In the summer of 2014,

在 2014 年的夏天，

I found myself sitting across from a man

我坐在一位男性的對面，

who, by every definition, was my enemy.

這個人，從各種意義上來說， 都算是我的敵人。

His name was Craig Watts,

他叫做克雷格‧沃茨，

and he's a chicken factory farmer.

是一位養雞的農夫。

My career is devoted to protecting farmed animals

我的生涯是致力於保護養殖場的動物，

and ending factory farming.

並終結工廠化養殖業。

And up until this point in my life,

到我的人生中的這一刻為止，

I had spent every waking moment

我花費每個清醒的時刻，

standing up against everything this man stood for,

起身反對這個男人代表的一切，

and now, I was in his living room.

而當下，我就坐在他的客廳裡。

The day I met Craig Watts

我遇見克雷格‧沃茨那天，

he had been raising chickens for 22 years

他已經為一家叫做「寶鵰」的公司 養雞養了二十二年，

for a company called Perdue,

這間公司是全國 第四大生產雞肉的公司。

the fourth largest chicken company in the entire country.

當他還年輕的時候，

And as a young man,

他就渴望著以這種謀生方式留在

he had yearned for this way to stay on the land

該州中最貧困的縣中的農場。

in one of the poorest counties in the state.

所以當雞肉公司進駐到鎮上時，

So when the chicken industry came to town,

他心想：「這簡直是美夢成真！」

he thought, "This is a dream come true."

他借了二十五萬美元的貸款，

He took a quarter of a million dollar loan out,

並建造了這些雞舍。

and he built these chicken houses.

寶鵰會給他一群雞，他就飼養牠們，

Perdue would give him a flock, he'd raise them,

而每個雞群都帶給他報酬，

and each flock he'd get paid,

然後他就以小額還款的方式還清貸款，

and then he'd pay off in small increments that loan,

就像是抵押貸款一樣。

like a mortgage.

但沒多久，雞生病了。

But pretty soon, the chickens got sick.

那畢竟是個養殖場，

It's a factory farm, after all,

裡面有兩萬五千隻雞

there are 25,000 chickens

擠滿整片養殖場的地板上，

that are stuffed wall-to-wall,

吃牠們自己糞便維生， 呼吸充滿氨味的空氣。

living on their own feces, breathing ammonia-laden air.

有些病雞會活不下來。

And when chickens get sick, some of them die.

而死掉的雞不能賣來賺錢，

And you don't get paid for dead chickens,

克雷格開始付不清他的貸款，

and Craig started to struggle to pay off his loan,

他知道他犯了錯，

he realized he made a mistake,

但這個情況下， 他只不過是個契約傭工。

but he was all but an indentured servant at this stage.

當我見到他時， 他已經在崩潰的臨界點。

When I met him, he was at a breaking point.

要付的款項彷彿沒有盡頭，

The payments seemed never-ending.

如同他雞群的

As did the death,

死亡、絕望與病痛。

despair and illness of his chickens.

如果我們人類試著想像出極其不公、

Now, if we humans tried to think of some super unjust,

不義、骯髒且殘酷的糧食體系，

unfair, filthy and cruel food system,

沒有甚麼比工廠化養殖業還要來得糟糕。

we could not have thought of anything worse than factory farming.

全球每年有八百億養殖場的動物

Eighty billion farmed animals around the world annually

被飼養及屠殺。

are raised and slaughtered.

牠們被塞在籠子與倉庫裡， 永遠不見天日。

They're stuffed in cages and warehouses never to see the light of day.

但對這些養殖場動物，這不只個問題。

And that's not just a problem for those farmed animals.

畜牧業

Animal agriculture,

所占的溫室氣體排放量

it accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions

比所有的飛機、火車和汽車 合在一起的排放量還要多。

than all of the planes, trains and automobiles put together.

三分之一的可耕地被用來

And one third of our arable land is used

種植用來餵養殖場動物的糧食，

to grow feed to feed factory-farmed animals,

而非種來給我們吃。

rather than ourselves.

那些土地上都被噴灑 無以計數的化學藥物。

And all that land is sprayed with immeasurable chemicals.

還有，重要的生態棲息地，

And ecologically important habitats,

如亞馬遜叢林，

like the Amazon,

被砍伐並燒毀，

are cut down and are burnt,

我們做的這一切都是為了 餵飽這些養殖場的動物。

all so we can feed and house farmed animals.

