字幕列表 影片播放
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In J.R.R.'s world,
在托爾金的奇幻世界
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Gandalf is one of five wizards sent by the Valar
甘道夫屬於諸神派遣的五名巫師
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to guide the inhabitants of Middle Earth
前往指引中土大陸之民
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in their struggles against the dark force of Sauron.
對抗索倫與其黑暗之力
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Gandalf's body was mortal,
甘道夫的肉身與凡人無異
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subject to the physical rules of Middle Earth,
受到中土物理法則的支配
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but his spirit was immortal,
然而靈魂不滅
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as seen when he died as Gandalf the Grey
因此灰袍甘道夫戰死後
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and resurrected as Gandalf the White.
仍能重生為白袍甘道夫
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According to the Wachowski's script,
根據華卓斯基的劇本
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an awakened human only has to link up
覺醒的人類只要連結至母體
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and hack the neon binary code of the Matrix
駭進母體的系統 竄改二元代碼
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to learn how to fly a helicopter
就可以在數秒內學會駕駛直升機
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in a matter of seconds.
如果你是救世主
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Or if you are the One,
或是救世主之一
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or one of the Ones,
你連駕直升機都不用
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you don't even need a helicopter,
戴副墨鏡耍酷就可以上天下地
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you just need a cool pair of shades.
柴郡貓可以用頭玩拋接球
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Cheshire cats can juggle their own heads.
iPad 早就落伍了
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iPads are rudimentary.
一場魁地奇比賽
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No Quidditch match ends
沒抓到金探子就不能結束
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until the Golden Snitch is caught.
至於生命、宇宙與一切的終極答案 (*出自《銀河系漫遊指南》)
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And the answer to the ultimate question of life,
正是42 (*出自《銀河系漫遊指南》)
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the universe,
如同真實生活
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and everything
虛構的世界要持續運作
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is most certainly 42.
必須依靠一系列物理和社會法則
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Just like real life,
這些錯綜複雜的世界 正是因此才
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fictional worlds operate consistently
足夠可信
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within a spectrum of physical and societal rules.
易於理解
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That's what makes these intricate worlds
而且值得更深入探索
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believable,
現實中,萬有引力定律
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comprehensible,
讓哈利波特全七集
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and worth exploring.
穩穩立於全世界無數書架上
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In real life, the Law of Gravity
我們都知道這是真的
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holds seven book sets of "Harry Potter"
但我們也知道
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to millions of bookshelves around the world.
打從 J.K. 羅琳寫下這些文字
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We know this to be true,
寫下巫師
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but we also know
魔杖
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that ever since J.K. typed the words
以及「溫加顛拉維阿薩」(飄浮咒語)
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wizard,
萬有引力定律便不再存在於
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wand,
安坐於書架上的 這數兆書頁之內了
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and "Wingardium Leviosa,"
科幻、奇幻小說家
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that Law of Gravity has ceased to exist
是貨真價實地建造世界
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on the trillions of pages
他們創造規則
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resting between those bookends.
地圖
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Authors of science fiction and fantasy
系譜
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literally build worlds.
語言
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They make rules,
文化
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maps,
宇宙
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lineages,
宇宙之外又有不同的宇宙
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languages,
從這些世界中衍生出
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cultures,
一個一個又一個故事
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universes,
成功的話
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alternate universes within universes,
讀者就能理解
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and from those worlds sprout
這些虛構世界與其中的規則
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story, after story, after story.
理解的程度甚至不輸給
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When it's done well,
真正生活其中的角色
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readers can understand
有時候
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fictional worlds and their rules
甚至可以媲美或超過
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just as well as the characters
讀者對真實世界的理解
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that live in them do
但到底要怎麼做?
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and sometimes,
當這些由人隨手寫在紙上的文字
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just as well or even better
反射光線進入我們的眼睛
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than the reader understands
傳輸訊號至腦部
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the world outside of the book.
我們憑邏輯與情感 將這些訊號解讀成
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But how?
複雜的故事
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How can human-made squiggles on a page
驅使我們爭鬥
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reflect lights into our eyes
流淚
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that send signals to our brains
歌唱
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that we logically and emotionally decode
與思考
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as complex narratives
為什麼這些文字強大到
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that move us to fight,
不僅足以支撐這個
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cry,
完全由作者一手創造的世界
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sing,
甚至能改變讀者 對真實世界的觀感
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and think,
使讀者沉浸其中,無法自拔
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that are strong enough
直到讀完最後一頁的文字?
