joking. It's 500,000, and my name is James from EngVid. Welcome. I'm going to help you

笑。是 50萬本，而我是 EngVid 的詹姆士。 歡迎你。今天，我要來幫你

today learn to use this thing and not this thing. And there's a reason why, and I'm going

學習去用這個東西而不是這個。而這是為什麼，我要

to tell you why today because I think it's an important lesson that I don't see people

告訴你為什麼今天今這堂課十分的重要且我沒有看到人們

really talk about a lot. They -- in classes, and I teach classes, we mention it. And students

認真地去多加著墨。他們 -- 在課堂上，而我教課時，會談論這個主體。而學生

always come -- not always. Bad. You're so forward. They usually use an electronic dictionary,

通常會來 -- 不是通常。糟糕。你們都太先進了。他們通常使用電子字典，

but I prefer the paper because today I'm going to teach you how to build your vocabulary

但我偏愛紙本，因為今天我要教你的是如何用這本字典

using this, something that's a few hundred years old.

來建立你的字彙量，這是幾百年前的老方式。

So let's start off: "Know your dictionary." Do you know what your dictionary -- do you

所以我們開始吧。" 了解你的字典 " 你知道你的字典 -- 你知道

know who your dictionary is or what your dictionary is? I ask you because I'm going to ask you

你的字典是什麼或是誰嗎?我會這樣問是因為我要問你，你知道

do you know "prescriptive" versus "descriptive"? Most students don't know the difference, and

"prescriptive" 和 "descriptive" 差別嗎? 大多數的學生不知道差異在哪，然而

it's a very important difference for you to know. If you're a native English speaker,

知道這兩個字的差異對你來說是十分重要的。如果英語是你的母語。

this is your dictionary. It's good. It's great. It says things like, "'Choral' -- or of a

這就是你的字典。這很好、很棒。它會說類似 : " 'Choral' -- 或屬於一個

choir. 'Chorale': slow stately hymn tune", and you're thinking, well, if you're learning

合唱團。'Chorale' : 慢慢哼出的音調"，然後你會想，嗯，如果你正在學習

English, "What did James just say to me?" There are many of these things. "'Retrench':

英語的話，"詹姆士剛剛到底說了些什麼？" 這本書裡有很多那些東西。"'Retrench' :

reduce expenditure, cut." You know, like, "What?" Well, this is because it's prescriptive.

縮減之出，修剪。" 你知道的，像是，"What?" 那麼，這是因為這就是字的用法規範。

"Prescriptive". Think of a doctor, you know, the guy who checks your chest, like, your

"Prescriptive"。想想看以醫生為例，你知道的，就是會拿聽診器在你胸口聽的人，比如說，

heart. He prescribed something to you, right? Gives you something. But he doesn't give you

聽你的心音。他給你開了些處方，明白？給你些什麼。但他不給你任何其他

any kind of extra information. He's the doctor. He's the expert. They tell you and you know.

額外的資訊。他是個醫生。是個專家。他告訴你，然後你聽就是了。

Well, if you have a command of the English language or you speak English, of course you

那麼，如果你能掌握英語或你能說英語，你一定會

know all the other words they use. "'Critic': Professional judge." I know all these words.

知道全部其他他們會用的字。"'Critic' ：專業判斷。" 我知道這全部的字。

I don't have to learn these words, so it's great. But if you're learning English -- and

我不需要去學這些字了，真開心。但如果你正在學習英語 -- 而

learning English -- and I want to tell you this because a lot of people don't know. You

學習英語 -- 我想要告訴你這些是由於許多人都不知道。你

know my name, right? My name is James ESL, right? James. I can't even spell my own name.

知道我的名字，對吧？我叫詹姆士 ESL，可以嗎？詹姆士。我甚至不會拼我自己的名字。

It's a lie. My name is James ESL. And some of you said, for sure, What is "ESL?" That's

騙人的。我的名字是詹姆士 ESL。而你們有些人會問，廢話，什麼是"ESL?" 那是個

a funny name. Because it's not my name. "ESL" stands for "English as a Second Language".

