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The Canadian-English Dictionary. Over 500 sold. Not many Canadians, I think, eh? Just
加拿大-英語字典。賣了超過500本。我想,加拿大人不多,哈?開個玩
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joking. It's 500,000, and my name is James from EngVid. Welcome. I'm going to help you
笑。是 50萬本,而我是 EngVid 的詹姆士。 歡迎你。今天,我要來幫你
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today learn to use this thing and not this thing. And there's a reason why, and I'm going
學習去用這個東西而不是這個。而這是為什麼,我要
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to tell you why today because I think it's an important lesson that I don't see people
告訴你為什麼今天今這堂課十分的重要且我沒有看到人們
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really talk about a lot. They -- in classes, and I teach classes, we mention it. And students
認真地去多加著墨。他們 -- 在課堂上,而我教課時,會談論這個主體。而學生
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always come -- not always. Bad. You're so forward. They usually use an electronic dictionary,
通常會來 -- 不是通常。糟糕。你們都太先進了。他們通常使用電子字典,
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but I prefer the paper because today I'm going to teach you how to build your vocabulary
但我偏愛紙本,因為今天我要教你的是如何用這本字典
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using this, something that's a few hundred years old.
來建立你的字彙量,這是幾百年前的老方式。
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So let's start off: "Know your dictionary." Do you know what your dictionary -- do you
所以我們開始吧。" 了解你的字典 " 你知道你的字典 -- 你知道
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know who your dictionary is or what your dictionary is? I ask you because I'm going to ask you
你的字典是什麼或是誰嗎?我會這樣問是因為我要問你,你知道
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do you know "prescriptive" versus "descriptive"? Most students don't know the difference, and
"prescriptive" 和 "descriptive" 差別嗎? 大多數的學生不知道差異在哪,然而
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it's a very important difference for you to know. If you're a native English speaker,
知道這兩個字的差異對你來說是十分重要的。如果英語是你的母語。
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this is your dictionary. It's good. It's great. It says things like, "'Choral' -- or of a
這就是你的字典。這很好、很棒。它會說類似 : " 'Choral' -- 或屬於一個
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choir. 'Chorale': slow stately hymn tune", and you're thinking, well, if you're learning
合唱團。'Chorale' : 慢慢哼出的音調",然後你會想,嗯,如果你正在學習
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English, "What did James just say to me?" There are many of these things. "'Retrench':
英語的話,"詹姆士剛剛到底說了些什麼?" 這本書裡有很多那些東西。"'Retrench' :
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reduce expenditure, cut." You know, like, "What?" Well, this is because it's prescriptive.
縮減之出,修剪。" 你知道的,像是,"What?" 那麼,這是因為這就是字的用法規範。
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"Prescriptive". Think of a doctor, you know, the guy who checks your chest, like, your
"Prescriptive"。想想看以醫生為例,你知道的,就是會拿聽診器在你胸口聽的人,比如說,
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heart. He prescribed something to you, right? Gives you something. But he doesn't give you
聽你的心音。他給你開了些處方,明白?給你些什麼。但他不給你任何其他
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any kind of extra information. He's the doctor. He's the expert. They tell you and you know.
額外的資訊。他是個醫生。是個專家。他告訴你,然後你聽就是了。
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Well, if you have a command of the English language or you speak English, of course you
那麼,如果你能掌握英語或你能說英語,你一定會
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know all the other words they use. "'Critic': Professional judge." I know all these words.
知道全部其他他們會用的字。"'Critic' :專業判斷。" 我知道這全部的字。
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I don't have to learn these words, so it's great. But if you're learning English -- and
我不需要去學這些字了,真開心。但如果你正在學習英語 -- 而
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learning English -- and I want to tell you this because a lot of people don't know. You
學習英語 -- 我想要告訴你這些是由於許多人都不知道。你
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know my name, right? My name is James ESL, right? James. I can't even spell my own name.
知道我的名字,對吧?我叫詹姆士 ESL,可以嗎?詹姆士。我甚至不會拼我自己的名字。
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It's a lie. My name is James ESL. And some of you said, for sure, What is "ESL?" That's
騙人的。我的名字是詹姆士 ESL。而你們有些人會問,廢話,什麼是"ESL?" 那是個
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a funny name. Because it's not my name. "ESL" stands for "English as a Second Language".
