I receive your organization that is the bucket field of social policy

我知道你們的機構專門鑽社會政策的漏洞

I can’t define who comes to us or how long they stay

我不確定是誰來找我們，也不確定他們到底待了多久

基礎被動語態

We get the people for whom nothing else is worked

我們抓到的人都只是在做他們份內工作

People who are fallen for all the other social safety nets

They can’t contain them so we must. That’s our job.

他們不能包容自己，所以我們要包容他們，那是我們的義務

Over the years, as a prison system, as a nation and as a society, we become very good at that

過去幾年來，不管作為一座監獄，一個國家，或是一個社會，我們都謹守本分

Today, we incarcerate more people per capita than any other country in the world.

今天，本國人均監禁率比其他國家高

We have more black men in prison today than wonder slavery in 1850.

黑人坐牢的比率竟然比1850年監禁的奴隸還多

We house the parents of almost 3 million of our communities’ children

我們關了將近三百萬孩子們的父母

And we become the new asylum. The largest know how provider in this nation.

監獄成為新的庇護所，提供全國最大的心理健康資訊的庇護所

When we lock someone up that is not a small thing.

把人關進監牢裡並不是一件小事

And yet we’re call department of corrections.

Today I want to talk about changing the way we think about corrections.

我今天要和大家談談「改變對懲治的想法」

I believe in my experience tells me that when we change the way we think, we create new possibilities or futures.

我的經驗告訴我，一旦改變了想法，我們就能創造更多可能性或是未來

而監獄也需要一個不一樣的未來

I spent my entire career in corrections over thirty years

我投入超過三十年的心力於法務部

I followed my dad into this field. He was a Vietnam veteran. Corrections suited him.

當初跟隨我爸爸進入這個領域，我爸爸是越南退休老兵，法務部適合他

I was not so much any those things and I’m sure that worrying about me.

我那時懵懂無知，這是他擔心我的原因

Eventually, I decided if I was going to end up in prison, I’d better end up on the right side of the bars.

最後，我決定如果我這輩子要在監獄度過餘生，我最好是當獄卒，而不是犯人

Now this was the early eighties. The prisons wasn’t quite what you see on TV or in the movies.

這是80年代初期的監獄，監獄並不像是你在電視或是電影中看到的那個樣子

In many ways, it was worse. I walked in was sell house those five tiers high.

各方面來說，監獄的環境非常糟，一走進去，我看到的是五排高掛的牢房

The rape and the cell for 550 men that living in it.

強姦犯和供550人住的單間牢房都在這裡面

And just in case you wonder, fisher one toilet no small confines.

我怕你會懷疑，監獄裡的廁所非常小

An officer put t key in lockbox in hundreds men streamed out theirselves.

一位獄卒把鑰匙放進有鎖的箱子，上百名犯人大聲吼叫

Hundreds of men streamed out themselves. I walked away as fast as I could.

上百名犯人大聲吼叫，我盡可能快速走出監獄

Eventually, I went back and I started as an officer there.

My job was to run one of those cell blocks and to control those hundreds of men.

我的工作就是管理其中一間牢房，並控制上百名犯人

When I went to work in our reception center, I could actually hear the image drawn from the parking lot,

當我走進接待區，我還能聽到從停車場傳來的聲音

Shaking cell doors, yelling, tearing up their cells.

犯人們搖著牢房，大聲吼叫，並企圖摧毀牢房

Take hundreds of all people and lock them up and what you get is chaos.

領著上百名犯人回牢房，並上鎖時，周遭都是一片混亂

One way we want to do this more effectively, was a new type of housing unit

集約經營裝置，這種新式管理裝置讓

We put inmates in cell behind solid steel doors with cut broads, so we can restrain them and feed them.

我們要犯人坐在堅固的鋼門後，這樣我們就可以控管他們，並招呼他們的三餐

It got quieter. Disturbances died down a general population.

Places became safer because those inmates who are most violent or disruptive now be isolated.

環境變安全了，因為最兇暴的犯人們都已經被隔離了

But isolation is a good to pry people social contact and they deteriorate.