好笑的名字。因為那根本不是我的名字。"ESL" 意思是"以英語為第二外語"。

That's what it stands for. Many of your teachers use it, and they never tell you what it means.

就是這個意思。許多你們的老師會使用他，而他們絕不會跟你解釋那代表什麼意涵。

So it means James is teaching English as a second language. And that's for you guys.

所以這就代表詹姆士他教英語為第二外語。而這是特別跟你們講解的。

You have French, Hindi, Arabic as first languages, and you want to get another language. What

你們有人是以法語，印度語，或阿拉伯語為母語，而你們想要多學一種語言。

you need is a descriptive dictionary. What does that mean? Well, let me explain something

你需要的是一本有解釋說明的字典。這是什麼意思？這個嘛，讓我來解釋一下給你

to you. There is a thing that is long, has a big head, a smile. It has little lines on

聽。這裡有一件東西很長，有很大的頭，和一張笑臉。這是一些在他身上的

its body. Its first name starts with M. His last name starts with E. Do you know whom

細小的線條。他的名字是M開頭。他的姓氏是E開頭。你知道我在說誰了

I'm describing? It's Mr. E. Right? I described it to you. An ESL dictionary is descriptive,

嗎？就是E 先生，對吧？我描述它給你聽。一個以英語為第二外語的字典是具有說明、敘述性的，

right? So the first thing you should know is, is your dictionary prescriptive or descriptive?

對吧？所以第一件你該知道的事，就是你的字典是規範性的還是說明性的？

"Prescriptive", like a prescription from a doctor -- it just tells you this is what the

"Prescriptive"，像是來自醫生的處方籤一樣 -- 就只告訴你這些

word means. It does not give explanation -- it gives an explanation, but no diagrams and

字的字義。它不會給你任何解是 -- 它給一個解釋，但卻沒有圖表和

no definition, okay? Or explanation. For example, a descriptive one not only tells you what

定義，明白嗎？或解釋。舉例來說，一本說明性的字典不只告訴你這些字的

the world is, it gives you an example of its use in speech. It helps you. Maybe even a

字義，它也給你這些字的用在口語中的例子。它幫助你理解。也許甚至給你

picture to show you. That's for the ESL. So when you're looking for a paper dictionary,

一張圖說明解釋。這是給英語為第二外語的人用的字典。所以當你在挑選紙本字典時，

go to your bookstore and ask for a descriptive dictionary because you're studying ESL, and

到書局問你要說明性的字典，因為你是以英語為第二外語的學生，而他們

they'll give you the perfect dictionary for you, okay?

就會給你就是你想要的那種字典，明白了嗎？

So what are we going to do next? That's the first thing: Know what dictionary you have

所以我們接下來要做什麼？第一件事情就是：了解你的字典，

because this one will help. Now, I will tell you this, though: Once you start going from

因為這個選對的話幫助的差異很大。好，我要告訴你這個，這是條艱困的路：只要你一旦踏上

the beginning and intermediate, you need the prescriptive because that's what a fluent

這條道路成為初學者或中級學生，你會需要規範性的字典，因為那是要成為流利的使用英語

native speaker would use, and that's what you use. So there's a reason for both. Don't

好像英語是變成他的母語一般的講者會使用的字典，而那是我建議你使用的。所以這就是

forget that. If you're advanced, get prescriptive. If you're new, get descriptive. Know your

同時使用這兩種字典的原因。不要忘了。如果你已經是進階者，你用規範性字典。新手就用說明性的。

dictionary. Next. Does your dictionary use phonetic or

了解你的字典。下一個。你的字典是用語音學的方式還是

does it use syllables to tell you how the word sounds? "Huh?" Well, I investigated because

用音標的方式告訴你該怎麼讀生字？"哈？"這個嘛，我調查至個的原因是

I'm like a reporter -- like Clark Kent, Superman -- and I discovered that not every dictionary

我本身是個記者 -- 就像克拉克．肯特，飾演超人的那位明星 -- 我發現不是每部字典

is the same. Some use phonetics, and they use the International Phonetic Alphabet. Some