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not only to hold up a world
我不知道有沒有人曉得
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that is completely invented by the author,
這個問題的答案
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but also to change the reader's perspective
但每天都有人創造出 虛構的奇妙世界
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on the real world that resumes
在我們腦海中
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only when the final squiggle is reached?
或打進電腦裡
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I'm not sure anyone knows
或是寫在街上那家飯館的餐巾上
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the answer to that question,
事實是,只要你有想像力
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yet fantastical, fictional worlds are created everyday
而且也願意──打個比方──
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in our minds,
生活在你自己的世界裡
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on computers,
你就可以開始寫小說了
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even on napkins at the restaurant down the street.
我沒有夢到霍格華茲
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The truth is your imagination
或是星際大戰裡的酒館
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and a willingness to, figuratively,
不過我寫了幾部科幻驚悚小說
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live in your own world
給小孩或給青少年看
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are all you need to get started writing a novel.
以下是幾個我用過的問題和方法
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I didn't dream up Hogwarts
幫助自己建立這幾個故事 所發生的世界
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or the Star Wars' Cantina,
我會從基本的時間地點開始
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but I have written some science thrillers
先決定這是一個奇幻世界
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for kids and young adults.
或是奠基於現實的未來故事
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Here are some questions and methods I've used
知道故事發生在哪裡 是很重要的
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to help build the worlds
時間又是在過去的歷史
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in which those books take place.
現代
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I start with a basic place and time.
還是未來
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Whether that's a fantasy world
我喜歡畫一條時間軸
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or a futuristic setting in the real world,
來紀錄這個世界形成的過程
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it's important to know where you are
哪些歷史事件 使這世界變成如今的樣貌?
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and whether you're working in the past,
然後我會腦力激盪出 各種問題的答案
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present,
來勾勒虛構世界的細節
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or future.
這裡存在什麼規則?
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I like to create a timeline
這可以從萬有引力的存在
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showing how the world came to be.
(或不存在)
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What past events have shaped the way it is now?
到社會規範
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Then I brainstorm answers to questions
然後我會腦力激盪出各種問題的答案
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that draw out the details of my fictional world.
這裡有怎樣的政府?
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What rules are in place here?
是誰掌權
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This covers everything from laws of gravity
而誰沒有?
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(or not)
這裡的人信仰什麼?
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to the rules of society
這個社會最推崇的是什麼?
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and the punishments for individuals who break them.
接著可以開始構思日常生活了
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What kind of government does this world have?
這個世界的天氣如何?
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Who has power,
居民都住在什麼地方?
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and who doesn't?
去哪工作?
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What do people believe in here?
到哪上學?
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And what does this society value most?
吃些什麼?
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Then it's time to think about day-to-day life.
玩些什麼?
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What's the weather like in this world?
他們待年輕人態度如何?
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Where do the inhabitants live
待老人如何?
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and work
他們和這世界的 動植物是什麼關係?
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and go to school?
動植物長什麼樣子?
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What do they eat
科技如何?
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and how do they play?
交通如何?
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How do they treat their young
彼此如何溝通?
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and their old?
有甚麼管道可以獲得資訊?
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What relationships do they have
太多問題可以想了!
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with the animals and plants of the world?
只要花點時間在這些事情上
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And what do those animals and plants look like?
找出這些問題的解答
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What kind of technology exists?
你就已經著手 創造屬於自己的世界了
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Transportation?
一旦你對這個世界夠熟悉
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Communication?
而你也希望讀者 和你了解它的程度一樣多
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Access to information?
就把人物放進這個世界
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There's so much to think about!
看看會發生什麼
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So, spend some time living in those tasks
別忘了問自己
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and the answers to those questions,
「你創造的這個世界
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and you're well on your way
會如何影響生活中的角色?
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to building your own fictional world.
可能會產生哪種衝突?」
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Once you know your world
回答完這些問題
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as well as you hope your reader will,
你就有屬於自己的故事了
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set your characters free in it
未來的世界建築師,祝好運!
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and see what happens.
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And ask yourself,
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"How does this world you created
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shape the individuals who live in it?
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And what kind of conflict is likely to emerge?"
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Answer those questions,
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and you have your story.
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Good luck future world-builder!