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Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martínez
轉錄者:約瑟夫-傑尼Joseph Geni 審稿人: Camille MartínezCamille Martínez
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Have you ever seen something
你見過的東西
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and you wish you could have said something
你希望你能說些什麼
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but you didn't?
但你沒有?
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A second question I have is: Has something ever happened to you
我的第二個問題是:你有沒有發生過什麼事?
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and you never said anything about it,
而你從來沒有說過什麼。
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though you should have?
雖然你應該有?
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I'm interested in this idea of action,
我對這種行動的想法很感興趣。
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of the difference between seeing something,
的區別,看到的東西。
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which is basically passively observing,
這基本上是被動的觀察。
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and the actual act of bearing witness.
和實際的作證行為。
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Bearing witness means writing down something you have seen,
做見證的意思是把自己看到的東西寫下來。
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something you have heard,
你聽過的東西。
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something you have experienced.
你經歷過的事情。
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The most important part of bearing witness is writing it down,
作見證最重要的部分是寫下來。
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it's recording.
它的記錄。
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Writing it down captures the memory.
寫下來就能抓住記憶。
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Writing it down acknowledges its existence.
寫下來就承認了它的存在。
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One of the biggest examples we have in history
我們有史以來最大的一個例子
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of someone bearing witness is Anne Frank's diary.
有人作證的是安妮-弗蘭克的日記。
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She simply wrote down what was happening to her and her family
她只是簡單地寫下了發生在她和她的家人身上的事情。
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about her confinement,
關於她的監禁。
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and in doing so, we have a very intimate record of this family
這樣一來,我們就有了關於這個家庭的非常親密的記錄。
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during one of the worst periods of our world's history.
在我們世界歷史上最糟糕的時期之一。
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And I want to talk to you today about how to use creative writing
而我今天想和大家談談如何運用創意寫作的方法。
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to bear witness.
來作證。
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And I'm going to walk you through an exercise,
而我要帶你做一個練習。
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which I'm going to do myself,
這是我自己要做的。
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that I actually do with a lot of my collegiate students.
其實我和我的很多大學生都是這樣做的。
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These are you future engineers, technicians, plumbers --
這些都是你們未來的工程師、技師、管道工... ...
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basically, they're not creative writers,
基本上,他們不是 創意作家。
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they don't plan on becoming creative writers.
他們不打算成為 創意作家。
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But we use these exercises to kind of un-silence things
但是,我們用這些練習來解除沉默的東西。
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we've been keeping silent.
我們一直保持沉默。
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It's a way to unburden ourselves.
這是一種卸下自己負擔的方式。
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And it's three simple steps.
而且是簡單的三步。
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So step one is to brainstorm and write it down.
所以第一步就是要集思廣益,把它寫下來。
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And what I have my students do is I give them a prompt,
而我讓我的學生做的是我給他們一個提示。
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and the prompt is "the time when."
而提示是 "當的時間"。
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And I want them to fill in that prompt
我想讓他們填寫那個提示
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with times they might have experienced something,
與時代,他們可能經歷了一些。
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heard something or seen something,
聽到了什麼或看到了什麼。
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or seen something and they could have intervened,
或看到了什麼,他們可以進行干預。
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but they didn't.
但他們沒有。
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And I have them write it down as quickly as possible.
而且我讓他們儘快寫下來。
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So I'll give you an example of some of the things I would write down.
所以我舉個例子,我會寫下一些東西。
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The time when, a few months after 9/11,
在911事件後的幾個月,當。
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and two boys dared themselves to touch me,
和兩個男孩敢於自己碰我。
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and they did.
而他們也做到了。
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The time when my sister and I were walking in a city,
我和姐姐在一個城市裡行走的時候。
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and a guy spat at us and called us terrorists.
有個人朝我們吐口水,說我們是恐怖分子。
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The time way back when
昔日的時光
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when I went to a very odd middle school,
當我上了一所很奇怪的中學。
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and girls a couple years older than me were being married off to men
比我大幾歲的女孩都被嫁出去了
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nearly double their age.
幾乎是他們年齡的兩倍。
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The time when a friend pulled a gun on me.
有一次,一個朋友拿槍指著我。
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The time when I went to a going-away luncheon
那次我去參加餞行午餐會的時候
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for a coworker,
為同事。
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and a big boss questioned my lineage for 45 minutes.
和一個大老闆盤問了我45分鐘的血統。
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And there are times when I have seen something
有時我也會看到一些
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and I haven't intervened.
而我還沒有插手。
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For example, the time when I was on a train
比如說,我在火車上的那一次
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and I witnessed a father beating his toddler son,
我親眼目睹了一個父親打他蹣跚學步的兒子。
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and I didn't do anything.