好笑的名字。因為那根本不是我的名字。"ESL" 意思是"以英語為第二外語"。
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That's what it stands for. Many of your teachers use it, and they never tell you what it means.
就是這個意思。許多你們的老師會使用他,而他們絕不會跟你解釋那代表什麼意涵。
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So it means James is teaching English as a second language. And that's for you guys.
所以這就代表詹姆士他教英語為第二外語。而這是特別跟你們講解的。
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You have French, Hindi, Arabic as first languages, and you want to get another language. What
你們有人是以法語,印度語,或阿拉伯語為母語,而你們想要多學一種語言。
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you need is a descriptive dictionary. What does that mean? Well, let me explain something
你需要的是一本有解釋說明的字典。這是什麼意思?這個嘛,讓我來解釋一下給你
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to you. There is a thing that is long, has a big head, a smile. It has little lines on
聽。這裡有一件東西很長,有很大的頭,和一張笑臉。這是一些在他身上的
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its body. Its first name starts with M. His last name starts with E. Do you know whom
細小的線條。他的名字是M開頭。他的姓氏是E開頭。你知道我在說誰了
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I'm describing? It's Mr. E. Right? I described it to you. An ESL dictionary is descriptive,
嗎?就是E 先生,對吧?我描述它給你聽。一個以英語為第二外語的字典是具有說明、敘述性的,
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right? So the first thing you should know is, is your dictionary prescriptive or descriptive?
對吧?所以第一件你該知道的事,就是你的字典是規範性的還是說明性的?
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"Prescriptive", like a prescription from a doctor -- it just tells you this is what the
"Prescriptive",像是來自醫生的處方籤一樣 -- 就只告訴你這些
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word means. It does not give explanation -- it gives an explanation, but no diagrams and
字的字義。它不會給你任何解是 -- 它給一個解釋,但卻沒有圖表和
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no definition, okay? Or explanation. For example, a descriptive one not only tells you what
定義,明白嗎?或解釋。舉例來說,一本說明性的字典不只告訴你這些字的
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the world is, it gives you an example of its use in speech. It helps you. Maybe even a
字義,它也給你這些字的用在口語中的例子。它幫助你理解。也許甚至給你
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picture to show you. That's for the ESL. So when you're looking for a paper dictionary,
一張圖說明解釋。這是給英語為第二外語的人用的字典。所以當你在挑選紙本字典時,
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go to your bookstore and ask for a descriptive dictionary because you're studying ESL, and
到書局問你要說明性的字典,因為你是以英語為第二外語的學生,而他們
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they'll give you the perfect dictionary for you, okay?
就會給你就是你想要的那種字典,明白了嗎?
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So what are we going to do next? That's the first thing: Know what dictionary you have
所以我們接下來要做什麼?第一件事情就是:了解你的字典,
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because this one will help. Now, I will tell you this, though: Once you start going from
因為這個選對的話幫助的差異很大。好,我要告訴你這個,這是條艱困的路:只要你一旦踏上
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the beginning and intermediate, you need the prescriptive because that's what a fluent
這條道路成為初學者或中級學生,你會需要規範性的字典,因為那是要成為流利的使用英語
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native speaker would use, and that's what you use. So there's a reason for both. Don't
好像英語是變成他的母語一般的講者會使用的字典,而那是我建議你使用的。所以這就是
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forget that. If you're advanced, get prescriptive. If you're new, get descriptive. Know your
同時使用這兩種字典的原因。不要忘了。如果你已經是進階者,你用規範性字典。新手就用說明性的。
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dictionary. Next. Does your dictionary use phonetic or
了解你的字典。下一個。你的字典是用語音學的方式還是
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does it use syllables to tell you how the word sounds? "Huh?" Well, I investigated because
用音標的方式告訴你該怎麼讀生字?"哈?"這個嘛,我調查至個的原因是
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I'm like a reporter -- like Clark Kent, Superman -- and I discovered that not every dictionary
我本身是個記者 -- 就像克拉克.肯特,飾演超人的那位明星 -- 我發現不是每部字典
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is the same. Some use phonetics, and they use the International Phonetic Alphabet. Some
都相同。有些用語音學的標示,它們使用的是國際語音字母。你們當中有一些人
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of you have studied it in school, right? Where you have those funny little things, where,
在學校應該有學過,對吧?在那兒會有那些有趣的小玩意兒,那兒會有,
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you know, like the upside down E -- I can't even do it. I think it's like -- and it means
你知道的,像是上下顛倒的大寫字母E -- 我甚至不會寫。我想它是像這樣 -- 而你們
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something to you people, okay? But in international language, you would use these symbols to show
可能會產生一些共鳴,了解嗎?但在國際語言中,你會用這些符號來表示
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language, right? They use this phonetic alphabet because they know it's international, and
語言,對吧?他們使用語音字母是因為他們知道那是能與國際接軌的,且
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people who study languages will also use it. But a lot of English dictionaries just use
學習這語言的人們也同時會使用這個系統。但很多的英文字典就只採用
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syllables. They break the word down into, like -- sorry -- numb nuts? Number. Number.
