基礎被動語態

This episode of Life Noggin is brought to you by AJ plus.

- Hey there. I'm Blocko. - I'm Avan. You can call me the nerd writer.

- 大家好，我是 Blocko。- 我是 Avan，你們可以稱我為書呆作家。

Many people died from a plague outbreak that ran rampant in the village 15 years ago.

村莊裡許多人死於15年前爆發肆虐的一場瘟疫。

And today we are teaming up in this video to debunk eight common movie myths that run rampant in Hollywood.

今天的題目是破解八個好萊塢電影常出現的錯誤迷思。

Hollywood is known for often bending the truth when it comes to science, so we want to set them straight.

我們都知道好萊塢常常扭曲科學，所以我們想導正這個歪風。

A commonly-used movie myth involves having lasers in space.

第一個錯誤知識是有關於宇宙中的雷射光。

The colorful battle scenes are nice to look at but they bring up a lot of problems.

這些光彩奪目的戰鬥場面確實都很好看，但它們其實漏洞百出。

Firstly, in space, we would not be able to see the laser beam.

首先，在宇宙中我們不可能看得見這些雷射光。

If you shine a laser pointer through a medium that scatters light, you could see it, but remember, space is a vacuum.

如果你使用雷射筆，穿過可以散射光線的介質，你就看得到光，但是請記住宇宙是真空的！

There's nothing there to scatter the light.

沒有任何介質可以讓你去散射出那些光啊！

So you wouldn't even be able to see the laser until it reaches your target.

所以你根本不會看見這些光，直到它擊中目標。

And on that note, in some movies, the laser seem to take a second or two to reach the target.

再來，電影中的雷射都要花一到兩秒才打中目標。

But keep in mind lasers are just light which travels at a specific speed. The speed of light.

但給我記住雷射是光！它的速度可是光速！

Therefore these space battles would not only be invisible but extremely short.

所以這些戰鬥場面不只根本看不到，而且會超短暫。

The asteroid belt is located in an area of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

小行星帶指的是火星和木星軌道之間的環形區域。

The science myth that came about from the Star Wars films is that asteroid belts are really dense.

再來這則錯誤知識來自《星際大戰》，行星帶其實很密。

Dense enough to require careful navigation.

In reality, the asteroid belt located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is so large that if you were standing on an asteroid, it would be difficult to see its neighbor without the use of a telescope.

事實上火星跟木星之間的小行星帶其實是非常寬廣巨大的，如果你站在一顆小行星上，除非你用望遠鏡，不然你要看到左右兩顆星是非常非常困難的。

Think about it this way: Well, it is estimated that there are millions of asteroids in the asteroid belt.

想一想：小行星帶上的行星估計有數百萬顆。

There's also a massive amount of space that they occupied.

It's unlikely that you'll find them all grouped together in one relatively small air.

你不太可能只待在一個相對小的視角就將它們盡收眼底。

A common trend in action movies is to shoot a lock to make it open.

電影裡非常流行用子彈把上鎖的門射開。

No, this is not completely incorrect but it's incredibly oversimplified.

它並不完全錯，但它實在是太過度簡單化了。

Most handguns won't quite do the job but a high power rifle will.

除非是用強力的步槍，不然一般的手槍是不太可能做到的。

We asked him for help once, but he refused us point-blank .

我們有一次請他幫忙，但他斷然拒絕我們。

However, the shrapnel that comes from flying off the lock could do some serious damage, especially the lucky shot at point-blank range.

況且流彈也有可能置你於死地。特別是在這麼短的距離。

In Captain America: the Winter Soldier, which is an awesome movie, we see cap free-falling without a parachute and landing in the water. Seemingly unscathed.

在一部很棒的電影《美國隊長：酷寒戰士》中，我們可以看到隊長不用降落傘，就直接從高空降落到水上，而且幾乎毫髮無傷。

What we are sure of is the exact speed we can assume that it was around terminal velocity.

我們非常肯定他那時的速度接近了終端速度 （超級快的速度）。

When he enters the water he suddenly starts to decelerate resulting in a force of potentially hundreds of Gs.

所以當他落入水裡時，照理來說會因為馬上減速，造成數以百計的重力加速度。

A force like that can cause broken bones and even death but then again, he is a character in the Marvel Universe, so he can probably handle.

這種力量絕對絕對會造成超嚴重骨折，甚至是死亡，但話說回來，他是 Marvel 的英雄，所以毫髮無傷也是有可能的。

Of course we can't have an action movie without an explosion and where there are explosions there are people casually walking away from them.

當然，沒有一部動作片可以不加入爆炸橋段，但詭異的是，每個人都可以在爆炸現場神色自若的走著！

I'm talking to you every action star ever.

說的就是你們！所有的動作明星！

What these movies fail to consider is the damage in shock waves in the explosion and the shrapnel can come flying around.

這些電影沒有考慮到爆炸所產生的衝擊波，還有流彈也有可能到處飛。

The company knocked down the price of all their dairy products.

那間公司將他們所有乳製品的價錢都調降了。

Immediately after an explosion, a shock waves can travel many times faster than the speed of sound, and are usually followed by very strong winds which working together can knock down many structures.