當我的三個小孩長大的時候，

By the time my three kids grow up,

他們很有可能已經看不到

there's very unlikely to be polar bears,

北極熊、蘇門答臘象和紅毛猩猩。

Sumatran elephants, orangutans.

在我還活著的時候，

In my lifetime,

鳥類、兩棲類、爬蟲類 和哺乳類動物的數量已減少一半。

the number of birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals has halved.

而主要的罪魁禍首，

And the main culprit

即是全球對肉類、奶製品 與雞蛋的需求。

is our global appetite for meat, dairy and eggs.

對我而言，直到這一刻，

And for me, up until this point,

克雷格‧沃茨是個壞人。

the villain was Craig Watts.

當我坐在他家的客廳裡時，

And as I sat there in his living room,

我的恐懼和憤怒轉變成其他的情緒。

my fear and my anger turned into something else.

羞愧。

Shame.

我花了整個人生責怪他、

My whole life I had spent blaming him,

痛恨他、

hating him,

甚至詛咒他生病。

I even wished him ill.

我從來都沒有

I had never once

想到他的掙扎與選項。

thought about his struggle, his choices.

他會不會是一個潛在的盟友呢？

Could he be a potential ally?

我從來沒有想到

I never had thought

他就和雞群一樣感到受困其中。

he feels as trapped as the chickens.

我們已經在那裡坐了幾個小時，

So we had been sitting there for hours

從中午坐到下午、

and the midday turned into afternoon,

坐到黃昏、坐到黑夜。

turned into dusk, turned into darkness,

然後他突然說：

and he suddenly said,

「好吧。那你準備好 去看那些雞了嗎？」

"OK, are you ready to see the chickens?"

所以在夜幕之下，

So under the cover of darkness,

我們走向這些長長的灰色屋舍之一。

we walked towards one of these long, gray houses.

他推開了門，

And he swung open the door

我們踏入屋內，

and we stepped inside,

一股強烈的氣味朝我們撲來，

and we were hit with this overpowering smell

我身上的每一吋肌肉都緊繃起來，

and every muscle in my body tensed up

我開始咳嗽又泛淚。

and I coughed and my eyes teared.

生理上的不適讓我太難受了，

I was too overwhelmed by my own physical discomfort,

我甚至忘了先觀察四周，

I didn't even look around at first,

但是當我觀察到時，

but when I did,

眼前見到的景象使我落淚。

what I saw brought me to tears.

成千上萬隻破殼而出的小雞，

Tens of thousands of newly hatched chicks

在這個逐漸黯淡的倉庫裡，

in this darkened warehouse

無處可去且無所適從。

with nowhere to go and nothing to do.

接下來的幾個月，

Over the next few months, I returned many times,

我和導演雷根‧霍奇回去那裡很多次，

with filmmaker Raegan Hodge,

為了記錄、瞭解，

to record, to understand,

並和克雷格建立信任。

to build trust with Craig.

我陪他走過他的雞舍，

And I walked his houses with him

他一邊拾起已經死掉的、垂死的、

as he picked up dead and dying birds,

腳長得畸形的、呼吸困難的，

birds with messed-up legs and trouble breathing

和無法好好行走的鳥兒。

and difficulty walking.

我們用鏡頭將這些全捕捉下來。

And all of this we caught on film.

然後，我們決定做一件

And then we decided to do something

我認為我們在初次見面時 都沒想到會做的事。

I don't think either he or I ever expected to do when we first met.

我們決定要公開這些影像。

We decided to release that footage.

這會為我們兩人都帶來非常高的風險。

And that was really risky for both of us.

對他來說風險很高， 因為他可能會失去收入來源、

It was risky for him because he could lose his income,

失去他的家和土地， 並且讓他的鄰居討厭他。

his home, his land, his neighbors hating him.

而我可能會使我的組織遭到控告、

And I could risk getting my organization sued,

或成為他失去一切的禍因。

or being the reason that he would lose everything,

但儘管如此，我們必須這麼做。

but we had to do it anyway.

《紐約時報》發布報導，

"The New York Times" broke the story

在二十四小時內，

and within 24 hours,

已經有一百萬的人看了我們的影片。

a million people had seen our video.