音節、音標來表示。他們把字拆解成像是 -- 抱歉 -- 麻木的花生?數~字。數~字。
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And what they're looking for is vowel sound, not vowels. Don't make a mistake. I've often
而他們注重於母音而不是子音。別犯錯囉。我常常
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done it and told students -- I say, you know, "When we use syllables we break it down to
會弄錯然後告訴學生們 -- 我說阿,你知道的,"當我們使用音節來標示念法時,我們把字拆解
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units of a word with a vowel." And what I mean to say is "with a vowel sound" because
成一組組以母音們組成的單位。"而我的意思是說"以一組母音為焦點"因為
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sometimes there will be two vowels, but they make a sound. For example, "ee" or "ei" can
有時候會有兩個母音連在一起,但它們只念一個音。比如說,"ee"或是"ei"可以
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make one sound, okay? And that can be in a vowel unit. So check to see if your dictionary
以單一個音來讀,明白嗎?而這就組成了一組母音單元。所以,去查查看你的字典是
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is either phonetic -- and that means you're going to need the International Phonetic Alphabet
語音學發音法的 -- 也就是說你會需要國際語音字母系統 -- 或音節式
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-- or syllable-based, which means they will break the word into units with a syllable
為基礎的,也就是說他們會把一個字以音節發音為單位拆成
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sound. Easy? Is that understood? Let's move on, okay?
幾個小單元。簡單明瞭?懂了吧?那我們繼續學下去囉,好嗎?
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So that's something you're going to look at because this will help you build your vocabulary
這是你要接下來繼續去學習的,因為這會幫助你建立你的字彙量
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because knowing what a word looks like and what it sounds like is very, very different,
因為你會學到聽起非常不同但看起來很相似的字
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okay? And this is to help you pronounce the word. Remember: Learning vocabulary is (1)know
明白了嗎?這會幫助你對那些字的發音。記住:學習字彙要點第一,看到要知道其意思,
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when you see it, (2) know when you hear it, (3) know how to say it, (4) understand what
第二,聽到時就知道是哪個字,第三,知道如何去使用它,第四,了解它的意思。
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it means. Then you build vocabulary. And this is "know what it sounds like", okay? Next.
那麼你的字彙量就會提高。而剛剛所教就是稱作"知道那個字聽起來如何",好嗎?下一個。
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(C) What part of speech? Well, what is the word? I can spell less "beaty" like "Ned Beatty", but that's not what I wanted to write.
