基礎被動語態

It's something that's, since it was invented a year or two ago,

A little bit of it, I think, is the nicotine,

but there's something much bigger than that.

Which is ever since, in the U.K., they banned smoking in public places,

I've never enjoyed a drinks party ever again.

And the reason, I only worked out just the other day,

and you stand up and you hold a glass of red wine

you don't actually want to spend all the time talking.

Sometimes you just want to stand there silently, alone with your thoughts.

有時候你只是想靜靜地站著想點事情

Sometimes you just want to stand in the corner and stare out of the window.

有時候你只是想站在角落望著窗外

Now the problem is, when you can't smoke,

問題來了——當你不能抽煙的時候

if you stand and stare out of the window on your own,

如果你獨自一人站著並望著窗外

If you stand and stare out of the window on your own with a cigarette,

如果你獨自站著望向窗外，拿著一根煙

What we have is exactly the same thing, the same activity,

and the other one, with just a small change of posture,

And I think one of the problems with classical economics

is it's absolutely preoccupied with reality.

And reality isn't a particularly good guide to human happiness.

但現實並非是通向人類幸福的好指南

Both of them, after all, are in exactly the same stage of life.

You both have too much time on your hands and not much money.

手上有太多時間，卻沒有多少錢可花

But pensioners are reportedly very, very happy,

但是退休老人據稱非常非常快樂

whereas the unemployed are extraordinarily unhappy and depressed.

The reason, I think, is that the pensioners believe they've chosen to be pensioners,

我認為原因在於，退休老人相信這身份是自己選擇成為的

In England the upper middle classes have actually solved this problem perfectly,

在英國，上層的中產階級已完美地解決這個問題

If you're an upper-middle-class English person,

如果你屬於英國的上層中產階級

And that's because having a son who's unemployed in Manchester

因為你兒子要是在曼徹斯特失了業

but having a son who's unemployed in Thailand

is really viewed as quite an accomplishment.

But actually the power to re-brand things --

事實上，重新包裝事物的威力是--

to understand that actually our experiences, costs, things

瞭解到我們的經驗、花費、事物

don't actually much depend on what they really are,

There's an experiment I think Daniel Pink refers to

我記得Daniel Pink提到過一個實驗

Every now and then an electric shock is applied to the floor,

The only difference is one of the dogs has a small button in its half of the box.

唯一的不同是，其中一隻狗在它那半箱子中有個小按鈕

And when it nuzzles the button, the electric shock stops.

當它用鼻子按那個按鈕電擊就停止了

It's exposed to exactly the same level of pain as the dog in the first box,

它感受到的電擊痛苦與前一隻狗完全相同

but it has no control over the circumstances.

Generally the first dog can be relatively content.

The second dog lapses into complete depression.

The circumstances of our lives may actually matter less to our happiness

than the sense of control we feel over our lives.

We ask the question -- the whole debate in the Western world

But I think there's another debate to be asked,

which is the level of control we have over our tax money.

That what costs us 10 pounds in one context can be a curse.

在某種情況下花的10英鎊可能是個詛咒

What costs us 10 pounds in a different context we may actually welcome.

而在另一種情況下花去的10英鎊可能倍受歡迎

You know, pay 20,000 pounds in tax towards health

你知道，花費2萬英鎊稅金投資健康

Pay 20,000 pounds to endow a hospital ward

但花費2萬英鎊去捐贈一間醫院病房

I'm probably in the wrong country to talk about willingness to pay tax.

也許我在這個國家不適合談論納稅的意願

So I'll give you one in return. How you frame things really matters.

所以作為補償我要講如何對事物定調真的很重要

or the bailout of a load of stupid banks which lent to Greece?

還是稱作一堆愚蠢的銀行笨到貸款給希臘的緊急援助？

Because they are actually the same thing.

因為這兩種說法實際上是同一回事

how you react to them, viscerally and morally.

會影響到你心理以及倫理上的反應

I think psychological value is great to be absolutely honest.

坦白說我認為心理價值非常重要

One of my great friends, a professor called Nick Chater,

我有一位很好的朋友Nick Chater教授

who's the Professor of Decision Sciences in London,

believes that we should spend far less time

and spend much more time exploring the hidden shallows.

而把更多時間用在探索人性隱藏的膚淺上

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