There's an old joke about a cop who's walking his beat

and he comes across a guy under a street lamp

who's looking at the ground and moving from side to side,

and kind of makes a little matrix and looks

大概花了兩、 三分鐘。 還是沒找到鑰匙。

警察說，"嘿，朋友，你確定你的鑰匙

And the guy says, "No, no, actually I lost them

這個人說 “不，不，其實我把它們丟在了

There's a concept that people talk about nowadays

現如今，人們談論著一個概念叫大數據，

called big data, and what they're talking about

is all of the information that we're generating

through our interaction with and over the Internet,

to music downloads, movies, streaming, all this kind of stuff,

到音樂下載、 電影、 串流媒體 所有這類的東西，

And the folks who work with big data, for them,

對於那些處理大數據的人們來說，

they talk about that their biggest problem is

the biggest problem is, how do we organize all that information?

我們面對的最大問題是， 我們如何整理所有的資訊？

I can tell you that working in global health,

我告訴你，在全球健康領域工作，

the data that would help us solve the problems

即使網上的數據能幫我們解決一些問題

we're trying to solve is not actually present on the Internet.

但我們試圖去解決的問題 實際上卻並不存在於網路上。

So we don't know, for example, how many people

right now are being affected by disasters

We don't know for really basically any of the clinics

我們不知道發展中國家的診所裡

in the developing world, which ones have medicines

We have no idea of what the supply chain is for those clinics.

我們完全不知道這些診所的供應鏈是怎樣的。

We don't know -- and this is really amazing to me --

我們不知道——這真得讓我很吃驚——

we don't know how many children were born,

or how many children there are in Bolivia

We don't know how many kids died last week

我們不知道在任何這些國家裡，

We don't know the needs of the elderly, the mentally ill.

我們不知道老年人和精神病患者的需要。

For all of these different critically important problems

對於所有這些不同的卻非常重要的問題

or critically important areas that we want to solve problems in,

或我們想要解決問題的非常重要的領域，

And part of the reason why we don't know anything at all

is that the information technology systems

是我們在全球健康組織工作時，

that we use in global health to find the data

用來查找資料，解決問題的資訊技術系統

to solve these problems is what you see here.

And this is about a 5,000-year-old technology.

這是一個大約有五千年歷史的技術。

It's kind of on its way out now, but we still use it

This is a paper form, and what you're looking at

is a paper form in the hand of a Ministry of Health nurse

你正在看的是健康部護士 手中的一張紙質表單

in Indonesia who is tramping out across the countryside

她正徒步穿行在印度尼西亞的鄉下，

in Indonesia on, I'm sure, a very hot and humid day,

在印尼，我確信，那是個十分炎熱和潮濕的一天，

and she is going to be knocking on thousands of doors

knocking on the doors and saying, "Excuse me,

Do you have any children? Were your children vaccinated?"

你有孩子嗎？你的孩子接種疫苗了嗎?"

Because the only way we can actually find out

how many children were vaccinated in the country of Indonesia,

what percentage were vaccinated, is actually not

和他們接種了疫苗的百分比的唯一方法，

on the Internet but by going out and knocking on doors,

其實不在網際網路上， 而是通過走出去，敲那些門，

would probably take two years to accomplish.

And the problem, of course, with all of this is that

with all those paper forms — and I'm telling you

在於所有那些紙質表單——我要告訴你

we have paper forms for every possible thing.

We have paper forms for vaccination surveys.

我們有接種疫苗調查的紙質表單。

We have paper forms to track people who come into clinics.

我們用紙質表單來跟蹤到診所來的人。

We have paper forms to track drug supplies,

我們用紙質表單來跟蹤藥品供應、

blood supplies, all these different paper forms

血液供應，所有這些不同的紙質表單

and the common endpoint looks something like this.

那個共同的終結點看起來就像這樣。

And what we're looking at here is a truckful o' data.

我們現在看到的是一卡車的數據。

This is the data from a single vaccination coverage survey

這只是一個疫苗接種覆蓋範圍的調查資料

in a single district in the country of Zambia

僅僅是尚比亞鄉下的一個地區而已

from a few years ago that I participated in.

它們來自於前幾年我參加的一次調查。

The only thing anyone was trying to find out

is what percentage of Zambian children are vaccinated,

尚比亞兒童接種疫苗的百分比，

and this is the data, collected on paper over weeks

這是在數週內收集到紙上的數據資料，

from a single district, which is something like a county

You can imagine that, for the entire country of Zambia,

你可以想像，整個國家的尚比亞，

filled with stack after stack after stack of data.

裝滿一堆一堆又一堆的數據資料。

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