字幕列表 影片播放
-
How many of you have been to Oklahoma City?
你們當中有幾位到過俄克拉荷馬市?
-
Raise your hand. Yeah?
請舉一下手
-
How many of you have not been to Oklahoma City
有幾位沒到過俄克拉荷馬市
-
and have no idea who I am? (Laughter)
而且完全不清楚我是誰? (笑聲)
-
Most of you. Let me give you a little bit of background.
大部分的人啊 那給個背景資料好了
-
Oklahoma City started in the most
俄克拉荷馬市以十分特別
-
unique way imaginable.
想都想不到的方式崛起
-
Back on a spring day in 1889,
在1889年的春天
-
the federal government held what they called
聯邦政府用他們稱為
-
a land run.
「土地開跑」的方式開放土地
-
They literally lined up the settlers
他們直接請移民者排好隊
-
along an imaginary line,
在假想線上
-
and they fired off a gun,
然後下令放一槍
-
and the settlers roared across the countryside
移居人就開始咆哮奔馳過郊外
-
and put down a stake,
然後叉下一根棒子
-
and wherever they put down that stake,
所到之處叉下的那根棒子
-
that was their new home.
就成了他們的新家
-
And at the end of the very first day,
就在那天結束前
-
the population of Oklahoma City
俄克拉荷馬市的人口
-
had gone from zero to 10,000,
從零迅速增到一萬多人
-
and our planning department
而我們的企劃部
-
is still paying for that.
至今仍在為此買單
-
The citizens got together on that first day
當天人民也聚在一起
-
and elected a mayor.
推選了一位做市長
-
And then they shot him.
然後把他給槍殺了
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
-
That's not really all that funny
這可不好笑
-
-- (Laughter) --
--(笑聲)--
-
but it allows me to see what type of audience
但讓我更清楚我的觀眾屬哪類
-
I'm dealing with, so I appreciate the feedback.
所以很感謝您的反饋
-
The 20th century was fairly kind to Oklahoma City.
20世紀待俄克拉荷馬市不薄
-
Our economy was based on commodities,
我們的經濟建立在商品上
-
so the price of cotton or the price of wheat,
包括棉花的價格,小麥的價格
-
and ultimately the price of oil and natural gas.
最後到油價和天然氣的價格
-
And along the way, we became a city
這一路上,我們變成一座
-
of innovation.
充滿創新的城市
-
The shopping cart was invented in Oklahoma City.
購物手推車是在俄克拉荷馬市發明的
-
(Applause)
(鼓掌)
-
The parking meter, invented in Oklahoma City.
停車收費器也是在俄克拉荷馬市發明的
-
You're welcome.
別客氣
-
Having an economy, though,
建立在日用品上的經濟
-
that relates to commodities can give you some ups and some downs,
會一直給你跌跌幅幅
-
and that was certainly the case in Oklahoma City's history.
確實也在俄克拉荷馬市的歷史上發生過
-
In the 1970s, when it appeared
1970年
-
that the price of energy would never retreat,
能源的價格不斷衝高
-
our economy was soaring,
我們的經濟也因此受惠
-
and then in the early 1980s, it cratered quickly.
到了80年初,經濟迅速降溫
-
The price of energy dropped.
能源價下滑
-
Our banks began to fail.
我們的銀行開始關門大吉
-
Before the end of the decade,
要到80年末時
-
100 banks had failed in the state of Oklahoma.
俄克拉荷馬市已有一百家銀行倒閉
-
There was no bailout on the horizon.
盼望不到任何緊急援助
-
Our banking industry, our oil and gas industry,
我們的銀行業,石油和氣油產業,
-
our commercial real estate industry,
商業房產產業
-
were all at the bottom of the economic scale.
全都陷入經濟的谷底
-
Young people were leaving Oklahoma City in droves
年輕人成群結隊地離開俄克拉荷馬市
-
for Washington and Dallas and Houston and New York and Tokyo,
到華盛頓、達拉斯、休斯頓、紐約、東京等城市
-
anywhere where they could find a job that measured up
任何能讓他們找到工作的地方
-
to their educational attainment,
讓自己的學識派上用場的地方
-
because in Oklahoma City, the good jobs just weren't there.
因為在俄克拉荷馬市,好工作已不復存在了
-
But along at the end of the '80s
但到了80年代後期
-
came an enterprising businessman
來了一位富有膽識的企業家
-
who became mayor named Ron Norick.
