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I grew up in a very small country town
我在一個偏遠的鄉鎮長大
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in Victoria.
位於維多利亞
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I had a very normal, low-key kind of upbringing.
從小的教養非常普通、低調
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I went to school, I hung out with my friends,
我上學,和朋友玩耍
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I fought with my younger sisters.
我和妹妹們爭吵
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It was all very normal.
生活看似非常普通
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And when I was 15, a member of my local community
我十五歲時,一位地方社區成員
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approached my parents
聯絡上我的父母
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and wanted to nominate me
他們想要提名我
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for a community achievement award.
角逐社區成就獎
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And my parents said, "Hm, that's really nice,
我的家人說:「嗯,那還真的不錯」
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but there's kind of one glaring problem with that.
「但是,有一件很顯而易見的問題」
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She hasn't actually achieved anything." (Laughter)
「她根本沒有成就任何事情」 (笑聲)
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And they were right, you know.
他們並沒有說錯
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I went to school, I got good marks,
我從學校畢業,拿到不錯的成績
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I had a very low-key after school job
我在母親的沙龍
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in my mum's hairdressing salon,
從事一份普通的工作
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and I spent a lot of time watching
我大部份的時間都在看
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"Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Dawson's Creek."
「 吸血鬼獵人巴菲」和「戀愛時代」
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Yeah, I know. What a contradiction.
沒錯,我了解,這聽起來非常矛盾
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But they were right, you know.
不過,他們並沒有說錯
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I wasn't doing anything that was out of the ordinary
我完全沒有做什麼
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at all.
與眾不同的事情
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I wasn't doing anything that could be considered an achievement
我沒有做過可以被認為是成就的事情
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if you took disability out of the equation.
如果沒有考慮到殘疾的因素的話
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Years later, I was on my second teaching round
過幾年後,我再次回到學校教書
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in a Melbourne high school,
在墨爾本中學
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and I was about 20 minutes into a year 11 legal studies class
法律課程大概上了20分鐘後
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when this boy put up his hand and said,
有位男學生舉手示意說:
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"Hey miss, when are you going to start doing your speech?"
「老師,請問你什麼時候要開始演講?」
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And I said, "What speech?"
我說:「什麼演講?」
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You know, I'd been talking them
我花了整整20分鐘
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about defamation law for a good 20 minutes.
在解釋誹謗罪
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And he said, "You know, like,
他說:「你知道的」
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your motivational speaking.
「我們想聽你激勵人心的演講」
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You know, when people in wheelchairs come to school,
「通常如果有殘疾人士出現在學校」
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they usually say, like, inspirational stuff?"
「都是來發表激勵我們的演講啊」
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(Laughter)
(笑聲)
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"It's usually in the big hall."
「而且通常都在大的 演講廳喔」
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And that's when it dawned on me:
而那才讓我發現一件事
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This kid had only ever experienced disabled people
這個孩子把殘疾人士自動聯想成
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as objects of inspiration.
一個激勵的對象
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We are not, to this kid --
我不是針對這名學生
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and it's not his fault, I mean,
也不是他的錯
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that's true for many of us.
大多數人都會這樣想
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For lots of us, disabled people are not our teachers
對很多人而言,殘疾人士不是老師
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or our doctors or our manicurists.
或是醫生、美甲師
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We're not real people. We are there to inspire.
我們不是一般人,我們只是來激勵別人
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And in fact, I am sitting on this stage
其實,我現在在講台上
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looking like I do in this wheelchair,
看我坐在輪椅上面
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and you are probably kind of expecting me
你們大概也會期望我
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to inspire you. Right? (Laughter)
來激勵你們對吧?(笑聲)
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Yeah.
沒錯
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Well, ladies and gentlemen, I'm afraid
各位先生女士,我恐怕
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I'm going to disappoint you dramatically.
要讓你們大失所望了
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I am not here to inspire you.
我不是來激勵你們的
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I am here to tell you that we have been lied to
我是來告訴大家我們對於殘疾人士
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about disability.
有錯誤認知
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Yeah, we've been sold the lie
我們不斷被灌輸一個概念
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that disability is a Bad Thing, capital B, capital T.
殘疾是一種壞事,是「壞事」
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It's a bad thing, and to live with a disability
是不好的,而伴隨一生的殘疾
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makes you exceptional.
會讓你與眾不同
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It's not a bad thing, and it doesn't
其實,這不是一件壞事
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make you exceptional.
