There's a building in Sydney at 1 Bligh Street.

在雪梨的Bligh街1號有一棟樓。

It houses lots of government apartments

這裡有很多政府公寓

and busy people.

和忙碌的人們。

From the outside, it looks like something out of American science fiction:

從外面看，它像是美國科幻小說裡的東西。

all gleaming glass and curved lines,

都是閃閃發光的玻璃和彎曲的線條。

and a piece of orange sculpture.

和一塊橙色的雕塑。

On the inside, it has excellent coffee on the ground floor

裡面的一樓有很好的咖啡。

and my favorite lifts in Sydney.

和我最喜歡的電梯在雪梨。

They're beautiful;

他們是美麗的。

they look almost alive.

他們看起來幾乎是活的。

And it turns out I'm fascinated with lifts.

而事實證明，我對電梯很著迷。

For lots of reasons.

原因很多。

But because lifts are one of the places you can see the future.

但因為電梯是你能看到未來的地方之一。

In the 21st century, lifts are interesting

在21世紀，電梯是有趣的

because they're one of the first places that AI will touch you

因為它們是人工智能最先接觸你的地方之一。

without you even knowing it happened.

你甚至不知道它的發生。

In many buildings all around the world,

在世界各地的許多建築中。

the lifts are running a set of algorithms.

的升降機正在運行一套算法。

A form of protoartificial intelligence.

原人工智能的一種形式。

That means before you even walk up to the lift to press the button,

也就是說，在你還沒有走到電梯前就按下按鈕。

it's anticipated you being there.

它的預期 你在那裡。

It's already rearranging all the carriages.

已經在重新安排所有的車廂了。

Always going down, to save energy,

一直往下走，為了節約能源。

and to know where the traffic is going to be.

並知道流量的走向。

By the time you've actually pressed the button,

等到你真正按下按鈕的時候。

you're already part of an entire system

你已經是整個系統的一部分

that's making sense of people and the environment

人情世故

and the building and the built world.

和建築和建成的世界。

I know when we talk about AI, we often talk about a world of robots.

我知道當我們談論人工智能時，我們經常談論一個機器人的世界。

It's easy for our imaginations to be occupied with science fiction,

我們的想象力很容易被科幻小說佔據。

well, over the last 100 years.

好吧，在過去的100年裡，

I say AI and you think "The Terminator."

我說人工智能，你就會想到 "終結者"。

Somewhere, for us, making the connection between AI and the built world,

某個地方，對我們來說，讓人工智能和建築世界之間的聯繫。

that's a harder story to tell.

那是一個更難講的故事。

But the reality is AI is already everywhere around us.

但事實上，人工智能已經在我們身邊無處不在。

And in many places.

而在很多地方。

It's in buildings and in systems.

它在建築和系統中。

More than 200 years of industrialization

200多年的工業化歷程

suggest that AI will find its way to systems-level scale relatively easily.

表明人工智能會比較容易地找到系統級的規模。

After all, one telling of that history

畢竟，一說起這段歷史

suggests that all you have to do is find a technology,

建議你要做的就是找到一種技術。

achieve scale and revolution will follow.

實現規模化，革命就會隨之而來。

The story of mechanization, automation and digitization

機械化、自動化和數字化的故事。

all point to the role of technology and its importance.

都指出了技術的作用及其重要性。

Those stories of technological transformation

那些技術改造的故事

make scale seem, well, normal.

使規模看起來，嗯，正常。

Or expected.

或預期。

And stable.

而且穩定。

And sometimes even predictable.

有時甚至可以預見。

But it also puts the focus squarely on technology and technology change.

但這也讓人們把焦點正對著技術和技術變革。

But I believe that scaling a technology and building a system

但我相信，擴展一項技術，建立一個系統

requires something more.

需要更多的東西。

We founded the 3Ai Institute at the Australian National University

我們在澳洲國立大學成立了3Ai研究所。

in September 2017.

在2017年9月。

It has one deceptively simple mission:

它的任務非常簡單。

to establish a new branch of engineering

創立新工科

to take AI safely, sustainably and responsibly to scale.

以安全、可持續、負責任地將人工智能推向規模化。

But how do you build a new branch of engineering in the 21st century?

但如何在21世紀建立一個新的工程分支？

Well, we're teaching it into existence

好吧，我們正在教它存在

through an experimental education program.

通過實驗教育計劃。

We're researching it into existence

我們正在研究它的存在

with locations as diverse as Shakespeare's birthplace,

與莎士比亞出生地等不同地點。

the Great Barrier Reef,

大堡礁。

not to mention one of Australia's largest autonomous mines.