而我什麼都沒做。
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Or the many times I've walked by someone who was homeless and in need,
或者說,我曾多次走過無家可歸、需要幫助的人。
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they've asked me for money, and I've walked around them,
他們向我要錢,而我在他們身邊走來走去。
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and I did not acknowledge their humanity.
而我卻不承認他們的人性。
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And the list could go on and on,
而這個名單還可以繼續下去。
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but you want to think of times when something might have happened sexually,
但你要想一想,什麼時候可能發生過性事。
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times when you've been keeping things repressed,
當你一直在壓抑事情的時候。
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and times with our families,
以及與家人相處的時光。
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because (In a hushed voice) God bless them.
因為上帝保佑他們。
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(Laughter)
(笑聲)
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Our families, we love them,
我們的家人,我們愛他們。
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but at the same time, we don't talk about things.
但同時,我們也不談事情。
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So we may not talk about the family member who has been using drugs
所以,我們可以不說家人吸毒的事了
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or abusing alcohol.
或酗酒。
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We don't talk about the family member who might have severe mental illness.
我們不談可能患有嚴重精神疾病的家庭成員。
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We'll say something like, "Oh, they've always been that way,"
我們會說,"哦,他們一直都是這樣的,"
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and we hope that in not talking about it,
而我們希望,在不談論它。
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in not acknowledging it,
在不承認它。
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we can act like it doesn't exist, that it'll somehow fix itself.
我們可以假裝它不存在, 它會以某種方式修復自己。
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So the goal is to get at least 10 things,
所以,目標是至少得到10件東西。
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and once you have 10 things,
而一旦你有10件事。
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you've actually done part 1, which is bear witness.
你實際上已經做了第一部分, 這是見證。
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You have un-silenced something that you have been keeping silent.
你已經解除了你一直保持沉默的東西。
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And so after this, you're ready for step 2,
所以在這之後,你就可以進行第二步了。
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which is to narrow it down and focus.
也就是縮小範圍,突出重點。
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And what I suggest is going back to that list of 10
而我的建議是,回到那份10人名單上
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and picking three things that are really tugging at you,
並挑選出三件真正讓你心動的事情。
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three things you feel strongly.
三件你強烈感覺到的事情。
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It doesn't have to be the most dramatic things,
不一定要做最戲劇化的事情。
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but it's things that are like, "Ah," like, "I have to write about this."
但它的東西是像, "啊,"喜歡,"我必須寫這個。"
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And I suggest you sit down at a table with a pen and paper --
我建議你坐在桌子前,拿著筆和紙... ...
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that's my preferred method for recording, but you can also use a tablet,
這是我首選的記錄方法,但你也可以使用平板電腦。
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an iPad, a computer,
一個iPad,一臺電腦。
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but something that lets you write it down.
但能讓你寫下來的東西。
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And I suggest taking 30 minutes of uninterrupted time,
而且我建議用30分鐘的時間不間斷地進行。
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meaning that you cut your phone off,
意味著你切斷了手機。
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put it on airplane mode,
把它放在飛機模式。
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no email,
郵件中。
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and if you have a family, if you have children,
如果你有家庭,如果你有孩子。
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give yourself 20 minutes, five minutes.
給自己20分鐘,5分鐘。
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The goal is just to give yourself time to write.
目標只是給自己時間去寫。
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What you're going to write
你要寫什麼
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is you're going to focus on three things.
是你要關注三件事。
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You're going to focus on the details,
你要注重細節。
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you're going to focus on the order of events,
你要關注事件的順序。
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and you're going to focus on how it made you feel.
而你要專注於它讓你感覺如何。
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That is the most important part.
這是最重要的部分。
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I am the guinea pig today,
今天我就是那隻豚鼠。
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and so I'm going to walk you through how I do it.
所以我將帶你瞭解我是如何做的。
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I'm going to pick three things.
我要選三樣東西。
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So the first thing I feel very, very strongly about
所以,首先我覺得非常,非常強烈的是
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is that time a couple months after 9/11
是在911事件後的幾個月
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when those two boys dared themselves to touch me.
當那兩個男孩敢於碰我的時候。
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I remember I was in a rural mall in North Carolina,
我記得我在北卡羅來納州的一個鄉村商場裡。
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and I was walking, just walking, minding my business,
我走著,只是走著,想著我的事。
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and I felt people walking behind me, like, very, very close,
我覺得人們走在我身後, 像,非常,非常接近。
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and I'm like, "OK, that's kind of weird. Let me walk a little bit faster.
我想,"好吧,這是一種奇怪的,讓我走得更快一點。
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There's a whole mall around me. What is happening?"
我周圍有一整個商場。發生了什麼事?"
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They walk a little bit faster, and I hear them going back and forth:
他們走得有點快,我聽到他們來回走動的聲音。
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"You do it!" "No, you do it!"