(C) 詞性式?嗯,那是什麼字?我可以不要拼得那麼"有韻味"像是"奈得.畢提",但這不是我想要寫的
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When you "beautify" something, it's not the same as "beauty". "He's a right beauty." "She's
當你"美化"某物時,它不像是"美"這個詞的意義。"它是個正妹。""她是個美人"
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a beauty." Right? They're different words. So we're asking ourselves, what, what do these
對吧?這是兩個不同的字。所以我們問自己,什麼,這些字是做什麼的
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words do, right? "She's a beauty", so we're looking at an adjective and adverb. "Beautify",
對吧?"她是個美人",所以我們在找一個形容詞和一個副詞。"美化",
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adverbs do a different job than an adjective, right? So the dictionary will tell you how
副詞跟形容詞的作用式不同的,對吧?所以字典會告訴你如何去
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to use it. Remember we said, "What does it sound like?" First part is, it tells you what
使用它。記得我們說的,"這聽起來如何?"第一個部分是,它告訴你它
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it looks like, right? It gives you the word, the word. The next one tells you what it sounds
看起來是怎樣子,對吧?它給你一個字,一個字。下一個字會告訴你它聽起來像是
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like. The next one tells you how to use it, right? "That girl is a beauty." Or "What a
什麼。接下來要告訴你怎麼使用它,可以嗎?"這個女孩是個美人。"或者"她是
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beauty she is." Versus, "We need to beautify our house." It's not the same. And you have
多麼美呀。" 對上,"我們需要美化我們的房子" 這不一樣。然後你需要
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to know what part of speech to use it otherwise you'll use it badly, okay? Next.
知道字的詞性以便正確使用它,不然你會誤用,可以嗎?下一個。
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We're going to go over to "other possible forms". So other possible forms are -- well,
我們要檢視"其他可能的形式"。其他可能的形式是 -- 這個嘛,
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let me correct something I made a mistake on. I said it. I made a mistake because I'm
如果我有說錯,讓我更正一下。我說過。我犯個了錯因為我
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human. I was so busy thinking about the mistake I made with "beauty" I said this was an adverb.
也只是人而已。我是如此忙碌於思考我犯的關於"美"這個字的錯誤,因為我之前說它是副詞。
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It's a verb. So I know you guys who love to catch me, you caught me. Ow, ow, bad teacher,
它是個動詞。我知道你們喜歡挑我毛病,被你們抓到了。喔挖,喔挖,差勁的老師。
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all right? It's a verb, all right? So we've got noun, verb. Now, let's go to "other possible
好吧?這是個動詞,好嗎?我們有名詞,動詞了,現在,我們來看"其他可能的
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forms", okay? Now, what the dictionary will also do to help you is after it tells you
形式",好嗎?現在,字典能幫助你的除了告訴你
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this is a noun or this is a verb -- noun, verb, okay -- it'll tell you other forms.
詞性是名詞或是動詞外 -- 名詞,動詞,可以嗎 -- 它還告訴你字的其他形式
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It might tell you, okay, you could do something "slow" or "slowly". Or you can have "pant",
它可能會告訴你,好,你可以"慢慢的"或"慢慢地"做事情。或你可以擁有"褲子",
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which is completely different. "Pant" is [pant like a dog] and "pants", which I'm wearing,
是完全不同的意思。"Pant"(喘氣)是(氣喘吁吁像隻狗)和"pants"(褲子),也就是我正穿著的。
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but you can't see. You know, I am wearing them, trust me. I'm not doing it in my underwear.
但螢幕上看不到。你知道的,我穿著它們,相信我。我不是穿著內褲錄影的。
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E goes naked; I come clothed, okay? So it'll tell you other possible forms that you can
E 它是裸體沒錯 ; 而我有穿衣服,好嗎?所以字典會告訴你字的其他你會用到的
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use of that word, right? Now, I've given you something to help you
可能的形式,明白嗎?好,已經給了你一些知識關於你的字典
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with the dictionary, and this is fun. It's a nice, short lesson. I'm hoping it's going
如何幫助你,而且富饒趣味。這是個短而質精的課程。我希望這
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to be very useful because even Canadians -- I say "Canadians"; I'm sorry, but a lot of English
對你們來說是有用的因為,甚至加拿大人 -- 我說"加拿大人",抱歉,但很多說英語
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speakers don't know how to use the dictionary because it's set up in a way they just kind
的人不知道怎麼使用字典,因為它編排的方式就只被用來
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of look for the definition, and they don't know that these things are there to help them.