都相同。有些用語音學的標示，它們使用的是國際語音字母。你們當中有一些人

of you have studied it in school, right? Where you have those funny little things, where,

在學校應該有學過，對吧？在那兒會有那些有趣的小玩意兒，那兒會有，

you know, like the upside down E -- I can't even do it. I think it's like -- and it means

你知道的，像是上下顛倒的大寫字母E -- 我甚至不會寫。我想它是像這樣 -- 而你們

something to you people, okay? But in international language, you would use these symbols to show

可能會產生一些共鳴，了解嗎？但在國際語言中，你會用這些符號來表示

language, right? They use this phonetic alphabet because they know it's international, and

語言，對吧？他們使用語音字母是因為他們知道那是能與國際接軌的，且

people who study languages will also use it. But a lot of English dictionaries just use

學習這語言的人們也同時會使用這個系統。但很多的英文字典就只採用

syllables. They break the word down into, like -- sorry -- numb nuts? Number. Number.

音節、音標來表示。他們把字拆解成像是 -- 抱歉 -- 麻木的花生？數～字。數～字。

And what they're looking for is vowel sound, not vowels. Don't make a mistake. I've often

而他們注重於母音而不是子音。別犯錯囉。我常常

done it and told students -- I say, you know, "When we use syllables we break it down to

會弄錯然後告訴學生們 -- 我說阿，你知道的，"當我們使用音節來標示念法時，我們把字拆解

units of a word with a vowel." And what I mean to say is "with a vowel sound" because

成一組組以母音們組成的單位。"而我的意思是說"以一組母音為焦點"因為

sometimes there will be two vowels, but they make a sound. For example, "ee" or "ei" can

有時候會有兩個母音連在一起，但它們只念一個音。比如說，"ee"或是"ei"可以

make one sound, okay? And that can be in a vowel unit. So check to see if your dictionary

以單一個音來讀，明白嗎？而這就組成了一組母音單元。所以，去查查看你的字典是

is either phonetic -- and that means you're going to need the International Phonetic Alphabet

語音學發音法的 -- 也就是說你會需要國際語音字母系統 -- 或音節式

-- or syllable-based, which means they will break the word into units with a syllable

為基礎的，也就是說他們會把一個字以音節發音為單位拆成

sound. Easy? Is that understood? Let's move on, okay?

幾個小單元。簡單明瞭？懂了吧？那我們繼續學下去囉，好嗎？

So that's something you're going to look at because this will help you build your vocabulary

這是你要接下來繼續去學習的，因為這會幫助你建立你的字彙量

because knowing what a word looks like and what it sounds like is very, very different,

因為你會學到聽起非常不同但看起來很相似的字

okay? And this is to help you pronounce the word. Remember: Learning vocabulary is (1)know

明白了嗎？這會幫助你對那些字的發音。記住：學習字彙要點第一，看到要知道其意思，

when you see it, (2) know when you hear it, (3) know how to say it, (4) understand what

第二，聽到時就知道是哪個字，第三，知道如何去使用它，第四，了解它的意思。

it means. Then you build vocabulary. And this is "know what it sounds like", okay? Next.

那麼你的字彙量就會提高。而剛剛所教就是稱作"知道那個字聽起來如何"，好嗎？下一個。

(C) What part of speech? Well, what is the word? I can spell less "beaty" like "Ned Beatty", but that's not what I wanted to write.

(C) 詞性式？嗯，那是什麼字？我可以不要拼得那麼"有韻味"像是"奈得．畢提"，但這不是我想要寫的

When you "beautify" something, it's not the same as "beauty". "He's a right beauty." "She's

當你"美化"某物時，它不像是"美"這個詞的意義。"它是個正妹。""她是個美人"

a beauty." Right? They're different words. So we're asking ourselves, what, what do these

對吧？這是兩個不同的字。所以我們問自己，什麼，這些字是做什麼的

words do, right? "She's a beauty", so we're looking at an adjective and adverb. "Beautify",

對吧？"她是個美人"，所以我們在找一個形容詞和一個副詞。"美化"，

adverbs do a different job than an adjective, right? So the dictionary will tell you how