"你來!""不,你來!"
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And then one of them pushes me, and I almost fall to the ground.
然後其中一個人推了我一把,我差點摔倒在地。
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So I kind of pop back up, expecting some type of apology,
所以我又蹦了出來,期待著某種形式的道歉。
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and the weirdest thing is that they did not run away.
而最奇怪的是,他們沒有逃跑。
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They actually went and just stood right next to me.
他們居然去了,就站在我旁邊。
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And I remember there was a guy with blond hair,
我還記得有一個金髮的傢伙。
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and he had a bright red polo shirt,
他有一個鮮紅的Polo衫。
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and he was telling the other guy, like, "Give me my money. I did it, man."
他告訴另一個人,就像,"給我我的錢,我做到了,夥計。我做到了,夥計。"
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And the guy with the brown hair, I remember he had a choppy haircut,
還有那個棕色頭髮的傢伙,我記得他的髮型很亂。
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and he gave him a five-dollar bill,
他給了他一張五美元的鈔票。
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and I remember it was crumpled.
我記得它是皺巴巴的。
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And so I'm like, am I still standing here?
所以我想,我還站在這裡嗎?
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This thing just happened. What just happened?
這事剛剛發生了。剛剛發生了什麼?
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And it was so weird to be the end of someone's dare,
而成為別人的大冒險的終點,實在是太奇怪了。
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and also at the end to not exist to them.
也在最後對他們不存在。
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I remember it kind of reminded me of the time when I was younger
我記得這讓我想起了我年輕時的時光。
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and someone dared me to touch something nasty or disgusting.
有人敢讓我去碰一些噁心的東西。
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I felt like that nasty and disgusting thing.
我覺得自己就像那個噁心的東西一樣。
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A second thing I feel very, very strongly about
第二件事,我感覺非常,非常強烈的是
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is the time a friend pulled a gun on me.
是一次朋友拿槍指著我。
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I should say former friend.
我應該說是以前的朋友。
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(Laughter)
(笑聲)
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I remember it was a group of us outside,
我記得當時是我們一群人在外面。
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and he had ran up
而他已經跑了起來
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and he had the stereotypical brown paper bag in his hand,
而他手裡拿著刻板的棕色紙袋。
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and I knew what it was,
我知道那是什麼
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and so I'm a very mouthy person, and I started going off.
所以我是一個很愛說話的人,我就開始走神。
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I was like, "What are you doing with a gun?
我當時就想:"你拿著槍幹什麼?
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You're not going to shoot anyone.
你不會向任何人開槍的
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You're a coward, you don't even know how to use it."
你是個膽小鬼,連怎麼用都不知道。"
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And I kept going on
而我一直在繼續
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and on
而在
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and on,
和上。
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and he got angrier
他就更生氣了
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and angrier
更加憤怒
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and angrier.
而且更加憤怒。
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And he pulled the gun out and put it in my face.
他把槍掏出來,放在我臉上。
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I remember every one of us got very, very quiet.
我記得我們每個人都變得非常非常安靜。
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I remember the tightness of his face.
我記得他臉上的緊繃感。
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I remember the barrel of the gun.
我記得槍管。
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And I felt like --
我覺得像 --
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and I'm pretty sure everyone around me who got quiet felt like --
我敢肯定,每個人都在我身邊 誰得到了安靜的感覺 -
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"This is the moment I die."
"這是我死的時刻。"
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And the third thing I feel very, very strongly about
第三件事,我感覺非常,非常強烈的
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is this going-away luncheon and this big boss.
就是這個餞行的午餐會和這個大老闆。
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I remember I was running late, and I'm always late.
我記得我跑得很晚,我總是遲到。
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It's just a thing that happens with me. I'm just always late.
這只是一件事,發生在我身上。我只是總是遲到。
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I was running late,
我遲到了。
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and the whole table was filled except for this seat next to him.
而整張桌子上除了他旁邊的這個座位外,都坐滿了人。
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I didn't know him that well, had seen him around the office.
我跟他不熟,在辦公室裡見過他。
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I didn't know why the seat was empty. I found out later on.
我不知道為什麼座位是空的。後來我才知道。
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And so I sat down at the table,
於是我就坐在了桌前。
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and before he even asked me my name,
在他問我名字之前
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the first thing he said was,
他說的第一句話是:
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"What's going on with all of this?"
"這都是怎麼回事?"
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And I'm like, do I have something on my face?
我想,我臉上有東西嗎?
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What's happening? I don't know.
發生了什麼事?我不知道啊
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And he asked me with two hands this time.
而他這次是用兩隻手問我。
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"What's going on with all of this?"
"這都是怎麼回事?"
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And I realized he's talking about my hijab.
我意識到他在說我的頭巾。
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And in my head, I said, "Oh, not today."