事後成了市長 他叫羅納德•諾裡克
-
Ron Norick eventually figured out
羅納德•諾裡克最後發現
-
that the secret to economic development
經濟發展的秘密
-
wasn't incentivizing companies up front,
首要做的並不是先給予公司獎勵
-
it was about creating a place where businesses wanted to locate,
而是創造一個企業會想來長駐的地方
-
and so he pushed an initiative called MAPS
所以他推動了「都會區域計畫」(MAPS)
-
that basically was a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax
基本上就是每一美元就收走一分錢的銷售稅
-
to build a bunch of stuff.
作為建造的用途
-
It built a new sports arena,
建造了新的運動場
-
a new canal downtown,
建造了位於城市商業區的新運河
-
it fixed up our performing arts center,
修繕了我們的表演藝術中心
-
a new baseball stadium downtown,
位於城市商業區新的棒球場
-
a lot of things to improve the quality of life.
許多作為以改善生活品質
-
And the economy indeed seemed to start
然後經濟好像也確實開始
-
showing some signs of life.
顯現一些生命力
-
The next mayor came along.
接著下一任的市長上任了
-
He started MAPS for Kids,
他開始為孩子推出「都會區域計畫」
-
rebuilt the entire inner city school system,
重建整座內都市的學制
-
all 75 buildings either built anew or refurbished.
全部75棟建築物不是新建就是翻修
-
And then, in 2004,
接下來,到了2004年
-
in this rare collective lack of judgment
在看法上極少有交集的居民
-
bordering on civil disobedience,
對政府大都採取不合作的態度
-
the citizens elected me mayor.
他們推選我作市長
-
Now the city I inherited
現在我繼承的這座城市
-
was just on the verge
才剛要從
-
of coming out of its slumbering economy,
經濟不振的邊緣站出來
-
and for the very first time,
我們頭一次
-
we started showing up on the lists.
出現在排名的列表上
-
Now you know the lists I'm talking about.
現在你就懂我說的是什麼列表了
-
The media and the Internet
就是媒體和網路
-
love to rank cities.
喜好為城市排名
-
And in Oklahoma City,
而俄克拉荷馬市
-
we'd never really been on lists before.
之前從未真的列入任何排名
-
So I thought it was kind of cool
我直覺這還挺酷的
-
when they came out with these positive lists and we were on there.
我們的名字出現在這些正面的排名上
-
We weren't anywhere close to the top,
雖然與第一名相差甚遠
-
but we were on the list, we were somebody.
但卻出現在排名上,我們是大人物了
-
Best city to get a job,
我們成了就業的最佳城市
-
best city to start a business,
創業的最佳城市
-
best downtown --
最棒的城市商業區
-
Oklahoma City.
就在俄克拉荷馬市
-
And then came the list
緊接著出現這樣的排名
-
of the most obese cities in the country.
美國過胖人口最多的城市
-
And there we were.
赫然地發現我們的名字
-
Now I like to point out that we were on that list
我想跟你們說眀那排名表上
-
with a lot of really cool places.
我們還跟許多很酷的城市排名在一起
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
-
Dallas and Houston and New Orleans
達拉斯、休斯頓、紐奧良
-
and Atlanta and Miami.
亞特蘭大和邁阿密
-
You know, these are cities that, typically,
你也知道,跟這些城市排名在一起
-
you're not embarrassed to be associated with.
普通並不會感到尷尬的
-
But nonetheless, I didn't like being on the list.
但我仍舊不喜歡出現在那份排名表上
-
And about that time, I got on the scales.
就在那個時候,我踏上體重機
-
And I weighed 220 pounds.
我的體重達220磅
-
And then I went to this website
然後我就去到一個網站
-
sponsored by the federal government,
由聯邦政府贊助的
-
and I typed in my height, I typed in my weight,
鍵入我的身高,體重
-
and I pushed Enter,
然後按鍵盤上的「輸入」按鍵
-
and it came back and said "obese."
緊接著出現回覆:「過胖」
-
I thought, "What a stupid website."
我心想:「這網站可蠢爆了。」
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
-
"I'm not obese. I would know if I was obese."
心想:「我哪裡胖過頭了,若我有又怎可能不自知呢!」
-
And then I started getting honest with myself
然後我開始誠誠實實的面對自己
-
about what had become my lifelong struggle with obesity,
這也造就了我與肥胖的終生對抗
-
and I noticed this pattern,
然後我注意到此模式
-
that I was gaining about two or three pounds a year,
那就是我每年體重就會增加2到3磅
-
and then about every 10 years, I'd drop 20 or 30 pounds.