副詞跟形容詞的作用式不同的，對吧？所以字典會告訴你如何去

to use it. Remember we said, "What does it sound like?" First part is, it tells you what

使用它。記得我們說的，"這聽起來如何？"第一個部分是，它告訴你它

it looks like, right? It gives you the word, the word. The next one tells you what it sounds

看起來是怎樣子，對吧？它給你一個字，一個字。下一個字會告訴你它聽起來像是

like. The next one tells you how to use it, right? "That girl is a beauty." Or "What a

什麼。接下來要告訴你怎麼使用它，可以嗎？"這個女孩是個美人。"或者"她是

beauty she is." Versus, "We need to beautify our house." It's not the same. And you have

多麼美呀。" 對上，"我們需要美化我們的房子" 這不一樣。然後你需要

to know what part of speech to use it otherwise you'll use it badly, okay? Next.

知道字的詞性以便正確使用它，不然你會誤用，可以嗎？下一個。

We're going to go over to "other possible forms". So other possible forms are -- well,

我們要檢視"其他可能的形式"。其他可能的形式是 -- 這個嘛，

let me correct something I made a mistake on. I said it. I made a mistake because I'm

如果我有說錯，讓我更正一下。我說過。我犯個了錯因為我

human. I was so busy thinking about the mistake I made with "beauty" I said this was an adverb.

也只是人而已。我是如此忙碌於思考我犯的關於"美"這個字的錯誤，因為我之前說它是副詞。

It's a verb. So I know you guys who love to catch me, you caught me. Ow, ow, bad teacher,

它是個動詞。我知道你們喜歡挑我毛病，被你們抓到了。喔挖，喔挖，差勁的老師。

all right? It's a verb, all right? So we've got noun, verb. Now, let's go to "other possible

好吧?這是個動詞，好嗎?我們有名詞，動詞了，現在，我們來看"其他可能的

forms", okay? Now, what the dictionary will also do to help you is after it tells you

形式"，好嗎?現在，字典能幫助你的除了告訴你

this is a noun or this is a verb -- noun, verb, okay -- it'll tell you other forms.

詞性是名詞或是動詞外 -- 名詞，動詞，可以嗎 -- 它還告訴你字的其他形式

It might tell you, okay, you could do something "slow" or "slowly". Or you can have "pant",

它可能會告訴你，好，你可以"慢慢的"或"慢慢地"做事情。或你可以擁有"褲子"，

which is completely different. "Pant" is [pant like a dog] and "pants", which I'm wearing,

是完全不同的意思。"Pant"(喘氣)是(氣喘吁吁像隻狗)和"pants"(褲子)，也就是我正穿著的。

but you can't see. You know, I am wearing them, trust me. I'm not doing it in my underwear.

但螢幕上看不到。你知道的，我穿著它們，相信我。我不是穿著內褲錄影的。

E goes naked; I come clothed, okay? So it'll tell you other possible forms that you can

E 它是裸體沒錯 ; 而我有穿衣服，好嗎?所以字典會告訴你字的其他你會用到的

use of that word, right? Now, I've given you something to help you

可能的形式，明白嗎?好，已經給了你一些知識關於你的字典

with the dictionary, and this is fun. It's a nice, short lesson. I'm hoping it's going

如何幫助你，而且富饒趣味。這是個短而質精的課程。我希望這

to be very useful because even Canadians -- I say "Canadians"; I'm sorry, but a lot of English

對你們來說是有用的因為，甚至加拿大人 -- 我說"加拿大人"，抱歉，但很多說英語

speakers don't know how to use the dictionary because it's set up in a way they just kind

的人不知道怎麼使用字典，因為它編排的方式就只被用來

of look for the definition, and they don't know that these things are there to help them.