從各種意義來看，它爆紅了，

It went viral by every definition,

接著我們突然有了全球性的平台

and suddenly we had this global platform

來討論工廠化養殖業。

for talking about factory farming.

而和克雷格的合作使我思考一些問題：

And working with Craig got me thinking.

外頭還有哪些意想不到的的盟友？

What other unlikely allies are out there?

若我跨入敵人的地盤，

What other progress,

我還可以有哪些進展、學到哪些教訓？

what other lessons can I learn if I cross those enemy lines?

我學到的第一條教訓是

The first lesson I learned

我們必須適應跨出舒適圈。

is that we have to become comfortable with being uncomfortable.

若只有和我們持相同意見的人說話，

Only talking to people who agree with us,

是不會幫我們找到解決方案的。

it's not going to get us to the solution.

我們必須願意進到其他人的地盤。

We have to be willing to enter other people's space.

因為很多時候，

Because quite often,

敵人才有能力改變

the enemy has the power to change the problem

我們試著解決的問題。

that we're trying to solve.

以我來說，沒有任何一隻雞 是歸我管的，

In my case, I'm not in charge of a single chicken.

農夫和肉品公司才是負責的人。

The farmer is and so are the meat companies.

所以我如果我想要解決問題， 就必須進入他們的地盤。

So I need to enter their space if I want to solve the problem.

在與克雷格合作之後，過了幾年，

And a couple of years after working with Craig,

我再一次做了當初從未預期到的事，

I did something again I never expected to do.

我和一位更大的、所謂的 敵人坐下進行談話，

I sat down with an even bigger so-called enemy:

他正是寶鵰的總裁吉姆‧佩德。

Jim Perdue himself.

在我的爆紅影片裡，我將他當成壞人。

The man I had made the villain of my viral video.

再次，透過幾場艱難的對話

And again, through difficult conversations

並跨出自己的舒適圈，

and being uncomfortable,

佩德發起了家禽業公司有史以來

Perdue came out with the first animal care policy

第一套的動物照護政策。

of any poultry company.

他們同意在這個政策中

In it, they agreed to do

做到一些我們在影片中批評 他們沒做到的事情，

some of the things we had criticized them for not doing in the viral video,

像是為房舍裝設窗戶，

like put windows into houses.

並為此幫忙付錢。

And pay for them.

對我來說，這真是一堂寶貴的教訓。

And that was a really important lesson for me.

第二條教訓是：

The second lesson

當我們坐下來和敵人

is that when we sit down to negotiate

協商時，

with the enemy,

我們必須記得， 我們面對的同樣是位人類，

we need to remember, there's a human being in front of us

而且很可能和我們有很多共通點，

that very likely has more in common with us

但我們不願意承認。

than we care to admit.

當我被邀請去參訪

And I learned this firsthand

一家大型家禽業公司的總部時， 我親身體悟到這條教訓。

when I was invited to visit at a major poultry company's headquarters.

這是我的組織第一次被邀請，

And it was the first time that my organization had been invited,

也是在他們邀請的組織當中， 第一個赴約來參訪的。

and any organization had been invited, to visit with them.

而當我們經過長廊時，

And as we walked through the corridor,

真的有人從辦公室隔間探頭出來偷看，

there were literally people who were peeking our from the cubicles

看一下動物權利的運動家 到底長甚麼樣子。

to get a quick look at what does an animal rights activist look like,

而我們走過──

and we walked --

我就長這個樣子，所以我不知道 他們預期的是甚麼。

I look like this, so I don't know what they were expecting.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

但當我走進會議室，

But as we walked into the boardroom,

有一位負責的行政主管，坐在那裡。

there was an executive who was in charge, sitting there.

他將手臂交叉在胸前，

And his arms were crossed

看來他不想在那裡見到我。

and he did not want me to be there.

我打開我的筆電，

And I flipped open my laptop,

我的桌面背景出現，

and my background photo came up,

那是一張我的三個小孩的照片。

and it was a picture of my three kids.

我女兒很明顯長得跟我兒子不一樣。

My daughter clearly looks different than my sons.

而當他看到那張照片時，他放下了手臂

And when he saw that photo he uncrossed his arms

且歪著頭，往前靠近，並說：

and he tilted his head and he leaned forward and he said,

「那些是妳的小孩嗎？」

"Are those your kids?"

我說：「是的。

And I said, "Yeah.

