而對於任何做應用數學的人來說,

for anyone who does applied math, is that

So I am going to give you some -- attempt today

So, dancing is one of the most human of activities.

舞蹈可以說是最具人類化的活動了

We delight at ballet virtuosos and tap dancers

Now, ballet requires an extraordinary level of expertise

and probably a level of initial suitability

that may well have a genetic component to it.

Now, sadly, neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease

不過可惜的是,像帕金森癥這樣的神經系統疾病

gradually destroy this extraordinary ability,

as it is doing to my friend Jan Stripling, who was

就像發生在我一位跳芭蕾舞的朋友,

So great progress and treatment has been made over the years.

近年來在治療上已經有很多進步和應用了

However, there are 6.3 million people worldwide

但是呢,這世界上有630萬人有帕金森症

who have the disease, and they have to live with

and the other symptoms that go along with the disease,

to detect the disease before it's too late.

We need to be able to measure progression objectively,

and ultimately, the only way we're going to know

並且最終,只有我們有能客觀地測量

when we actually have a cure is when we have

an objective measure that can answer that for sure.

But frustratingly, with Parkinson's disease

and other movement disorders, there are no biomarkers,

其他生理障礙還是沒有一個生物標記

so there's no simple blood test that you can do,

因此不可能做一個簡單的驗血就能查出來

You have to go to the clinic to do it. It's very, very costly,

你必須去臨床醫院去做,而且十分的貴,

and that means that, outside the clinical trials,

這樣就意味著,除了在臨床試驗中,

But what if patients could do this test at home?

不過要是病人在家裡能做的話會怎麼樣?

Now, that would actually save on a difficult trip to the clinic,

當然這樣一來他們不必去臨床醫院,對吧?

and what if patients could do that test themselves, right?

順便提一下,做這個測試要花醫院

So what I want to propose to you as an unconventional way

因此我想告訴你一種非傳統的方法

because, you see, in one sense, at least,

因為你可以看到,至少,一定程度上

we are all virtuosos like my friend Jan Stripling.

我們都是像我朋友Jan Stripling一樣的舞蹈家

So here we have a video of the vibrating vocal folds.

我這有一個關於波動聲音的視頻

Now, this is healthy and this is somebody making speech sounds,

這個是健康的而這個是某人在說話的聲音

and we can think of ourselves as vocal ballet dancers,

我們可以把自己想像為聲音芭蕾舞者

because we have to coordinate all of these vocal organs

因為我們必須使所有聲音器官都協調起來

have the genes for it. FoxP2, for example.

And like ballet, it takes an extraordinary level of training.

跟芭蕾一樣,這需要很高的訓練水準

I mean, just think how long it takes a child to learn to speak.

就想想一個小孩學會說話得多長時間吧

從發出的聲音裏,我們實際上可以

and just as the limbs are affected in Parkinson's,

So on the bottom trace, you can see an example of

在這底下,你可以看到一個不尋常的

We see vocal tremor, weakness and rigidity.

The speech actually becomes quieter and more  breathy

after a while, and that's one of the example symptoms of it.

過一會,就成了其中一個症狀的表現

So these vocal effects can actually be quite subtle,

這些對聲音的影響可能會很細微,

in some cases, but with any digital microphone,

在有些情況下,使用精細聲音分析軟體

and using precision voice analysis software

以及目前發展很快的機器製造學中的知識

in combination with the latest in machine learning,

we can now quantify exactly where somebody lies

on a continuum between health and disease

So these voice-based tests, how do they stack up against

那麼這些聲音測試是怎麼跟專業

expert clinical tests? We'll, they're both non-invasive.

的臨床測試相對比呢?嗯,他們都是不具侵略性的

The neurologist's test is non-invasive. They both use existing infrastructure.

You don't have to design a whole new set of hospitals to do it.

你不需要重新設計一套新的設備去做這個測試

And they're both accurate. Okay, but in addition,

That means they can be self-administered.

這就意味著這個測試可以由病人自己來做

They're high-speed, take about 30 seconds at most.

They're ultra-low cost, and we all know what happens.

So here are some amazing goals that I think we can deal with now.

因此呢我認為我們可以實現一些十分驚人的目標

We can reduce logistical difficulties with patients.

No need to go to the clinic for a routine checkup.

他們不再需要去臨床做常規檢查

We can do high-frequency monitoring to get objective data.

我們可以做高頻率的測控去得到客觀的數據

We can perform low-cost mass recruitment for clinical trials,

我們還可以為臨床檢查進行大批的低廉的雇傭

and we can make population-scale screening

這樣我們就可以使得大規模的檢查

We have the opportunity to start to search

for the early biomarkers of the disease before it's too late.

So, taking the first steps towards this today,

因此呢,我們建立了在帕金森聲音

we're launching the Parkinson's Voice Initiative.

With Aculab and PatientsLikeMe, we're aiming

通過Aculab和像我一樣的病人,我們準備

to record a very large number of voices worldwide

to collect enough data to start to tackle these four goals.

去收集足夠的數據來實現這四個目標

We have local numbers accessible to three quarters

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