字幕列表 影片播放
-
Hi, I’m Gina.
你好!我是吉娜
-
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
歡迎來到牛津線上英語!
-
In this lesson, you can learn how to make different types of complex sentence in English.
在本課程中,您可以學習如何製作 不同類型的英語複雜句子。
-
Making complex sentences will help your English writing.
製作複雜的句子將幫助您的英語 寫作。
-
By using a variety of complex sentence forms, your writing will become more versatile and
通過使用各種複雜的句子形式, 您的寫作將變得更加通用和優雅
-
elegant.
如果準備參加雅思考試,托福考試或FCE等英語寫作考試的話,在您的寫作中使用一系列複雜的句子也是十分重要的
-
Using a range of complex sentences in your writing is also important if you’re preparing
在開始之前,有兩件事。
-
for an English writing exam like IELTS, TOEFL, or FCE.
一:您訪問過我們的網站嗎?
-
Before we start, two things.
如果沒有,為什麼不呢?
-
One: have you visited our website yet?
我們有免費的視頻課程,聽力課程, 測驗,還有很多專業老師
-
If not, why not?
提供在線課程。
-
We have free video lessons, listening lessons, quizzes, and also many professional teachers
去看一下:Oxford Online English.com。
-
who offer online lessons.
二:我們想告訴您這一課, 它是給誰的,裡面是什麼,不是什麼。
-
Check it out: Oxford Online English dot com.
本課將重點放在語法結構上 形成複雜句子,而不使用連詞。
-
Two: we want to tell you about this lesson, who it’s for, what’s in it and what isn’t.
如果您想學習使用連詞 組成複雜的句子,您可以觀看我們的
-
This lesson will focus on grammar structures for forming complex sentences without using
有關為雅思考試寫作鏈接單詞的視頻。
-
conjunctions.
視頻說明中有一個鏈接。
-
If you want to learn about using conjunctions to form complex sentences, you can watch our
另外,使用這些結構要求 您至少具有中等程度的英語語法
-
video about linking words for IELTS writing.
本課假設您知道如何形成 不同的動詞形式並使用相關從句
-
There’s a link in the video description.
除其他事項外。
-
Also, using these structures requires that you have at least an intermediate knowledge
本課是技術性的,包含很多信息。
-
of English grammar.
您可能需要分節觀看它,並且 重複部分多次。
-
This lesson assumes that you know how to form different verb forms and use relative clauses,
最後,警告!
-
among other things.
使用複雜的句子可以提高您的寫作能力, 但是*僅*基於您有復雜,連貫的想法
-
This lesson is technical and contains a lot of information.
如果您的想法是基本的或不一致的,請使用 您認為是“高級”語法
-
You might need to watch it in sections, and repeat sections several times.
結構將無濟於事。
-
Finally, a warning!
好的,讓我們開始吧。
-
Using complex sentences can enhance your writing, but *only* if you have complex, coherent ideas
這是本課的運作方式。
-
behind them.
首先,看看四個句子: 暫停視頻,閱讀句子,然後看
-
If your ideas are basic, or incoherent, using what you think are ‘advanced’ grammar
你不知道的任何單詞。
-
structures won’t help.
如果您想了解更多有關鬱金香狂熱的信息, 有一個指向維基文章的鏈接在視頻說明
-
Okay, let’s start.
準備?
-
Here’s how this lesson will work.
這些句子在語法上都很簡單, 表示它們每個都有一個主要動詞。
-
First, look at four sentences: Pause the video, read the sentences, and look
現在,您將看到四種不同的語法 工具,可以用來組合併添加到句子
-
up any words you don’t know.
使它們變得更豐富,更複雜。
-
If you want to read more about tulip mania, there’s a link to a Wikipedia article in
您知道-ing分詞從句是什麼, 以及如何使用它們?
-
the video description.
如果沒有,請不要擔心。在我們的第一句話看一個例子
-
Ready?
在這裡,您使用分詞子句進行連接 兩個想法。
-
These sentences are all grammatically simple, meaning that they each have one main verb.
您可以使用-ing分詞子句進行連接 同時發生的兩個想法,或者
-
Now, you’ll see four different grammatical tools you can use to combine and add to these
顯示因果關係。
-
sentences to make them richer and more complex.