然後每10年,我就會甩掉20到30磅
-
And then I'd do it again.
然後整個循環再度開始
-
And I had this huge closet full of clothes,
我有超大的衣櫃,裝滿了衣服
-
and I could only wear a third of it at any one time,
每次都只穿的下衣櫃裡3分之1的衣裳
-
and only I knew which part of the closet I could wear.
而且也只有我心知肚明 衣櫃裡哪部分是我穿得下的
-
But it all seemed fairly normal, going through it.
但當年也沒覺得哪不對勁,感覺挺正常的
-
Well, I finally decided I needed to lose weight,
總之,我終於下定決心我需要減重
-
and I knew I could because I'd done it so many times before,
過去無數減重的經驗告訴我做得到
-
so I simply stopped eating as much.
我很單純的減少飲食的量
-
I had always exercised.
我一直都有做運動
-
That really wasn't the part of the equation
所以運動並不是
-
that I needed to work on.
我最需要努力的地方
-
But I had been eating 3,000 calories a day,
但我一天吃進3,000多的卡路里
-
and I cut it to 2,000 calories a day,
我把它降到一天2,000多的卡路里
-
and the weight came off. I lost about a pound a week
體重開始下降兒-每週減一磅
-
for about 40 weeks.
就這樣持續了40週
-
Along the way, though,
就在這期間
-
I started examining my city,
我開始仔細勘察我的城市
-
its culture, its infrastructure,
它的文化,它的基礎建設
-
trying to figure out why our specific city
絞盡腦筋想要了解
-
seemed to have a problem with obesity.
怎麼我們的城市會有過胖的問題
-
And I came to the conclusion
然後我下了結論
-
that we had built an incredible quality of life
那就是我們建造了最佳的生活品質
-
if you happen to be a car.
如果你恰好是一輛車的話
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
-
But if you happen to be a person,
但若你是人的話
-
you are combatting the car seemingly at every turn.
似乎每轉個彎都能碰到車
-
Our city is very spread out.
我們的城市遼闊無際
-
We have a great intersection of highways,
我們的公路擁有很棒的十字路口
-
I mean, literally no traffic congestion in Oklahoma City to speak of.
俄克拉荷馬市根本就沒有「交通堵塞」這四個字眼
-
And so people live far, far away.
所以人們都住得很遠
-
Our city limits are enormous, 620 square miles,
我們城市的車速路程很長- 620平方英里
-
but 15 miles is less than 15 minutes.
也就是說行駛15英里的路花不到15分鐘
-
You literally can get a speeding ticket
若這情況發生在俄克拉荷馬市的塞車尖峰時段
-
during rush hour in Oklahoma City.
是會被開超速的罰單
-
And as a result, people tend to spread out.
結果人們都傾向於住得很遠
-
Land's cheap.
土地便宜嘛
-
We had also not required developers
我們也很久沒要求開發商
-
to build sidewalks on new developments for a long, long time.
在新的建設上設人行道
-
We had fixed that, but it had been relatively recently,
我們也在近期解決了此問題
-
and there were literally 100,000
有10萬或更多的房子
-
or more homes into our inventory
在我們的編制中
-
in neighborhoods that had virtually no level of walkability.
包括根本沒有可步行性的社區
-
And as I tried to examine
在我試著審視
-
how we might deal with obesity,
如何解決過胖的問題
-
and was taking all of these elements into my mind,
納入各種考量因素後
-
I decided that the first thing we need to do
我決定該優先處理的
-
was have a conversation.
就是我們需要好好的談一談
-
You see, in Oklahoma City,
因為在俄克拉荷馬市
-
we weren't talking about obesity.
我們都不談論過胖的問題
-
And so, on New Year's Eve of 2007,
所以在2007年的除夕
-
I went to the zoo,
我去到動物園
-
and I stood in front of the elephants,
站在大象的前面
-
and I said, "This city is going on a diet,
然後說: 「這個城市要開始減重了,
-
and we're going to lose a million pounds."
我們要甩掉100萬磅。」
-
Well, that's when all hell broke loose.
這是驚天動地的大事啊
-
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
-
The national media
全國媒體的注意力
-
gravitated toward this story immediately,
瞬間聚焦在這事上
-
and they really could have gone with it one of two ways.
