過去簡單式

動名詞

Are you struggling to use the correct form when you're speaking or writing in English?

當你說或寫英語時，你是否難以使用正確的形式？

未來簡單式

In this video lesson, we'll learn about the difference between using have, had, and has been by looking at a few examples and analyzing the use of these forms together!

在本影片課程中，我們將透過查看一些範例並一起分析這些形式的用法來了解 have、had 和 has been 之間的差異！

Friends, remember the best way to be learning grammar is in use!

朋友們記住，學習文法最好的方法就是在使用中學習！

By seeing grammar being used, you are able to better understand the use of each grammatical structure and apply this to your everyday life when you are speaking or writing in English.

透過了解所使用的語法，你可以更好地理解每種語法結構的用法，並將其應用到你用英語說話或寫作的日常生活中。

If you're struggling to use and apply grammar when speaking in English, make sure to get my free grammar training guide by clicking the link just above here to help you better communicate with Grammar!

如果你在說英語時難以使用和應用語法，請務必點擊此處上方的連結獲取我的免費文法訓練指南，以幫助你更好地使用文法進行交流！

Let's begin this lesson by looking at to have.

Looking at this sentence, "I have a new car" the verb have means to be in possession of something.

看這句話，「我有一輛新車」，動詞 have 的意思是擁有某物。

Here, the sentence uses the present simple and it expresses the fact of having or possessing something in the present.

這裡，句子使用了一般現在時，表達了現在擁有或占有某物的事實。

Now we can also use the verb have as an auxiliary verb and we use it to form the present perfect and present perfect continuous tense.

現在我們也可以使用動詞 have 作為助動詞，並用它來構成現在完成式和現在完成進行式。

Have a look at this sentence here, "I have gone to that show already." Here, we can see the verb have is being used as the auxiliary verb.

看看這個句子，「我已經去看那場演出了。」在這裡，我們可以看到動詞 have 被用作助動詞。

And here it's being used to form the present perfect simple tense.

在這裡它被用來構成現在完成式。

As we already know, we use the present perfect simple tense to connect past actions to the present.

我們已經知道，我們使用現在完成式將過去的動作與現在連結起來。

In this example, the person, me, I went to the show sometime in the past, and it is still valid in the present.

在這個例子中，這個人，也就是我，在過去的某個時候去看了演出，它在現在仍然有效。

Let's have a look at another sentence. "I've skipped breakfast and now I'm hungry."

我們再來看另一個句子。 「我沒吃早餐，現在我餓了。」

In this sentence again have is being used as the auxiliary verb to form the present perfect simple tense.

在這個句子中，have 再次被用作助動詞來構成現在完成式。

Here it is used to express a finished action which has a consequence on the present.

這裡用來表達已經完成的動作對現在有影響。

So, because I didn't eat breakfast in the morning, I am now hungry.

所以，因為早上沒吃早餐，所以現在很餓。

Instead of saying "I didn't eat breakfast," we can use have and form a sentence using the present perfect simple, saying "I've skipped breakfast and now I'm hungry."

我們可以用 have 來代替說「我沒有吃早餐」，而是用現在完成式造句，說「我沒有吃早餐，現在我餓了。」

Have is also used in the English language to form the present perfect continuous tense!

在英語中，Have 也用來構成現在完成進行式！

Have a look at this sentence here. "I've been going to the same cafe for ten years."

看看這句話。 「我已經去同一家咖啡廳十年了。」

In this example, we can see that the present perfect continuous tense is being used and we're using the auxiliary verb have to form this structure!

在這個例子中，我們可以看到使用了現在完成進行時，並且我們使用助動詞 have 來形成這個結構！

In this sentence, we can see that the present perfect continuous tense is being used, as this tense is used to express an action starting in the past but continues to occur. It continues to happen.

在這句話中，我們可以看到它使用了現在完成進行式，因為這個時態用來表達一個從過去開始但仍在繼續發生的動作。它仍在繼續發生。

Throughout sometime regularly and it is still true in the present!

一段時間以來，這種情況一直存在，現在仍然如此！

Let's move on and have a look at the use of has been.

Here we can see the sentence, "That China set has been in our family for years."

這裡我們可以看到這句話：「那套瓷器在我們家已經很多年了。」

Here we can see the verb have being used in the third-person, that being has. She has, he has and it has.

這裡我們可以看到動詞 have 的第三人稱用法，即存在 has。她 has，他 has，它 has。

In this sentence, the present perfect simple tense is being used and we are using the third person as we are talking about the China set which takes the subject it.

