was to see my 15-year-old self today,
如果我今天看著15歲時候的我,
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I would sit down and talk to him and try to educate him
我會坐下來,嘗試開導和教育他。
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and I would let him know, "Listen, this is me. I'm you.
我會讓他知道, 「聽著,這是我,我就是你。
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This is us. We are one.
這是我們。我們是一體的。」
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Everything that you're about to do, I know what you're gonna do
你將要做的任何事, 我在你要做之前就知道。
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before you do it because I already did it,
因為我以前曾經做過,
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and I would encourage him not to hang out with x, y and z people.
我會勸他不要和那幾個人在一起。
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I would tell him not to be in such-and-such place.
我會告訴他不要去那些地方。
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I would tell him, keep your behind in school, man,
我會勸他務必要上學,
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because that's where you need to be,
因為那是你應該做的,
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because that's what's going to get you somewhere in life.
因為那才能讓你未來生命有發展。
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This is the message that we should be sharing
這就是我們應該要與 我們年輕的男生和女生分享的訊息。
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with our young men and young women.
這就是我們應該要與 我們年輕的男生和女生分享的訊息。
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We shouldn't be treating them as adults and putting them in cultures of violence
我們不應將他們視為成年人 放他們在暴力的文化裡。
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that are nearly impossible for them to escape.
否則他們幾乎永遠無法逃離。
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Thank you.
謝謝!
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(Applause)
(掌聲)