而且也不會讓你與眾不同
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And in the past few years, we've been able
最近這幾年
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to propagate this lie even further
這種錯誤的認知透過媒體的傳播
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via social media.
散布到更多地方
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You may have seen images like this one:
你可能會聯想到一個畫面,像是這張
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"The only disability in life is a bad attitude."
「人生唯一的殘疾是態度不對」
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Or this one: "Your excuse is invalid." Indeed.
或是這張「你的藉口不足以成立」
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Or this one: "Before you quit, try!"
或是這張「別放棄!繼續嘗試!」
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These are just a couple of examples,
這些只是一些例子
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but there are a lot of these images out there.
外面還有更多這樣的畫面
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You know, you might have seen the one,
你可能也有看過
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the little girl with no hands
一位小女孩失去雙手
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drawing a picture with a pencil held in her mouth.
用嘴含著鉛筆做畫
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You might have seen a child running
或是你也曾經看過小孩子
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on carbon fiber prosthetic legs.
穿戴義肢跑完馬拉松
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And these images,
這些畫面
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there are lots of them out there,
已經非常普及
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they are what we call inspiration porn.
它們被我稱為「激勵色情片」
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(Laughter)
(笑聲)
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And I use the term porn deliberately,
我刻意使用色情一詞
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because they objectify one group of people
因為為了給另外一群人帶來好處
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for the benefit of another group of people.
他們物化了一群人
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So in this case, we're objectifying disabled people
以我們的例子來說 我們物化了殘疾人士
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for the benefit of nondisabled people.
好帶給其他人一些益處
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The purpose of these images
這些畫面的動機
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is to inspire you, to motivate you,
就是要為了激勵你們
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so that we can look at them
所以我們可以看著這些畫面
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and think, "Well, however bad my life is,
然後心想: 「嗯,不論我的生活有多糟」
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it could be worse.
「還有比我更慘的人」
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I could be that person."
「我本來可能是那一種人」
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But what if you are that person?
但如果你就是那一種人呢?
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I've lost count of the number of times that I've
我數不清多少次
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been approached by strangers
遇到陌生人
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wanting to tell me that they think I'm brave
來跟我說,我有多麼勇敢
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or inspirational,
或是多具啟發性
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and this was long before my work
這還是在我的工作
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had any kind of public profile.
還沒什麼名氣之前的狀況
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They were just kind of congratulating me
他們不斷恭喜我
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for managing to get up in the morning
就只是因為我早上起床
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and remember my own name. (Laughter)
記得自己的名字(笑聲)
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And it is objectifying.
這是一種物化
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These images, those images
這些畫面
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objectify disabled people
確實物化了殘疾人士
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for the benefit of nondisabled people.
只為了使其他非殘疾人受益
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They are there so that you can look at them
這些照片只是為了讓你看了之後
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and think that things aren't so bad for you,
想說自己的生活其實也沒那麼糟
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to put your worries into perspective.
覺得比上不足比下有餘
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And life as a disabled person
生活對於殘疾人士而言
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is actually somewhat difficult.
的確是相當不容易的
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We do overcome some things.
我們確實克服了許多困難
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But the things that we're overcoming
但是,我們克服的困難
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are not the things that you think they are.
和你想像的不一樣
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They are not things to do with our bodies.
那跟我們生理上的限制無關
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I use the term "disabled people" quite deliberately,
我一直不斷使用「殘疾」這個字眼
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because I subscribe to what's called the social model of disability,
因為我同意所謂的「殘疾社會模式」
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which tells us that we are more disabled
意思是比起生理和病理上的限制
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by the society that we live in
我們的社會所造成的殘疾
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than by our bodies and our diagnoses.
更加嚴重
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So I have lived in this body a long time.
我生活在這個軀體有一段時間了
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I'm quite fond of it.
其實我還蠻喜歡的
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It does the things that I need it to do,
因為身體可以做我需要它做的事情
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and I've learned to use it to the best of its capacity
我也學會如何把身體的功能發揮到極致
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just as you have,
就跟你們一樣
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and that's the thing about those kids in those pictures as well.
剛剛照片中的孩子們也一樣
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They're not doing anything out of the ordinary.
他們並沒有做任何與眾不同的事
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They are just using their bodies
他們只不過是把身體的功能
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to the best of their capacity.
發揮到極致而已
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So is it really fair to objectify them
所以物化他們
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in the way that we do,
再散播出去
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to share those images?