查詢字的定義，而他們卻不知道這些其他部分是來幫助他們知道更多這件事。

There have been words I've looked for where I've said, like, "discombooblate" because

這邊有些字是我找到之前曾經說過的，像是，"discombooblate" 因為

I don't know it's "discombobulate" because I don't understand if it's phonetic or the

我不知道它是"discombobulate"，因為我不知道懂它是語音標示法的或是

symbol -- syllable. I can speak English, really. And I had to learn when I started teaching

符號 -- 音標標示法。我會說英語，真的。而當我開始要教學生的時候開始

students. When they say, "Teacher, why?" And I go, "Well this is for this. This -- oh,

我也需要學習更多。當他們說，"老師，為什麼呀?"而我說，"這是因為這樣。這樣 -- 喔~，

golly, it is." This is very helpful stuff, right? But before I go too far off course,

天呀，這是這樣喔。" 這真是太有用的東西了，了解? 但當然是我還沒教得太過偏離正軌之前囉

which means away from the subject, I want to give you some tips because this is good.

，也就是我偏題了，我要給你們一些憋步，因為實在很好用。

This gives you power like a super power. You can use this and go, "I can learn words without

就像給你超能力一樣。你能使用這個然後說，"我能夠學習字彙

the use of any other human being. Read, see, and hear." But how about we build, because

而不需要其他人類的幫助喔。讀，看和聽懂。" 但是我們如何建立字彙量，

that's what the nature of this lesson is, to build our vocabulary. So let's go over here.

也就是這堂課的本質所在，建立我們的字彙量。我們來瀏覽一遍

Ready? Tips. Tip No. 1: Look up words you

準備好了嗎？小撇步。第一步：查關於你每天都會

hear every day, and then look at the words above and below the word to understand prefixes.

聽到的字，然後看底下、和其上的字來了解字首。

This sentence makes no sense whatsoever. But it does because I'll explain it. What I mean is,

這個句子完全不通順呀。但經過我解釋之後你就能懂。我的意思是

every day, when you're learning English, you're going to learn a new vocabulary word

每天，當你在學習英文時，你要學習一個新的單字

or whatnot. And what I want you to do is take that word, write it down, then go home, open

或諸如此類。而我要你做的就是把那個自寫下來，然後回家，打開

your paper dictionary, okay? And then look at the word, but look at the word above and

你的紙本字典，可以嗎？然後看著那個字，但看它的上方和

below because -- I'm going to give you one right now. I'm looking here, and it says -- I'm

下方，因為 -- 我現在就要給你一個單字。我看這頁，它說 -- 我正

looking at "implore". It means "beg", which means to go, "Please, please, please, please

看著"implore"。意思是"乞求"，也就是會像，"拜託，拜託，拜託，拜託

come back to EngVid and see James! Please! I beg you!" Okay? So "implore". Then, I look

回來看EngVid，也來看看詹姆士！拜託！我求你！"明白嗎？所以這就是"implore"。然後我往下看

down at "imply". Then, I look at -- it says "implicit". And each one I get the idea that

"imply"。然後，我看到 -- 它寫著"implicit"。而我了解到每個字的

there's something inside. Then I realize "im" means "inside" or "in". Ooh. That was interesting.

裡頭可以看出些端倪。我後來瞭解到"im"代表"裡頭"的意思或"進去"。喔～那真是有趣。

So then, I start looking down and there's "impossible" and "importune", "impose", "impostor",

所以，我開始往下看到"imposible"和"importune"，"impose"，"impostor"，

"impotent". I'm not impotent. Maybe the worm. He's soft, but not me. Anyway. Well, what

"impotent"。我不是無能的。蟲哥也許是。它很軟，但我不是。總之。好，

I'm saying is, all of these "im" words are in here, and I start going, "Oh, my gosh.

我是說，這裡所有包含"im"的字，我開始覺得，"喔，我的天呀。

They all kind of have a similar meaning." It helps me build my vocabulary faster because

它們某種程度上都有個相似的意思包含在內。"這幫我加快建立我的字彙量，因為

I learned what's called a "prefix". A "prefix" means -- "pre" is before -- something in front

我學習到所謂的一個"字首"。一個"字首"意思是 -- "pre"是之前的意思 -- 在字的前面

of a word that gives meaning to the word or adds meaning to the word, right? And that's

給予那個字意義或增添多一層意義，明白嗎？而那就我們

what we're doing. We're learning it, so it helps me build my vocabulary by learning prefixes.