更何況是澳洲最大的自主礦山之一。

And we're theorizing it into existence,

而我們卻把它理論化為存在。

paying attention to the complexities of cybernetic systems.

關注控制論系統的複雜性；

We're working to build something new and something useful.

我們正在努力打造一些新的、有用的東西。

Something to create the next generation of critical thinkers and critical doers.

培養下一代批判性思維者和批判性行動者的東西。

And we're doing all of that

而我們正在做的這一切

through a richer understanding of AI's many pasts and many stories.

通過更豐富的瞭解人工智能的許多過去和許多故事。

And by working collaboratively and collectively

並通過合作和集體工作

through teaching and research and engagement,

通過教學、研究和參與。

and by focusing as much on the framing of the questions

並儘可能多地注重問題的框架。

as the solving of the problems.

作為解決問題的。

We're not making a single AI,

我們不是在做一個人工智能。

we're making the possibilities for many.

我們正在為許多人創造可能性。

And we're actively working to decolonize our imaginations

而我們正在積極地努力去掉我們的想象力。

and to build a curriculum and a pedagogy

並建立課程和教學法。

that leaves room for a range of different conversations and possibilities.

這為一系列不同的對話和可能性留下了空間。

We are making and remaking.

我們在製造和重造。

And I know we're always a work in progress.

我知道我們總是在進步。

But here's a little glimpse

但這裡有一個小花絮

into how we're approaching that problem of scaling a future.

成，我們是如何處理這個問題的規模未來。

We start by making sure we're grounded in our own history.

我們首先要確保我們立足於自己的歷史。

In December of 2018,

在2018年12月。

I took myself up to the town of Brewarrina

我帶著自己去了佈雷瓦里納鎮。

on the New South Wales-Queensland border.

在新南威爾士-昆士蘭邊境。

This place was a meeting place for Aboriginal people,

這個地方是原住民的聚會場所。

for different groups,

針對不同群體。

to gather, have ceremonies, meet, to be together.

聚集，舉行儀式，見面，在一起。

There, on the Barwon River, there's a set of fish weirs

在那裡，在巴原河上，有一組魚堰。

that are one of the oldest and largest systems

是最古老和最大的系統之一。

of Aboriginal fish traps in Australia.

澳洲土著人捕魚器的使用。

This system is comprised of 1.8 kilometers of stone walls

該系統由1.8公里長的石牆組成。

shaped like a series of fishnets

魚網狀

with the "Us" pointing down the river,

與 "我們 "指向河下。

allowing fish to be trapped at different heights of the water.

讓魚兒在不同高度的水面上被誘捕。

They're also fish holding pens with different-height walls for storage,

它們也是有不同高度的牆體的魚缸，用於儲存。

designed to change the way the water moves

旨在改變水的流動方式

and to be able to store big fish and little fish

並能儲存大魚和小魚。

and to keep those fish in cool, clear running water.

並把這些魚放在涼爽、清澈的流水中。

This fish-trap system was a way to ensure that you could feed people

這個捕魚系統是保證你能養活人的一種方式。

as they gathered there in a place that was both a meeting of rivers

當他們聚集在一個河流交匯的地方的時候

and a meeting of cultures.

和文化的交匯。

It isn't about the rocks or even the traps per se.

這不是關於石頭，甚至不是關於陷阱本身。

It is about the system that those traps created.

是關於那些陷阱造成的制度。

One that involves technical knowledge,

一種是涉及技術知識的。

cultural knowledge

文化知識

and ecological knowledge.

和生態知識。

This system is old.

這個系統是舊的。

Some archaeologists think it's as old as 40,000 years.

一些考古學家認為它的歷史有4萬年之久。

The last time we have its recorded uses is in the nineteen teens.

我們最後一次有它的用途記錄是在十九世紀的十幾歲。

It's had remarkable longevity and incredible scale.

它有著非凡的壽命和不可思議的規模。

And it's an inspiration to me.

而這也是對我的一種激勵。

And a photo of the weir is on our walls here at the Institute,

而堰塞湖的照片就在我們研究所的牆上。

to remind us of the promise and the challenge

提醒我們的承諾和挑戰

of building something meaningful.

的建設有意義。

And to remind us that we're building systems

並提醒我們，我們正在建立系統。

in a place where people have built systems

在人家的地方

and sustained those same systems for generations.