是公平的嗎?
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People, when they say, "You're an inspiration,"
當人們說:「你真是激勵了我。」
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they mean it as a compliment.
他們是稱讚你
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And I know why it happens.
而我知道這背後的原因
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It's because of the lie, it's because we've been sold
那是因為我們一直被灌輸 這樣的錯誤認知
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this lie that disability makes you exceptional.
殘疾使你與眾不同
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And it honestly doesn't.
但其實不然
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And I know what you're thinking.
我知道你們是怎麼想的
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You know, I'm up here bugging out inspiration,
我一直強調激勵是錯的概念
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and you're thinking, "Jeez, Stella,
你也許會想:「天阿,史黛拉」
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aren't you inspired sometimes by some things?"
「難道你沒有被激勵過嗎?」
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And the thing is, I am.
事實上是有的
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I learn from other disabled people all the time.
我每次都從其他殘疾人士 身上學到很多事
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I'm learning not that I am luckier than them, though.
但我學到的 並不是因為我比他們更幸運
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I am learning that it's a genius idea
我學到的不過就是
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to use a pair of barbecue tongs
能用一支烤肉夾撿東西
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to pick up things that you dropped. (Laughter)
是不錯的想法而已(笑聲)
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I'm learning that nifty trick where you can charge
我學到了你能巧妙地
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your mobile phone battery from your chair battery.
利用輪椅電池來幫手機充電而已
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Genius.
真是個好主意
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We are learning from each others' strength and endurance,
我們學習彼此擁有的力量和耐力
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not against our bodies and our diagnoses,
不是用來對抗自己生理或病理上的限制
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but against a world that exceptionalizes
而是用來對抗投予我們異樣的眼光
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and objectifies us.
對抗物化我們的社會
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I really think that this lie that we've been sold
我真的覺得我們對於殘疾人士的迷思
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about disability is the greatest injustice.
是非常不公平的
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It makes life hard for us.
那使我們的生活變得很困難
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And that quote, "The only disability in life
剛才那一句格言 「人生唯一的殘疾」
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is a bad attitude,"
「是態度不對」
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the reason that that's bullshit
它之所以是胡扯
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is because it's just not true,
是因為那並不是事實
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because of the social model of disability.
而是殘疾社會模式所致
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No amount of smiling at a flight of stairs
不會因為你對著一排樓梯微笑
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has ever made it turn into a ramp.
它就會自動變成斜坡
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Never. (Laughter) (Applause)
不可能(笑聲和掌聲)
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Smiling at a television screen
光對電視微笑
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isn't going to make closed captions appear
螢幕也不會因此
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for people who are deaf.
出現造福聽障人士的字幕
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No amount of standing in the middle of a bookshop
站在書店中
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and radiating a positive attitude
散發出正面能量
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is going to turn all those books into braille.
也不會使書本變成點字書
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It's just not going to happen.
根本不可能發生
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I really want to live in a world
我真的希望未來的世界
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where disability is not the exception, but the norm.
能夠把殘疾視為尋常的事,而不是例外
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I want to live in a world where a 15-year-old girl
我希望未來的世界 一個十五歲的少女
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sitting in her bedroom
能夠坐在房間裡
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watching "Buffy the Vampire Slayer"
看吸血鬼獵人巴菲
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isn't referred to as achieving anything
而不會只因為她坐著收看
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because she's doing it sitting down.
就被視為一種成就
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I want to live in a world
我希望未來的世界
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where we don't have such low expectations
我們對於殘疾人士的期望
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of disabled people
不會那麼低
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that we are congratulated for getting out of bed
不會只因為早上能自己下床
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and remembering our own names in the morning.
能記得自己的名字,就有人說恭喜
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I want to live in a world where we value genuine achievement
我希望未來的世界 可以重視殘疾人士
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for disabled people,
真正的成就
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and I want to live in a world
我希望未來的世界
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where a kid in year 11 in a Melbourne high school
一位十一歲的學生在墨爾本中學
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is not one bit surprised
看到自己的老師坐在輪椅上
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that his new teacher is a wheelchair user.
完全不會感到驚訝
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Disability doesn't make you exceptional,
殘疾並不會使你與眾不同
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but questioning what you think you know about it does.
你對於與眾不同的反思 才能真正讓你與眾不同
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Thank you.
謝謝
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(Applause)
(掌聲)