and will almost certainly be a tragic part of our future.

幾乎可以肯定的是 它也是我們未來悲劇的一部分

Since the establishment of the United Nations,

and multilateral conventions refer to armed conflict

將和我們以往經歷過的戰爭不同

through the use of a new class of weapons,

and programs to alter the enemy&#39;s ability to operate.

but the question of what exactly constitutes cyberwarfare

如果我們甚至不知道 網路戰的定義為何

if we can&#39;t even agree on what it means?

One way forward is to envision situations

where new international laws may be needed.

我們可能需要新的國際法的情況

For example, an individual working for the government

to another foreign leader&#39;s pacemaker.

This device directs the pacemaker to malfunction,

ultimately resulting in the foreign leader&#39;s death.

cooperatively infiltrating the computer systems

of an enemy nation&#39;s nuclear warship.

This attack results in a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier

of killing thousands of soldiers and civilians.

而不以殺害成千上萬的 士兵和平民為代價

that results in the allied nations&#39; power grids going down.

entire regions without heat or clean water,

整個地區缺乏熱的或乾淨的水源

all ultimately causing tens of thousands civilian deaths.

and the antiquated state of the power grid

all contributed to the deaths of the civilians.

And would their retaliation be considered an act of war?

他們的報復行動 應該被視為一種戰爭行為嗎？

Do they constitute war crimes against humanity?

他們構成危害人類罪的戰爭罪嗎？

The computer programmers who wrote the code?

The hardware engineer who created the computers,

knowing that they were intended to enable an attack?

Because war has been with us for so long,

and prevent atrocities from being more atrocious.

the use of gas chambers or poisonous gas in conflict,

使用毒氣室，或在衝突中施放有毒氣體

Again, the current legal framework stays silent

on hypothetical questions and countless others

對這些假設性問題 和無數其他的問題不聞不問

So, what hypothetical but plausible scenarios

那麼，在不斷衍生的網路戰定義中

the burgeoning definition of cyberwarfare,

完整課程詳見：http://ed.ted.com/lessons/defining-cyberwarfare-in-hopes-of-preventing-it-daniel-garrie 你能想像一個不用炸彈和子彈，而是用電腦病毒和心搏器侵入的未來戰爭嗎？網路戰是獨一無二的，因為現有的法律框架管不到它，它往往能夠引出更多我們還無法回答的問題。Daniel...