並使這些相同的系統世代相傳。

It isn't just our history,

這不僅僅是我們的歷史。

it's our legacy as we seek to establish a new branch of engineering.

這是我們的傳統，因為我們正在尋求建立一個新的工程分支。

To build on that legacy and our sense of purpose,

在這一遺產和我們的目標感的基礎上再接再厲。

I think we need a clear framework for asking questions about the future.

我認為我們需要一個明確的框架來提出關於未來的問題。

Questions for which there aren't ready or easy answers.

沒有現成或簡單答案的問題；

Here, the point is the asking of the questions.

這裡，重點是提出問題。

We believe you need to go beyond the traditional approach

我們相信，你需要超越傳統的方法。

of problem-solving,

的解決問題。

to the more complicated one of question asking

到更復雜的提問

and question framing.

和問題框架。

Because in so doing, you open up all kinds of new possibilities

因為這樣一來，你就打開了各種新的可能性。

and new challenges.

和新的挑戰。

For me, right now,

對我來說，現在。

there are six big questions that frame our approach

有六個大問題構成了我們的方法

for taking AI safely, sustainably and responsibly to scale.

用於將人工智能安全、可持續和負責任地推向規模。

Questions about autonomy,

關於自主性的問題。

agency, assurance,

機構，保證。

indicators, interfaces and intentionality.

指標、接口和意向性。

The first question we ask is a simple one.

我們問的第一個問題很簡單。

Is the system autonomous?

系統是否自主？

Think back to that lift on Bligh Street.

回想起曇花街的那部電梯。

The reality is, one day, that lift may be autonomous.

現實上，有一天，這種升降機可能是自主的。

Which is to say it will be able to act without being told to act.

也就是不叫它行動，它就能行動。

But it isn't fully autonomous, right?

但它不是完全自主的吧？

It can't leave that Bligh Street building

它不能離開布利街的那棟樓。

and wonder down to Circular Quay for a beer.

然後到環形碼頭去喝啤酒。

It goes up and down, that's all.

漲漲跌跌，僅此而已。

But it does it by itself.

但它自己就能做到。

It's autonomous in that sense.

從這個意義上說，它是自主的。

The second question we ask:

我們問的第二個問題。

does this system have agency?

這個系統有機構嗎？

Does this system have controls and limits that live somewhere

這個系統是否有控制和限制，生活在某個地方。

that prevent it from doing certain kinds of things under certain conditions.

阻止它在某些條件下做某些種類的事情。

The reality with lifts, that's absolutely the case.

現實與升降機，絕對是這樣的。

Think of any lift you've been in.

想想你坐過的任何電梯。

There's a red keyslot in the elevator carriage

電梯轎廂裡有個紅色的鑰匙槽。

that an emergency services person can stick a key into

緊急服務人員可以把鑰匙插進。

and override the whole system.

並凌駕於整個系統之上。

But what happens when that system is AI-driven?

但是，如果這個系統是由人工智能驅動的，會發生什麼？

Where does the key live?

鑰匙住在哪裡？

Is it a physical key, is it a digital key?

是物理鑰匙，還是數字鑰匙？

Who gets to use it?

誰可以使用它？

Is that the emergency services people?

是緊急服務人員嗎？

And how would you know if that was happening?

你怎麼會知道是否有這種情況發生？

How would all of that be manifested to you in the lift?

這些對你來說，在電梯裡會有怎樣的體現呢？

The third question we ask is how do we think about assurance.

第三個問題，我們要問的是如何看待保證。

How do we think about all of its pieces:

我們如何看待它的所有作品。

safety, security, trust, risk, liability, manageability,

安全、保障、信任、風險、責任、可管理性。

explicability, ethics, public policy, law, regulation?

可解釋性、道德性、公共政策、法律、規?

And how would we tell you that the system was safe and functioning?

那我們怎麼告訴你，這個系統是安全的，是正常運行的呢？

The fourth question we ask

我們提出的第四個問題

is what would be our interfaces with these AI-driven systems.

就是我們與這些人工智能驅動系統的接口會是什麼。

Will we talk to them?

我們會跟他們談嗎？

Will they talk to us, will they talk to each other?

他們會不會和我們說話，會不會互相說話？

And what will it mean to have a series of technologies we've known,

而我們所熟知的一系列技術將意味著什麼。

for some of us, all our lives,

對我們中的一些人來說，我們的一生。

now suddenly behave in entirely different ways?

現在突然表現得完全不同？

Lifts, cars, the electrical grid, traffic lights, things in your home.