查詢字的定義,而他們卻不知道這些其他部分是來幫助他們知道更多這件事。
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There have been words I've looked for where I've said, like, "discombooblate" because
這邊有些字是我找到之前曾經說過的,像是,"discombooblate" 因為
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I don't know it's "discombobulate" because I don't understand if it's phonetic or the
我不知道它是"discombobulate",因為我不知道懂它是語音標示法的或是
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symbol -- syllable. I can speak English, really. And I had to learn when I started teaching
符號 -- 音標標示法。我會說英語,真的。而當我開始要教學生的時候開始
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students. When they say, "Teacher, why?" And I go, "Well this is for this. This -- oh,
我也需要學習更多。當他們說,"老師,為什麼呀?"而我說,"這是因為這樣。這樣 -- 喔~,
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golly, it is." This is very helpful stuff, right? But before I go too far off course,
天呀,這是這樣喔。" 這真是太有用的東西了,了解? 但當然是我還沒教得太過偏離正軌之前囉
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which means away from the subject, I want to give you some tips because this is good.
,也就是我偏題了,我要給你們一些憋步,因為實在很好用。
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This gives you power like a super power. You can use this and go, "I can learn words without
就像給你超能力一樣。你能使用這個然後說,"我能夠學習字彙
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the use of any other human being. Read, see, and hear." But how about we build, because
而不需要其他人類的幫助喔。讀,看和聽懂。" 但是我們如何建立字彙量,
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that's what the nature of this lesson is, to build our vocabulary. So let's go over here.
也就是這堂課的本質所在,建立我們的字彙量。我們來瀏覽一遍
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Ready? Tips. Tip No. 1: Look up words you
準備好了嗎?小撇步。第一步:查關於你每天都會
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hear every day, and then look at the words above and below the word to understand prefixes.
聽到的字,然後看底下、和其上的字來了解字首。
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This sentence makes no sense whatsoever. But it does because I'll explain it. What I mean is,
這個句子完全不通順呀。但經過我解釋之後你就能懂。我的意思是
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every day, when you're learning English, you're going to learn a new vocabulary word
每天,當你在學習英文時,你要學習一個新的單字
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or whatnot. And what I want you to do is take that word, write it down, then go home, open
或諸如此類。而我要你做的就是把那個自寫下來,然後回家,打開
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your paper dictionary, okay? And then look at the word, but look at the word above and
你的紙本字典,可以嗎?然後看著那個字,但看它的上方和
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below because -- I'm going to give you one right now. I'm looking here, and it says -- I'm
下方,因為 -- 我現在就要給你一個單字。我看這頁,它說 -- 我正
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looking at "implore". It means "beg", which means to go, "Please, please, please, please
看著"implore"。意思是"乞求",也就是會像,"拜託,拜託,拜託,拜託
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come back to EngVid and see James! Please! I beg you!" Okay? So "implore". Then, I look
回來看EngVid,也來看看詹姆士!拜託!我求你!"明白嗎?所以這就是"implore"。然後我往下看
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down at "imply". Then, I look at -- it says "implicit". And each one I get the idea that
"imply"。然後,我看到 -- 它寫著"implicit"。而我了解到每個字的
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there's something inside. Then I realize "im" means "inside" or "in". Ooh. That was interesting.
裡頭可以看出些端倪。我後來瞭解到"im"代表"裡頭"的意思或"進去"。喔~那真是有趣。
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So then, I start looking down and there's "impossible" and "importune", "impose", "impostor",
所以,我開始往下看到"imposible"和"importune","impose","impostor",
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"impotent". I'm not impotent. Maybe the worm. He's soft, but not me. Anyway. Well, what
"impotent"。我不是無能的。蟲哥也許是。它很軟,但我不是。總之。好,
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I'm saying is, all of these "im" words are in here, and I start going, "Oh, my gosh.
我是說,這裡所有包含"im"的字,我開始覺得,"喔,我的天呀。
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They all kind of have a similar meaning." It helps me build my vocabulary faster because
它們某種程度上都有個相似的意思包含在內。"這幫我加快建立我的字彙量,因為
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I learned what's called a "prefix". A "prefix" means -- "pre" is before -- something in front
我學習到所謂的一個"字首"。一個"字首"意思是 -- "pre"是之前的意思 -- 在字的前面
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of a word that gives meaning to the word or adds meaning to the word, right? And that's
給予那個字意義或增添多一層意義,明白嗎?而那就我們
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what we're doing. We're learning it, so it helps me build my vocabulary by learning prefixes.