在這種情況下,您可以使用“因為”來表達相同的想法,如下所示:
-
Do you know what -ing participle clauses are, and how you can use them?
-ing分詞子句沒有主題
-
If not, don’t worry; look at an example based on our first sentence:
在這樣的句子中有兩個子句, -ing子句*僅*可以在第二句中表示主題
-
Here, you use a participle clause to connect two ideas.
你不能有兩個主題。
-
You can use an -ing participle clause to connect two ideas which happen at the same time, or
寫作時,請確保您的句子 一個清晰的主題。
-
to show cause and effect.
不要寫這樣的東西。
-
In this case, you could express the same idea using ‘because’, like this:
在這裡,不清楚“它”指的是什麼 至。
-
The -ing participle clause does not have a subject.
來練習吧!
-
In a sentence like this with two clauses, the -ing clause can *only* refer to the subject
這裡有兩個句子。
-
in the second clause.
您可以使用-ing分詞連接它們嗎
-
You can’t have two subjects.
暫停視頻,然後思考您的答案。
-
When writing, make sure your sentence has a clear subject.
需要提示嗎?
-
Don’t write something like this.
您的答案應該與 您之前看到的示例挺相似
-
Here, it isn’t clear what ‘it’ refers to.
準備?
-
Let’s practise!
這就是答案。
-
Here are two ideas.
還有一種使用-ing子句的方式: 您可以使用“having”的完成形式
-
Can you connect them using an -ing participle clause?
加上過去分詞,表明那件事 發生在另一個之前。
-
Pause the video and think about your answer.
例如:
-
Want a hint?
因此,快速回顧:您可以使用-ing分詞 子句做三件事。
-
Your answer should be quite similar to the example you saw before.
你還記得他們嗎?
-
Ready?
一:用它們來表明同時發生的兩個動作
-
Here’s the answer.
二:用它們來顯示因果關係。
-
There’s one more way to use -ing clauses: you can use a perfect -ing form, with ‘having’
三:使用它們-加上“具有” 過去分詞—表明一件事情在一件事情前後發生
-
plus a past participle, to show that one thing happened before another.
請記住,您隨時可以查看部分 如果您需要更多時間進行處理。
-
For example:
讓我們繼續下一步。
-
So, quick review: you can use -ing participle clauses to do three things.
有兩種分詞從句: -ing子句和-ed子句。
-
Do you remember them?
看一個與以下兩個想法相關的例子 -ed分詞子句:
-
One: use them to show that two actions happened at the same time.
這連接了兩個想法。
-
Two: use them to show cause and effect.
您可以在有兩個主題相同的子句時使用-ed分詞子句
-
Three: use them—with ‘having’ plus a past participle—to show that one thing happened
並且,這些子句之一有一個被動動詞。
-
after another.
像-ing子句,-ed分詞子句 分詞從句中沒有主題。
-
Remember that you can always review a section if you need more time to work on it.
讓我們看另一個例子。
-
Let’s move on to our next point.
這次,您可以嘗試弄出復雜 句子:
-
There are two kinds of participle clauses: -ing clauses and -ed clauses.
您可以連接兩個句子與 -ed分詞從句?
-
Look at an example of two ideas linked with an -ed participle clause:
如果需要時間,可以暫停視頻
-
This links two ideas.
準備?
-
You can use -ed participle clauses when you have two clauses with the same subject, and
這就是答案。
-
one of the clauses has a passive verb.
因為-ed子句沒有主要動詞、動詞時態信息
-
Like -ing clauses, -ed participle clauses do not have a subject in the participle clause.
"had been cultivated”-在-ed子句中消失
-
Let’s look at another example.
但是,沒有失去任何意義。
-
This time, you can try to make the complex sentence:
在這兩部分中,您已經了解瞭如何 使用-ing和-ed分詞從句來連接
-
Can you combine these two sentences with an -ed participle clause?
兩個完整的獨立句子。
-
Pause the video if you need time to make your answer.
但是,還有另一種使用它們的方法。
-
Ready?
看一個例子: 你能看到這有什麼不同嗎?
-
Here’s the answer.
