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Our story is about a girl named Iris.
這個故事是關於一位名叫Iris的女孩(Iris 同時是虹膜的意思)
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Iris is very sensitive.
Iris非常敏感
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So much that she is always in tears.
敏感到她總是在流淚
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She cries when she's sad,
當她難過的時候她會哭,
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when she's happy,
當她高興的時候她會哭,
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and even tears up when things just get to her.
甚至是當有東西碰到她的時候她會哭。
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She has special lacrimal glands to make new tears
她有個特殊的淚腺能製造新的眼淚
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and special tubes, called lacrimal puncta,
還有特殊的管子,叫做淚點,
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to drain old ones away.
會把舊的眼淚排走。
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And she cries so much that she goes through
她太愛哭了,她每天會哭出
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ten ounces of tears per day,
十盎司的眼淚,
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thirty gallons a year!
一整年有三十加侖!
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In fact, if you look closely,
事實上,如果你靠近點看,
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you'll see that she's crying a little bit all the time.
你會看見她總是一點一點地在哭。
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The basal tears that Iris constantly produces
Iris持續分泌的普通眼淚
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form a thin coating of three layers
形成了一個三層的薄膜
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that cover her and keep dirt and debris away.
覆蓋住她,避免灰塵和碎片接近。
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Right next to Iris is the mucus layer,
緊靠著Iris的是黏液層,
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which keeps the whole thing fastened to her.
黏液層能讓整團淚滴緊貼著她。
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On top of it is the aqueous layer,
在它的上面是淚水層,
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which keeps Iris hydrated,
它讓Iris保持濕潤,
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repels invasive bacteria,
擊退入侵的細菌,
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and protects her skin, or cornea, from damage.
並保護她的角膜,使其免於傷害。
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And, finally, there is the lipid layer,
最後,是油脂層,
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an oily outer film that keeps the surface smooth
油性的外膜可以保持表面平滑
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for Iris to see through,
讓Iris可以看得清楚,
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and prevents the other layers from evaporating.
並避免其他膜層蒸發。
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Normally, Iris goes about her day
正常來講,Iris一整天
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without really noticing the basal tears
都不會注意到普通眼淚
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doing their thing.
的作用。
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That's kind of their whole point.
普通眼淚大概就是這麼回事。
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But one day, she meets a girl named Onion.
但是有一天,她遇到了一個女孩叫做洋蔥。
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Iris is immediately smitten.
Iris馬上就被迷住了。
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Onion looks gorgeous in her bright purple jacket,
洋蔥妹穿著亮紫色的夾克看起來很華麗,
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and she smells terrific.
而且她聞起來非常香。
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So, Iris invites Onion to her house for dinner,
所以,Iris邀請洋蔥妹到她家吃晚餐,
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but when she comes in and takes off her jacket,
但是當她進來之後脫下了她的外套,
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something terrible happens.
一件可怕的事情就發生了。
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You see, when Onion's jacket is removed,
你看,當洋蔥妹的外套被脫掉時,
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a chemical reaction happens,
一種化學反應發生了,
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converting the sulfoxides that make her smell so great
讓洋蔥妹聞起來很香的化合物亞碸轉換為
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into sulfenic acid,
次硫磺,
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which then becomes a nasty substance with a long name:
而後又變成一種令人難受、有著落落長名字的物質:
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syn-Propanethial S-oxide.
丙硫醛-S-氧化物
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The gas stings Iris,
這個氣體刺激著Iris,
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and suddenenly, she can't help it,
突然間,她忍不住了,
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she starts weeping uncontrollably.
她開始不能控制地流淚。
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These reflex tears are different from the basal tears that Iris is used to.
這些反射性眼淚跟Iris平常流的普通眼淚不一樣
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Because they're designed
因為它們是被設計用來
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to wash away harmful substances, or particles,
清洗有害的物質,或顆粒,
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they're released in much larger amounts,
它們會更大量地被釋放,
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and their aqueous layer contains more antibodies
淚水層包含更多的抗體
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to stop any microorganisms that may be trying to get in, as well.
去阻止任何也試圖進入的微生物
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Both Iris and Onion are devastated.
Iris和洋蔥妹都很悲痛
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They know they can't continue their relationship
他們知道他們無法繼續他們的關係,
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if Iris is going to hurt and cry
要是Iris會受傷並且哭泣
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every time Onion takes off her jacket.
在每次洋蔥妹脫掉她的外套時。
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So, they decide to break up.
所以,她們決定分手。
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As Onion walks out the door,
當洋蔥妹一踏出門,
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Iris stops crying.
Iris就停止哭泣。
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And immediately starts again.
然後馬上又再次哭了
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Only now, she's not crying reflex tears
只是現在,她不是流出反射性眼淚,
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but emotional tears.
而是情感性眼淚。
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When someone is either too sad or too happy,
當某人太難過或是太高興時,
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it feels like a loss of control,
會感覺像是失控,
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which can be dangerous.
而這可能會導致危險發生。
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So, emotional tears are sent in
所以,情感性眼淚被派去
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to stabilize the mood as quickly as possible,
盡快穩定這樣的情緒。
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along with other physical reactions,
伴隨其他身體反應,
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such as an increased heart rate
像是加快心跳
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and slower breathing.
和減緩呼吸。
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But scientists still aren't sure
但是科學家仍不確定
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exactly how or why the tears themselves are helpful.
眼淚究竟如何提供幫助以及為何會有幫助
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They may be a social mechanism
眼淚可能是一種社交機制
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to elicit sympathy or show submission.
用以引起同情或示弱。
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But some studies have also found
但是有一些研究也發現到
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that emotional tears contain higher levels
情感性眼淚有著更高層次的
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of stress hormones,
壓力賀爾蒙,
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such as ACTH and enkephalin,
像是促腎上腺皮質刺激素(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)和腦啡,
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an endorphin and natural pain killer.
一種內啡肽和天然的止痛劑。
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In this case, emotional tears are also directly calming Iris down,
在這種情況下,情感性眼淚也會直接使Iris平靜下來,
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as well as signaling her emotional state to others.
並且發出她的情緒狀態訊號給其他人。
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Sorry things didn't work out with Onion, Iris,
很遺憾和洋蔥妹的感情失敗了,Iris,
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but don't worry.
但是別擔心
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As long as you have all three kinds of tears
只要你擁有三種眼淚
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working to keep you balanced and healthy,
幫助你保持平靜和健康
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it will get better.
一切都會變好的
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You'll see.
你會明白的