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This episode was probably made possible by the all new 2015 SUBARU LEGACY. It's not just a sedan. It's a Subaru.
這集是由全新 2015 速霸陸 LEGACY 所贊助。他不僅僅是台轎車,他是速霸陸汽車。
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Can you imagine what it would be like if we couldn't imagine things? Whoaaaaaa.
想像一下,如果我們沒有想像力,會變成什麼樣子?哇!
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Hello out there in imagination land, I'm Julian and this is DNews.
哈囉幻想樂園的大夥們,我是 Julian,這裡是 DNews。
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The human brain is so amazing that we often take for granted just how special it is.
人類的腦部實在太神奇,但我們卻時常把那麼特別的大腦視為理所當然。
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Our ability to think creatively and solve problems makes us a force to be reckoned with.
因為人類有創新思考進而解決問題的能力,才讓我們那麼特別。
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It's also enriched our lives by giving us music and art.
甚至透過創作音樂和藝術豐富了我們的生活。
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But it's something we can do at a level almost no other creature on earth can, so why are we so special?
但想像力是人類特有的,所以,我們為何會那麼特別?
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According to Steven Mithen, an anthropologist who specializes in evolution of the mind at the University of Reading, we went through 7 steps on the way to being human that let us have and harness our imagination.
雷汀大學的人類學家 Steven Mithen,他鑽研心智演化,根據他的說法,在擁有想像力前,人類經過了七個步驟。
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The first step, Mithen says, was developed way back, about 3 and a half million years ago.
Mithen 表示,第一步要追朔到 350 萬年前。
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Technically there weren't people yet but australopithecus, and they started understanding the theory of Mind right around the same time Panama was settling into place.
技術上來說,當時沒有人類,只有南方古猿,大約在開始在巴拿馬地區定居時,他們開始了解「心智理論」。
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Theory of Mind is the ability to understand that other creatures have thoughts and beliefs that may be different to our own.
「心智理論」是一種能夠了解他人想法和信仰的能力,而這些可能跟自己的想法大不相同。
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Though after spending 5 minutes on the internet, I'm not so sure everyone has this ability.
儘管花了五分鐘在網路上,我不確定是否每個人都有這種能力。
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The next big development came thanks to Homo habilis' long path to adulthood.
下一個重大發展歸功於巧人漫長的青少年時期。
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Researchers think a lengthy childhood and adolescence means they, and by extension we, have a long time to learn and play without adult responsibilities getting in the way.
學者認為,漫長的幼年時期和青春期,讓他們,也就是我們,在玩樂和學習之餘不用負擔大人所該負的責任。
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It's called Human Life History.
這稱做人類生活理論。
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It's also the best excuse ever for not leaving college.
這也一直都是不想畢業的最佳藉口。
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Mithen credits Homo erectus with developing Specialized Intelligence about a million years ago.
Mithen 接著把一百萬年前發展出的專業心智歸功給直立猿人。
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Now our ancestors could build specific thoughts into more complex ideas and start to compare them to each other to form new ideas.
目前為止,我們的祖先已經可以思考複雜的問題,並比較其他想法,激盪出新的火花。
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Homo sapiens had finally come onto the scene about 200 thousand years ago, and they developed the final four leaps to imagination within the last 10 thousand to a hundred thousand, depending on who you ask.
智人終於在 20 萬年前出現,他們發展出最後四個快速發展智力的階段,這發生在短短的一萬到一萬兩千年前,確切時間看你根據誰的說法。
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It starts with language.
一切從語言開始。
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Now we can assign sounds to concrete objects and abstract ideas.
現在我們可以把音對應到確切的事物,或是抽象的概念。
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This leads to Cognitive Fluidity, where we can use metaphors and symbols to help us understand and explain an idea.
這產生了知識流動性,意思是我們可以用比喻、象徵,幫助我們了解並完整詮釋任何想法。
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Those developments segue nicely into step 6.
這些發展順利地來到第六個步驟。
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Now we can clearly communicate an idea to someone else, and they can add their brain power to equation.
現在我們可以清楚地和他人交換想法,別人同樣的也可以一起動腦發想。
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Mithen calls it the extended mind.
Mithen 稱之為延伸心智。
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Sharing information and ideas helps them grow and change.
分享資訊和想法幫助人類成長和改變。
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It's why, in my opinion, the internet is the single greatest invention ever.
在我看來,這就是為何網路是有史以來最偉大的發明。
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Aside from sliced bread, obviously.
當然是比不上吐司麵包啦!
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Finally modern humans could put all this to use when they developed farming and produced a surplus of food.
最後,現代人可以完全應用這些來發展農耕,產出更多的糧食。
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Now that we weren't moving around all the time and trying to solve our daily problems of finding food and shelter,
現在,我們不用整天東奔西跑,為了糧食和居住問題煩惱。
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we could turn our collective imaginations towards thinking of new inventions or creative pursuits like art.
我們可以把我們共同的想像力,運用在發明新事物,或者藝術創作。
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And being able to imagine things that seem impossible challenged us to find ways to make it real.
思考那些似乎不可能的事,讓我們能找出方法讓這些事成真。
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Like how in Star Trek 40 years ago they had communicators long before the cell phone was invented.
像是 40 年前,手機問世之前,星際爭霸戰早已經有了通訊器。
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Of course, because they had to keep the plot going, Star Trek writers also imagined something else that ended up happening.
當然,為了讓故事走下去,星際爭霸戰編劇也發明了其他東西,這些東西後來也成真了。
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No reception. Thanks, Star Trek.
訊號不良。 謝囉,星際爭霸戰。
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If you want to learn more ways language advanced the human race, Tara looks into that for you here.
如果你想知道語言如何讓大腦更進步,點這裡看看 Tara 更詳盡的解說。
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And what's an idea you want to get the collective might of the human network behind?
而你還想知道什麼有關人際網絡背後複雜龐大的內容?
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Let us know in the comments, and thanks for watching DNews.
留言讓我們知道,感謝你們收看 DNews。