處理這樣的報導有兩種方向
-
They could have said,
他們大可說:
-
"This city is so fat
「這座城市真是胖到
-
that the mayor had to put them on a diet."
連市長都得強迫他們減肥了。」
-
But fortunately, the consensus was,
好在媒體都一致報導:
-
"Look, this is a problem in a lot of places.
「嘿,很多地方也面臨肥胖的問題,
-
This is a city that's wanting to do something about it."
但這座城市願意面對、著手處理這個問題」
-
And so they started helping us
然後他們開始給予我們協助
-
drive traffic to the website.
造成網路擁塞
-
Now, the web address was
網址為:
-
thiscityisgoingonadiet.com.
thiscityisgoingonadiet.com. (譯:這座城市要減重了)
-
And I appeared on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show"
後來我出現在「 艾倫•狄珍妮秀 」的脫口秀
-
one weekday morning to talk about the initiative,
某工作日的早晨要談「都會區域計畫」
-
and on that day, 150,000 visits
就在那天,創下了15萬訪客
-
were placed to our website.
登錄這個網站
-
People were signing up,
人們開始註冊
-
and so the pounds started to add up,
體重也開始一磅一磅的增添上來
-
and the conversation that I thought
我認為談肥胖症的重要性
-
was so important to have was starting to take place.
也開始陸續發生在多種場所
-
It was taking place inside the homes,
像是在家裡面
-
mothers and fathers talking about it with their kids.
爸媽會跟孩子談過胖的事
-
It was taking place in churches.
也開始出現在教會裡
-
Churches were starting their own running groups
教堂開始組自己的跑步團隊
-
and their own support groups
和支持團體
-
for people who were dealing with obesity.
為對抗過胖的人盡一份心力
-
Suddenly, it was a topic worth discussing at schools
一夕間,過胖成了校園和工作場所
-
and in the workplace.
值得談論的話題
-
And the large companies, they typically have
大公司普遍都有提供
-
wonderful wellness programs,
很棒的員工保健計畫
-
but the medium-sized companies
但對於中小公司而言
-
that typically fall between the cracks on issues like this,
在這議題上卻力不從心
-
they started to get engaged and used our program
他們也開始採納我們的健康計畫
-
as a model for their own employees
給他們的員工做參考
-
to try and have contests to see
然後藉由試辦比賽
-
who might be able to deal with their obesity situation
找出誰的方法不僅能夠利已
-
in a way that could be proactively beneficial to others.
還能在解決過胖的問題中對他人有利
-
And then came the next stage of the equation.
這就到了計畫裡的下一個階段
-
It was time to push what I called MAPS 3.
該是推動我稱做「都會區域計畫3」 的時候了
-
Now MAPS 3, like the other two programs,
就像前兩項計畫一樣
-
had had an economic development motive behind it,
背後都支撐著經濟發展的動力
-
but along with the traditional economic development tasks
但隨著傳統經濟發展的項目
-
like building a new convention center,
像建造新的會議中心
-
we added some health-related infrastructure
我們就在建造的過程中
-
to the process.
加入一些有益健康的基礎建設
-
We added a new central park, 70 acres in size,
我們也增添了一座70英畝大的中央公園
-
to be right downtown in Oklahoma City.
就在俄克拉荷馬市城市商業區
-
We're building a downtown streetcar
我們也在城市商業區建造有軌電車
-
to try and help the walkability formula
試著幫助選擇住在內都市的人
-
for people who choose to live in the inner city
提供更多可行走的方式
-
and help us create the density there.
進而幫助我們製造人口密集度
-
We're building senior health and wellness centers
我們正在建造老人健康和保健中心
-
throughout the community.
遍及整個社區
-
We put some investments on the river
我們也在河流方面做了投資
-
that had originally been invested upon
這項投資原本
-
in the original MAPS,
就列在「都會區域計畫」裡
-
and now we are currently in the final stages
目前也到了最後一個階段
-
of developing the finest venue in the world
開發全世界最棒的地點
-
for the sports of canoe, kayak and rowing.
做為划獨木舟、小皮艇、划船等運動的地方
-
We hosted the Olympic trials last spring.
去年春天我們為奧林匹克舉辦選拔賽
-
We have Olympic-caliber events coming to Oklahoma City,
也有水準高達奧林匹克的比賽項目來到本市舉辦