今天在做的事。我們在學習字首,所以學習字首幫助我建立字彙量。
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Kind of cool, huh? How about the second one? Let's go to the
酷吧,哈?那第二個是如何?我們去
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monitor. He's going to talk again. Ready? Actually, it's not a monitor, it's Mr. E.
看螢幕。他又要開始說話囉。準備好了嗎?事實上,那不是螢幕,那是E先生。
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You've always wondered what I sound like, and yes, I have a sexy voice. So, the next
你總是疑惑我的聲音聽起來是怎樣,而沒錯,我有個性感的聲音。所以,下個你
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thing you want to do -- tip No. 2 is: Randomly -- "randomly" means not in order, just whenever
想要做的是 -- 小撇步二號是:Randomly -- "randomly"意思是沒有次序的,就隨時翻開字典
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-- for 2 or 3, 2 or 3, and try to make sentences. What the heck does that mean? Well, Mr. E,
-- 找兩到三個字,兩到三個字,試著造句。這到底是什麼意思?這麼嘛,E 先生,
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that's why I'm here. What Mr. E meant to say was this: Randomly take, take -- Mr. E -- 2
這是我在這邊的用處。E先生說的意思是:隨機取,取 -- E 先生 -- 兩
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or 3 words, okay? I want to make sure you can see it because I'm running out of room
到三個字,可以嗎?我要確定你能看到因為快沒空間寫了
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here. So I'm just going to put 2 or 3 words -- and try and make a sentence with it. So
所以我要寫二到三個字 -- 然後試著用它們造個句字。所以
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I've got "word" -- S. See? Two mistakes. Are you happy now? Bad, bad James. Okay, look.
我有"字" -- 漏了個 S。看吧?兩個錯誤了。你現在開心了吧?糟,糟糕的詹姆士。好吧,看這。
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So look at randomly for 2 or 3 words. And just open up the dictionary, and you take,
我隨機地找了兩到三個字。就是隨便翻開字典的某頁,然後你看到
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"bloom", and then take "incentive", and then take "platinum". "As an incentive for my blooming
"氣球",然後再翻一次看到"激勵",然後再翻看見"白金"。"為了給我蒸蒸日上的事業
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business, I got a platinum card." Oh, he teaches English. That's right. I do. What I'm saying
一些激勵,我辦了一張白金卡。"喔,他會教英文。沒錯。我會。我的意思是
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is you take two or three words randomly, right? And you try and make a sentence with them
你隨便挑兩到三個字,明白嗎?然後你試著用這些字,並參照字典中的規範
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using the rules you find from the dictionary. Is it a verb? Is it an adjective? Put them
造一個句子。它是動詞?還是形容詞?把它們放到各自該去的
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in place. That will help teach you syntax. So here are two ways you can, by yourself,
位置。這會幫助教你學會句法。所以這裡有兩個方法你可以,靠你自己,
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use this book by yourself and work on your English, learn things that you haven't been
靠你自己使用這本字典然後練習你的英文,學習你沒被任何人教過
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taught, and then prove or, as I said, build your vocabulary. Do you like that? Our little
的,然後證明或,像我說的一樣,建立你的字彙庫。這樣有興趣嗎?我們的小小
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moderator, Mr. E, that voice of his, will be back -- right? -- to help you build your
主席,E 先生,它的聲音,會在出現 -- 對吧? -- 來幫助你建立你的
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English vocabulary, syntax, conversation skills, grammar, and whatnot. I like that word. It's
英語字彙量,學習句法,對話技巧,文法,和諸如此類的。我喜歡那個字。它
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my word of the day. Anyway. Thanks a lot. Mr. E -- out. Know your
是我的每日一字。總之,非常感謝。E 先生 -- 你可以走了。瞭解你的
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dictionary, and know yourself, and you'll be victorious in every conversation you have.
字典,瞭解你自己,然後你會在往後每個對話中成功正確表達自己。
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Know only -- shut up with the Sun Tzu already. Okay.
就只要知道 -- 跟孫子一樣靜默就好。好的。