今天在做的事。我們在學習字首，所以學習字首幫助我建立字彙量。

Kind of cool, huh? How about the second one? Let's go to the

酷吧，哈？那第二個是如何？我們去

monitor. He's going to talk again. Ready? Actually, it's not a monitor, it's Mr. E.

看螢幕。他又要開始說話囉。準備好了嗎？事實上，那不是螢幕，那是E先生。

You've always wondered what I sound like, and yes, I have a sexy voice. So, the next

你總是疑惑我的聲音聽起來是怎樣，而沒錯，我有個性感的聲音。所以，下個你

thing you want to do -- tip No. 2 is: Randomly -- "randomly" means not in order, just whenever

想要做的是 -- 小撇步二號是：Randomly -- "randomly"意思是沒有次序的，就隨時翻開字典

-- for 2 or 3, 2 or 3, and try to make sentences. What the heck does that mean? Well, Mr. E,

-- 找兩到三個字，兩到三個字，試著造句。這到底是什麼意思？這麼嘛，E 先生，

that's why I'm here. What Mr. E meant to say was this: Randomly take, take -- Mr. E -- 2

這是我在這邊的用處。E先生說的意思是：隨機取，取 -- E 先生 -- 兩

or 3 words, okay? I want to make sure you can see it because I'm running out of room

到三個字，可以嗎？我要確定你能看到因為快沒空間寫了

here. So I'm just going to put 2 or 3 words -- and try and make a sentence with it. So

所以我要寫二到三個字 -- 然後試著用它們造個句字。所以

I've got "word" -- S. See? Two mistakes. Are you happy now? Bad, bad James. Okay, look.

我有"字" -- 漏了個 S。看吧？兩個錯誤了。你現在開心了吧？糟，糟糕的詹姆士。好吧，看這。

So look at randomly for 2 or 3 words. And just open up the dictionary, and you take,

我隨機地找了兩到三個字。就是隨便翻開字典的某頁，然後你看到

"bloom", and then take "incentive", and then take "platinum". "As an incentive for my blooming

"氣球"，然後再翻一次看到"激勵"，然後再翻看見"白金"。"為了給我蒸蒸日上的事業

business, I got a platinum card." Oh, he teaches English. That's right. I do. What I'm saying

一些激勵，我辦了一張白金卡。"喔，他會教英文。沒錯。我會。我的意思是

is you take two or three words randomly, right? And you try and make a sentence with them

你隨便挑兩到三個字，明白嗎？然後你試著用這些字，並參照字典中的規範

using the rules you find from the dictionary. Is it a verb? Is it an adjective? Put them

造一個句子。它是動詞？還是形容詞？把它們放到各自該去的

in place. That will help teach you syntax. So here are two ways you can, by yourself,

位置。這會幫助教你學會句法。所以這裡有兩個方法你可以，靠你自己，

use this book by yourself and work on your English, learn things that you haven't been

靠你自己使用這本字典然後練習你的英文，學習你沒被任何人教過

taught, and then prove or, as I said, build your vocabulary. Do you like that? Our little

的，然後證明或，像我說的一樣，建立你的字彙庫。這樣有興趣嗎？我們的小小

moderator, Mr. E, that voice of his, will be back -- right? -- to help you build your

主席，E 先生，它的聲音，會在出現 -- 對吧？ -- 來幫助你建立你的

English vocabulary, syntax, conversation skills, grammar, and whatnot. I like that word. It's

英語字彙量，學習句法，對話技巧，文法，和諸如此類的。我喜歡那個字。它

my word of the day. Anyway. Thanks a lot. Mr. E -- out. Know your

是我的每日一字。總之，非常感謝。E 先生 -- 你可以走了。瞭解你的

dictionary, and know yourself, and you'll be victorious in every conversation you have.

字典，瞭解你自己，然後你會在往後每個對話中成功正確表達自己。

Know only -- shut up with the Sun Tzu already. Okay.

就只要知道 -- 跟孫子一樣靜默就好。好的。