在我的腦海裡,我說,"哦,不是今天。"
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But he's a big boss, he's like my boss's boss's boss,
但他是個大老闆,他就像我老闆的老闆的老闆。
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and so I put up for 45 minutes,
於是我放了45分鐘。
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I put up with him asking me where I was from,
我忍著他問我是哪裡人。
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where my parents were from,
我的父母是來自哪裡。
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my grandparents.
我的祖父母。
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He asked me where I went to school at, where I did my internships at.
他問我在哪裡上學,在哪裡實習。
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He asked me who interviewed me for that job.
他問我那個工作是誰面試的。
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And for 45 minutes, I tried to be very, very, very, very, very polite,
在45分鐘裡,我試著表現得非常,非常,非常,非常有禮貌。
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tried to answer his questions.
試圖回答他的問題。
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But I remember I was kind of making eyeball help signals
但我記得我當時是在做眼球幫助的信號
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at the people around the table, like, "Someone say something. Intervene."
在桌子周圍的人,像, "有人說什麼。介入。"
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And it was a rectangular table, so there were people on both sides of us,
而且是一張長方形的桌子,所以我們兩邊都有人。
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and no one said anything,
沒有人說什麼。
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even people who might be in a position, bosses,
甚至是可能處於地位的人,老闆。
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no one said anything.
沒有人說什麼。
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And I remember I felt so alone.
我記得我覺得很孤獨。
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I remember I felt like I didn't deserve to be in his space,
我記得我覺得我不配待在他的空間裡。
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and I remember I wanted to quit.
我記得我想退出。
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So these are my three things.
所以這是我的三件事。
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And you'll have your list of three things.
你會有你的三件事的清單。
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And once you have these three things and you have the details
一旦你有了這三樣東西,你就有了詳細的內容
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and you have the order of events and you have how it made you feel,
你有事件的順序,你有它讓你感覺。
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you're ready to actually use creative writing to bear witness.
你已經準備好真正使用創意寫作來見證。
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And that takes us to step 3,
這就進入了第三步。
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which is to pick one and to tell your story.
也就是選一個,然後講你的故事。
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You don't have to write a memoir.
你不一定要寫回憶錄。
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You don't have to be a creative writer.
你不一定要成為一個創意作家。
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I know sometimes storytelling can be daunting for some people,
我知道有時候講故事對一些人來說是令人生畏的。
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but we are human.
但我們是人類。
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We are natural storytellers,
我們是天生的講故事的人。
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so if someone asks us how our day is going,
所以,如果有人問我們如何我們的一天是怎麼回事,
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we have a beginning, a middle and an end.
我們有一個開始,中間和結束。
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That is a narrative.
這是一種敘事方式。
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Our memory exists and subsists through the act of storytelling,
我們的記憶是通過講故事的行為而存在和延續的。
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and you just have to find a form that works for you.
而你只需要找到一種適合你的形式。
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You can write a letter to your younger self.
你可以給年輕的自己寫一封信。
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You can write a story to your younger self.
你可以寫一個故事給年輕的自己。
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You can write a story to your five-year-old child,
你可以給五歲的孩子寫一個故事。
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depending on the story.
取決於故事的內容。
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You can write a parody, a song, a song that's a parody.
你可以寫一首模仿,一首歌,一首模仿的歌。
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You can write a play. You can write a nursery rhyme.
你可以寫一齣戲。你可以寫一首童謠。
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I've read -- I mean, these a theories, though --
我讀過... 我的意思是,這些理論,雖然... ...
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that "Baa, baa black sheep, Have you any wool,"
"咩咩黑羊,你有羊毛嗎?"
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"Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full,"
"是的,先生,是的,先生,滿滿三袋"。
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is actually about impoverished farmers in England being taxed heavily.
其實是關於英國貧困農民被徵收重稅的問題。
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You can write it in the form of a Wikipedia article.
你可以用維基百科文章的形式來寫。
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And if it's one of those situations
如果它是那些情況之一
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where you saw something and you didn't intervene,
你看到的東西,你沒有干預。
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perhaps write it from that person's perspective.
也許從那個人的角度來寫。
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You know, so if I go back to that boy on the train
你知道,所以如果我回到火車上那個男孩的身邊
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who I saw being beaten, what was it like to be in his shoes?
我看到誰被打, 是什麼感覺是在他的鞋子?
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What was it like to see all these people who watched it happen and did nothing?
看著這些人眼睜睜地看著事情發生卻無動於衷是什麼感覺?
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What happens if I put myself in a position of someone who was homeless
如果我把自己放在一個無家可歸的人的位置上,會發生什麼?
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and just try to figure out how they got there in the first place?
而只是想弄清楚他們當初是如何到達那裡的?
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Perhaps it would help me change some of my actions.
也許這能幫助我改變一些行為。