在這種情況下,您正使用的-ed分詞 子句不能代替獨立句子,
-
Because the -ed clause doesn’t have a main verb, the verb tense information—‘had
但可以替換一個關係從句。
-
been cultivated’—disappears in the -ed clause.
關係從句是最強大的子句之一 用於復雜句子中添加和組合想法的方法。
-
However, no meaning is lost.
讓我們更詳細地看!
-
In these two sections, you’ve seen how to use -ing and -ed participle clauses to link
關係從句可以做兩件事。
-
two full, independent clauses.
一:可以使用關係從句添加 名詞或名詞短語的信息。
-
However, there’s another way to use them.
二:您可以在'where'中使用關係從句 在句子或構想中添加信息。
-
Look at an example: Can you see how this is different?
讓我們看一下第一種情況的示例: 使用關係從句添加信息在一個名詞中。
-
In this case, you’re using the -ed participle clause not to replace an independent clause,
在這裡,您使用一個關係從句-'which occurred in Holland"—添加信息
-
but instead to replace a relative clause.
名詞短語“鬱金香狂熱”。
-
Relative clauses are one of the most powerful ways to add and combine ideas in complex sentences.
這樣使用的關係從句*只能* 描述他們之後的名詞。
-
Let’s look in more detail!
不要寫這樣的東西:
-
Relative clauses can do two things.
如果您使用關係從句添加 向名詞提供信息,子句“必須”出現
-
One: you can use a relative clause to add information to a noun or noun phrase.
直接在名詞或名詞短語之後。
-
Two: you can use a relative clause with ‘which’ to add information to a sentence or idea.
您可以在 相同的句子例如:
-
Let’s look at an example of the first case: using a relative clause to add information
在這裡,您添加了第二個關係從句, 'when',以添加有關名詞“ 1637”的更多信息
-
to a noun.
這樣使用多個 讓您以不同的方式來構想
-
Here, you use a relative clause—‘which occurred in Holland’—to add information
例如,您也可以這樣寫: 這可能會很有用,如果您想添加更多
-
to the noun phrase ‘tulip mania’.
之後有關“荷蘭”的信息 句子,像這樣:
-
Relative clauses used like this can *only* describe the noun they come after.
練習吧!
-
Don’t write something like this:
看兩個句子: 您能否使用關係從句將這兩個句子聯繫起來
-
If you’re using a relative clause to add information to a noun, the clause *must* come
有兩個可能的答案。
-
directly after the noun or noun phrase.
暫停視頻並做出答案。
-
You can use multiple relative clauses in the same sentence; for example:
準備?
-
Here, you add a second relative clause, with ‘when’, to add more information about
這是兩種可能性。
-
the noun ‘1637’.
您得到正確的答案了嗎?
-
Using multiple relative clauses like this allows you to structure your ideas in different
更好的是,您倆都得到了嗎?
-
ways.
對於額外挑戰,您可以添加第三個想法嗎?
-
For example, you could also write this: This might be useful if you want to add more
提示:“ 1637”出現了兩次, 並且您需要連接兩個實例。
-
information about ‘Holland’ later in the sentence, like this:
這是最好的方法: 讓我們在這裡再看一點。
-
Let’s practise!
您也可以使用關係從句添加 信息或整個想法的解釋。
-
Look at two ideas: Can you connect these two ideas using a relative
看一個例子: 在這裡,您使用關係從句
-
clause?
解釋第一個子句的整體思想。
-
There are two possible answers.
您不只是將信息添加到其中 名詞短語。
-
Pause the video and make your answer.
要以這種方式使用關係從句,您需要 做兩件事。
-
Ready?
一:您只能*僅*使用“which”作為 關係代詞。
-
Here are the two possibilities.
二:您的關係從句在關係從句前必須加說明 或與該想法相關的意見
-
Did you get the right answer?
通過這種方式,您無法添加事實信息或詳細信息
-
Even better, did you get both?
現在,讓我們看看另一種方式形成 複雜的句子。
-
For an extra challenge, can you add a third idea?
做一個好作家,你應該說清楚 哪些想法更重要。
-
Here’s a hint: ‘1637’ appears twice, and you need to link the two instances.
在英語中,接近開始的想法 這句話比其他句子更重要。
-
Here’s the best way to do it: Let’s look at one more point here.