我才剛領養了我的女兒──」

I just got back from adopting my daughter -- "

對於一場專業會議而言， 我講了太多廢話了。

And I babbled on way too much for a professional meeting.

他打斷了我，又說：

And he stopped me and he said,

「我有兩個領養的小孩。」

"I have two adopted kids."

接下來的二十分鐘，

And for the next 20 minutes,

我們就只聊那件事。

we just talked about that.

我們談論關於領養和做家長的事情。

We talked about adoption and being a parent

在那個時刻，

and in those moments,

我們忘記了在那張桌上我們所應該

we forgot who we were supposed to be

扮演的角色。

at that table.

高牆傾倒了，

And the walls came down,

我們搭建起一道橋樑， 跨越彼此的界線。

and a bridge was built and we crossed this divide.

我們在這家公司上得到更多的進展，

And more progress was made with that company

多虧我們所建立的人性連結。

because of that human connection that we made.

我要分享的最後一條教訓是：

My last lesson for you

當我們坐下來和所謂的敵人談話時，

is that when we sit down with the so-called enemy,

我們必須找出雙贏的可能。

we need to look for the win-win.

在拜訪了像克雷格‧沃茨 這樣的農夫之後，

Instead of going in with farmers like Craig Watts

我想的並不是： 「我得叫他們別做這行了。」

and thinking, "I need to put them out of farming,"

我開始想我可以如何幫助 他們成為不同類型的農夫，

I started to think how can I help them be different kinds of farmers,

像是，去種大麻或香菇。

like, growing hemp or mushrooms.

一位後來和我合作的農夫 就真的去種了。

And a farmer I later worked with did exactly that.

他也和我一同參與 曝光報導也拍了影片，

He did do the exposé with me and filmed,

我們又再一次找上《紐約時報》，

and we went with "The New York Times" again,

但他所做的還不只這樣。

but he went beyond that.

他放棄了養雞，

He quit chicken factory farming,

結果他發現，

and it turns out

那幾間又大、又長的灰色農舍，

that those big, long, gray warehouses

是可以用來種別種作物的

are the perfect environment

完美生長環境。

for growing something else.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

（掌聲）

(Applause)

那正是大麻，各位，是大麻！

That's hemp, people, that's hemp.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

他可以用環保的謀生方式留在農場，

Here is an environmentally friendly way to stay on the land,

並付清帳單，

to pay the bills,

而這是一位吃全素的動物權利運動家

that a vegan animal rights activist

與一位養雞的農夫都能認同的做法。

and a chicken farmer can get behind.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

與其想著

And instead of thinking,

我如何讓這些肉品公司關門大吉，

how can I get these big meat companies out of business,

我開始思考，如何幫他們 發展不同的產業。

I started thinking, how can I help them evolve into a different kind of business.

他們可以不靠屠殺動物來取得蛋白質，

One where the protein doesn't come from slaughtered animals,

而是從植物身上取得。

but rather, plants.

信不信由你，

And believe it or not,

這些大公司正要開始朝這方向發展。

these big companies are starting to move their ships in that direction.

嘉吉、泰森和寶鵰正在把植物蛋白

Cargill and Tyson and Perdue are adding plant-based proteins

列入他們的供應鏈。

into their supply chain.

佩德本人則說：

And Perdue himself said that,

「我們的公司是提供優質蛋白質的公司，

"Our company is a premium protein company,

而蛋白質不必來自於動物。」

and nothing about that says that it has to come from animals."

在我的家鄉亞特蘭大，

And in my own home town of Atlanta,

肯德基攜手「超越肉類」， 進行了素食炸雞的

KFC did a one-day trial with Beyond Meat,

一日試賣活動。

for plant-based chicken nuggets.

反應超乎想像，

And it was insane,

排隊隊伍繞了街角好幾圈，

there were lines wrapped around the corner,

四面八方都塞車，

there was traffic stopped in all directions,

你會以為他們是在免費放送 碧昂絲的演唱會門票。

you would think they were giving out free Beyoncé tickets.

大家已經準備好接受改變。

People are ready for this shift.

我們必須搭建一個可以讓所有人

We need to build a big tent

都能進來避雨的帳篷。

that everyone can get under.

從養雞場的農夫，

From the chicken factory farmer,

到大型肉品公司，

to the mega meat company,

到動物權利運動家。

to the animal rights activist