爆炸所產生的衝擊波會比音速還快上許多，而且伴隨著超級強風，這兩者加在一起可以摧毀很多建築物。

In a Mach 1.3 shockwave, the speed of wind is already stronger than the fastest tornado's wind speed.

舉例來說，當衝擊波的風速達到了 1.3 馬赫時，就已經比最強的龍捲風還要強了。

Speaking of explosions, movies make it seem like all you have to do to make something explode. You shoot it.

談到爆炸，在電影中好像你只要隨便開個槍就會爆炸。

If you try to do this with just a normal gun, it won't work because the bullet does not provide enough of the spark to ignite the gasoline.

如果你試著用手槍點點看，它根本不會起火，因為手槍造成的火花實在太小，根本點不著汽油。

And explosion occurs when a substance rapidly produces gas and heat.

只有在熱能跟汽油迅速產生反應時，才有可能發生爆炸。

In order for the fuel to combust and cause an explosion, the reaction requires some type of the ignition, and a bullet simply won't do the trick. Thanks for it a lot, Hollywood.

所以為了要讓那些燃料產生爆炸，這個化學反應需要一個點火系統，然而子彈根本不可能達成，多謝好萊塢的錯誤示範。

Amnesia is also used incorrectly in many films, resulting in the character losing their self-identity.

失憶症也常常在一些電影中被錯誤使用，電影中的角色完全忘記自己是誰。

However, in real life most people with amnesia primarily have problems with their short-term memory, making them unable to retain new information.

事實上在真實世界裡，大多數的失憶症病患遇到的問題都是出在短期記憶，這讓他們沒有辦法去記憶新的資訊。

Also, even though head injuries can result in temporary confusion and problems with memory, they usually don't result in severe amnesia.

雖然頭部撞擊有可能會導致暫時的記憶混亂，但通常並不會造成非常嚴重的失憶症。

The type of amnesia that movies like to over-exaggerate is called retrograde amnesia which people are not able to recall events that happened before the onset of the amnesia.

電影中失憶症的橋段往往被過度誇大，那個其實叫做逆行性失憶症，此病的患者無法想起在患病之前的所有記憶。

However, this is normally caused by damage to the hippocampus and temporal lobe in the brain.

然而這通常是因為海馬迴或顳葉受到損傷。

Lastly, we can't make this video without mentioning cinematic car chases.

最後，我們實在無法不去提電影中飛車追逐的橋段。

One of my personal favorites is the yacht scene from 2 fast 2 furious.

《玩命關頭 2 》的遊艇場景是我最喜歡的場景之一。

In this scene, a car acts like a projectile as it jumps over the water to land on a yacht.

在那個片段中車子呈現一個拋物線，跳過水面並降落在遊艇上。

The car passengers are of course uninjured.

不用說駕駛跟裡面的人一樣是毫髮無傷

Granted that what he said is true, there's nothing we can do to change it.

就算他說的話是真的，我們也不能改變什麼了。

I will go visit my grandfather tomorrow provided that it doesn't rain.

假如明天沒下雨我就去拜訪我外公。

Granted it is not physically impossible for the car to reach the yacht as long as they were traveling at the correct speeds, but it's highly unlikely that no one in the car was hurt.

雖然只要速度正確，車子要降落在遊艇上並非不可能，但是呢，裡面的人都毫髮無傷絕對是唬爛。

The force of the impact could easily have caused any number of injuries including whiplash, punctured lungs, and concussions, let alone a few cuts and bruises.

這衝擊力很輕易就會造成重傷，包括頸椎受傷、氣胸跟腦震盪，更不用說大小擦傷跟瘀傷。

Ah, but in Hollywood, moviemakers can make their own laws of physics. It might not be the truth but it's definitely entertaining.

但也許好萊塢製片都有他們自己的一套物理學吧。雖然這些橋段都很唬爛，但不可否認是很有娛樂性啦。

What's one movie myth that we didn't mention.

有哪一個錯誤迷思是我們沒提到的呢？

Let us know in the comments and make sure you guys come back every Monday and Thursday for a brand new video.

趕快回覆讓我們知道吧，還有別忘了每週一跟四要準時鎖定我們全新的影片。

Hey, everybody, if you wanna see my in-depth analysis of Martin Scorsese's The Wolf of Wall Street, click here now.

嗨，如果你還想看我深入分析馬丁．史柯西斯的《華爾街之狼》，就快點擊這裡！

- I'm Blocko. - And I'm Avan. - And this has been LIFE NOGGIN. Don't forget to keep on thinking.

- 我是 Blocko。- 我是Avan。- 以上就是本週的 LIFE NOGGIN，記得隨時思考動腦！

看好萊塢電影的時候，你是不是常常覺得裡面的戰鬥場景非常帥氣，或是特效逼真得讓人嚇一跳呢？不過撇開畫面美醜不管，其實這些電影常常為了滿足劇情或感官體驗需求，選擇性地忽略掉一些邏輯上或科學上的錯誤喔。到底電影傳授給觀眾哪些錯誤知識了呢？一起來看看吧！ 1run rampant0:10 run rampant 這個片語指的是「氾濫」；或是「蔓延」、「橫行」，通常用在疾病、犯罪...等；而...