因此,如果您想強調一個想法, 應該找到一種方法將其移到開始
-
You can also use a relative clause to add information or explanation to a whole idea.
的句子。
-
Look at an example: Here, you’re using the relative clause to
您可以通過使用“ it”來做到這一點,如下所示: 在這裡,您將重點放在1637年。
-
explain the whole idea of the first clause.
通常,您使用此結構來關注 事實細節,例如人,時間,地點
-
You’re not just adding information to one noun phrase.
等等。
-
To use relative clauses in this way, you need to do two things.
您也可以將其與其他結構結合起來 您已經在本課程中看到了。
-
One: you can *only* use ‘which’ as the relative pronoun.
例如,您可以添加一個關係從句 到這句話的結尾,像這樣
-
Two: your relative clause must add an explanation or an opinion related to the idea before the
看一個句子。
-
relative clause.
您想強調一下 “荷蘭”或“ 1593”的概念。
-
You can’t add factual information or details in this way.
你能寫兩個不同的句子嗎? 用“it”來強調這兩個想法?
-
Now, let’s look at one more way to form complex sentences.
暫停視頻並立即嘗試。
-
To be a good writer, you should make it clear which ideas are more important.
你得到答案了嗎?
-
In English, ideas which are close to the beginning of the sentence are more important than others.
看一看。
-
So, if you want to emphasise an idea, you should find a way to move it to the beginning
在第一句話中,您可能需要 通過分離主句中的'in 1593',使用 逗號來稍微改變結構
-
of the sentence.
現在,您已經看到了幾種形成複雜形式的方法 英文句子結構。
-
You can do this by using ‘it’, like this: Here, you’re focusing on the year, 1637.
如果您想更多練習,該怎麼辦?
-
Often, you use this structure to focus on a factual detail, like a person, time, place
首先,您可以使用一本語法書或其他 資源練習在本課中看到的主題。
-
and so on.
尋找有關-ing分詞的章節和練習 -ing子句,-ed分詞子句,
-
You can also combine this with other structures you’ve seen in this lesson.
關係從句和裂子句。
-
For example, you could add a relative clause to the end of this sentence, like this.
在一些書籍和材料中,“Cleft sentences”也稱為“‘focusing clauses”
-
Look at a sentence.
其次,請記住 課程不是連接思想的唯一方法
-
You want to emphasise the idea of ‘Holland’ or the idea of ‘1593’.
變成複雜的句子。
-
Can you write two different sentences, starting with ‘it’, to emphasise these two ideas?
您還應該學習如何使用一系列 連詞和連接短語來構建句子。
-
Pause the video and do it now.
最後,練習寫作,並嘗試使用 您寫作中的一些想法。
-
Did you get your answers?
獲得良好的質量反饋,以確保 您的文章清晰,條理清晰,
-
Take a look.
準確。
-
In the first sentence, you’ll probably need to change the structure a little by separating
如果您需要老師的幫助,那麼我們的 老師可以與您一起改善您的
-
‘in 1593’ from the main clause using a comma.
英語寫作。
-
Now, you’ve seen several ways to form complex sentence structures in English.
您可以在上打折的試用課 在我們的網站-查找以下鏈接
-
What should you do if you want more practice?
視頻,或訪問牛津線上英語點 com,然後點擊“開始使用”!
-
First, you can use a grammar book or other resources to practise the topics you’ve
就這樣。
-
seen in this lesson.
感謝收看!
-
Look for chapters and exercises on -ing participle clauses, -ed participle clauses, relative
下次見!
-
clauses, and cleft sentences.
-
‘Cleft sentences’ are also called ‘focusing clauses’ in some books and materials.
-
Secondly, remember that the ideas in this lesson are not the only way to connect ideas
-
into complex sentences.
-
You should also learn how to use a range of conjunctions and linking phrases to build
-
sentences.
-
Finally, practise writing, and try to use some of these ideas in your writing.
-
Get good quality feedback to make sure that your writing is clear, well-organised and
-
accurate.
-
If you need help from a teacher, then our teachers can work with you to improve your
-
English writing.
-
You can take a discounted trial lesson on our website—look for the link under the
-
video, or visit Oxford Online English dot com and click ‘get started’!
-
That’s all.
-
Thanks for watching!
-
See you next time!