在這個句子中，我們使用的是現在完成式，並且我們使用第三人稱，因為我們正在談論以 it 為主詞的瓷器。

In this example, "He has been reading for two hours," we can see that the present perfect continuous tense is being used and again in this example, we can see has is being used.

在這個例子中，「他已經讀了兩個小時」，我們可以看到正在使用現在完成進行式，並且在這個例子中，我們可以看到正在使用 has。

Has been is being used in this example because we're talking about the third person -- he.

在這個例子中使用了Has been，因為我們正在談論第三人稱——他。

It would be incorrect to say he have been.

The rule is, if we have a third person, those being he/she or it, then we use has.

規則是，如果有第三人稱，即他/她或它，那麼我們使用 has。

In this example sentence, she has been running for half an hour without stopping.

在這個例句中，她已經不停地跑了半小時。

Again, we can see the present perfect continuous tense being used.

再次，我們可以看到使用了現在完成進行式。

And the auxiliary verb here, have, is used in the third-person because here the subject is she.

這裡的助動詞 have 是用第三人稱的，因為這裡的主詞是 she。

Like the previous two examples, it would be incorrect to use have in the third person, but we would use has instead.

與前兩個例子一樣，在第三人稱中使用 have 是不正確的，但我們會改用 has。

So remember, if you're talking about the third person, we always use has!

所以請記住，如果你談論的是第三人稱，我們總是使用 has！

第三人稱是「他」、「她」或「它」。

Okay, but what about had? Let's have a look at this example: "I had a dress like that, but I don't know where it is now."

好的，但是「had」是什麼意思呢？讓我們來看這個例子：「我以前有一件那樣的裙子，但我不知道它現在在哪裡。」

Here we can see the verb have been used in the simple past, the simple past of the verb have is had.

這裡我們可以看到動詞 have 的用法是一般過去式，而動詞 have 的一般過去式是 had。

If you are expressing an action in the past using the simple past, then you have to be using had.

如果你使用一般過去式表達過去發生的動作，那麼你必須使用 had。

But we can also use had as an auxiliary verb.

但我們也可以將 had 當作助動詞。

Let's have a look at this example together. "He had studied English before he moved to New York."

我們一起來看這個例子。 「他在搬到紐約之前學過英語。」

Here we can see had being used as an auxiliary verb to form the past perfect.

這裡我們可以看到 had 被用來當作助動詞來構成過去完成式。

Remember friends, the past perfect tense is used to express an action that happened before another past action, so you simply put  the past before the past.

記住，朋友們，過去完成式用於表達發生在過去的另一個動作之前的動作，所以你只需將過去放在過去之前即可。

If you're using the past perfect simple tense, you will have to use the auxiliary verb had to form this tense.

如果你使用過去完成式，則必須使用助動詞 had 來構成這種時態。

Also remember with the past perfect simple tense, he/she/it does not use has!

還要記住，對於過去完成式的簡單時態，他/她/它不使用 has！

It uses had as an auxiliary verb had for all subjects in the past perfect simple tense.

它使用 had 作為助動詞，表示過去完成時態的所有主詞。

The final sentence: "He had been waiting there for two hours before she had arrived."

最後一句：「她到達之前，他已經在那裡等了兩個小時了。」

Here had is being used to form the past perfect continuous tense.

這裡使用 had 來構成過去完成進行式。

Here we can see the past perfect continuous tense being used because an action that started in the past and continued in the past was happening for some time in the past before another action.

這裡我們可以看到使用了過去完成進行式，因為一個在過去開始並持續的動作在另一個動作之前的某個時間發生了。

Friends, you may have noticed that we focused on a few grammatical structures in this lesson.

朋友們，你們可能已經注意到，我們在本課中重點關注了一些文法結構。

Keep in mind that we use the auxiliary verb have to form the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous tense, and the auxiliary verb had to form the past perfect simple tense and the past perfect continuous tense.

請記住，我們使用助動詞 have 來構成現在完成式和現在完成進行式，而使用助動詞 had 來構成過去完成式和過去完成進行式。

If you'd like this video lesson make sure to hit like, subscribe and share this video with a friend learning English.

如果你喜歡這節影片課，請務必按讚、訂閱並與學習英語的朋友分享此影片。

Thanks for being here and look forward to seeing you next time. Bye for now.

感謝你的觀看，期待下次再見。再見。

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