電梯、汽車、電網、交通燈、家裡的東西。

The fifth question for these AI-driven systems:

這些人工智能驅動的系統的第五個問題。

What will the indicators be to show that they're working well?

用什麼指標來顯示他們的工作效果好呢？

Two hundred years of the industrial revolution

二百年的工業革命

tells us that the two most important ways to think about a good system

告訴我們，一個好的系統最重要的兩個思路是

are productivity and efficiency.

是生產力和效率。

In the 21st century,

在21世紀。

you might want to expand that just a little bit.

你可能想擴大，只是一點點。

Is the system sustainable,

該系統是否可持續；

is it safe, is it responsible?

是否安全，是否負責？

Who gets to judge those things for us?

誰能替我們評判這些事情？

Users of the systems would want to understand

這些系統的用戶希望瞭解

how these things are regulated, managed and built.

如何對這些東西進行監管、管理和建設。

And then there's the final, perhaps most critical question

還有最後一個問題，也許是最關鍵的問題

that you need to ask of these new AI systems.

你需要對這些新的人工智能系統提出的要求。

What's its intent?

它的用意是什麼？

What's the system designed to do

這個系統的設計目的是什麼？

and who said that was a good idea?

誰說這是個好主意？

Or put another way,

或者換一種說法。

what is the world that this system is building,

這個系統所構建的世界是什麼。

how is that world imagined,

那個世界是如何想象的。

and what is its relationship to the world we live in today?

以及它與我們今天生活的世界有什麼關係？

Who gets to be part of that conversation?

誰能成為對話的一部分？

Who gets to articulate it?

誰來闡述？

How does it get framed and imagined?

它是如何被定格和想象的？

There are no simple answers to these questions.

這些問題沒有簡單的答案。

Instead, they frame what's possible

相反，他們將可能的事情定格在

and what we need to imagine,

以及我們需要想象的。

design, build, regulate and even decommission.

設計、建設、監管甚至退役。

They point us in the right directions

他們為我們指明瞭正確的方向

and help us on a path to establish a new branch of engineering.

並幫助我們走上建立一個新的工程分支的道路。

But critical questions aren't enough.

但關鍵問題還不夠。

You also need a way of holding all those questions together.

你還需要有一種方法，把所有這些問題結合起來。

For us at the Institute,

對我們研究所來說。

we're also really interested in how to think about AI as a system,

我們對如何將人工智能作為一個系統來思考也非常感興趣。

and where and how to draw the boundaries of that system.

以及在哪裡和如何劃定該系統的邊界。

And those feel like especially important things right now.

而這些感覺就像是現在特別重要的事情。

Here, we're influenced by the work that was started way back in the 1940s.

在這裡，我們受到早在40年代就開始的工作的影響。

In 1944, along with anthropologists Gregory Bateson and Margaret Mead,

1944年，與人類學家Gregory Bateson和Margaret Mead一起。

mathematician Norbert Wiener convened a series of conversations

數學家諾貝特-維納召集了一系列的談話。

that would become known as the Macy Conferences on Cybernetics.

這就是後來被稱為 "梅西控制論 "的會議。

Ultimately, between 1946 and 1953,

最終，在1946年至1953年間。

ten conferences were held under the banner of cybernetics.

在控制論的旗幟下舉行了十次會議。

As defined by Norbert Wiener,

按照諾伯特-維納的定義。

cybernetics sought to "develop a language and techniques

控制論試圖 "發展一種語言和技術"。

that will enable us to indeed attack the problem of control and communication

這將使我們能夠真正解決控制和通信問題。

in advanced computing technologies."

在先進的計算技術方面"。

Cybernetics argued persuasively

控制論有說服力地論證道

that one had to think about the relationship

我們不得不考慮的關係

between humans, computers

人與計算機之間

and the broader ecological world.

和更廣闊的生態世界。

You had to think about them as a holistic system.

你必須把它們當作一個整體系統來考慮。

Participants in the Macy Conferences were concerned with how the mind worked,

梅西會議的與會者關注的是心靈如何運作。

with ideas about intelligence and learning,

與智能和學習的理念。

and about the role of technology in our future.

以及關於技術在我們未來的作用。

Sadly, the conversations that started with the Macy Conference

可悲的是，從梅西會議開始的對話。

are often forgotten when the talk is about AI.

在談論人工智能的時候，往往被遺忘。

But for me, there's something really important to reclaim here

但對我來說，有一些很重要的東西要在這裡重新找回。

about the idea of a system that has to accommodate culture,

關於制度必須適應文化的想法。

technology and the