隔離方便我們去監視犯人的社交狀況，而且他們會變墮落

It was hard getting them out if I am you, for them and for us.

如果我是你們，那很難讓那些犯人出來

Even in prison, it’s no small thing to lock someone up.

甚至在監獄裡，把人關起來都不是件小事

My next assignment was to one of the states’ deep in prisons

我第二個工作是在更遠的一座監獄

Where someone far more violent or disruptive limits for house.

那裡的犯人更兇暴、更暴力的破壞牢房

By then the industry had advanced a lot, we had different tools and techniques to manage disruptive behaviors.

那時候的工業技術已經非常進步，所以我們有許多不同的器具和裝置來對付犯人凶暴的行為

We have beam back gun and pepper spray and Plexiglas shields, flash bangs, emergency response teams.

我們有後吊槍、胡椒噴霧、玻璃擋版、閃光彈及緊急應變小組

We met violence with force in chaos with chaos.

We were pretty good at putting out fires.

While I was there I met two experienced correction workers who are also researchers, an anthropologist and a sociologist.

我當獄卒時，遇見兩位懲治局的員工，他們也是研究員，一位是人類學家，另一位是社會學家

One day one of them comment to me and said you’re pretty good at putting out fires.

有一天，其中一人稱讚我很擅長滅火

Have you ever thought about how to prevent them?

I was patient with them explaining our brutal force approach to making prisons safer.

我非常有耐心地向他們解釋如何解決野蠻的暴動，恢復成原本安全的監獄

They were patient with me out of those conversations we grew up some new ideas and we started some small experiments.

他們很有耐心地陪我，而我們在聊天過程中，想出了一些新想法，並開始嘗試一些小型的實驗

First, we stared training officers in teams rather than sending them one or two at a time to stay in training academy.

首先，我們在團隊中訓練獄卒，而不是送他們到訓練協會接受一兩次的訓練

Instead of four weeks of training, we gave them ten.

我們為這些新獄卒進行十週的訓練，而不是只有四週

Then, we experimented with an apprenticeship model repaired new staff with veteran staff.

然後我們會要求新獄卒和退休老兵進行學徒身分的測驗

Second, we had a verbal escalation skills into the training continue on and made a part of the use of force continue on.

其次，我們會持續進行口語提升訓練，暴動發生時就可以派上用場

And we did something even more radical, we trained inmates almost the same skills.

我們也做過更徹底的訓練，那就是用同樣的方式訓練犯人

We changed the skill set reducing violence not just responding to it.

我們改變方式以減少暴力，而不是只有給予回應

Third, we expanded our facility. We tried a new type of design.

第三，擴建設施，我們嘗試過很多種新的設計

Now the biggest and most controversial component of this design a course was the toilet.

現在這套設施最具爭議性的地方就在於廁所

Now, that might not sound significant to you today

No one has ever heard of a cell without toilet.

沒有人聽過一座監獄沒有任何一間廁所

We all thought it was dangerous and crazy even a man house has a toilet.

但我們又覺得每間牢房都有廁所是很危險而且瘋狂的事

That small detail change the way we work.

這一件小事就改變了原本的想法

Inmates and staff started interacting more often and openly in developing report.

犯人和獄卒們有更多的交流，甚至會公開報告

It was easier to detect conflict intervene before escalated.

這比較容易監控犯人狀況，衝突發生時，能有效避免衝突加劇

The unit was clear, quieter, safer, and more humane.

這種裝置操作法易懂，安全，而且更人性化

This was more effective in keeping the peace in any intimidation technique had seen to that point.

任何一種具威脅性的設施都已經改良，更能有效保持和平

Interacting changes our way to behave. Both for the officer and the inmates.

犯人與獄卒之間互相影響，而使我們的行為改變了

We changed the environment and we changed the behavior.

不僅環境改變了，我們的行為也改變了

Now, just in case, I haven’t learned this lesson, they assigned me to headquarters next,

現在，為了以防我還沒弄明白這些知識，長官們指派我去總部

And that’s where I ran straight up against system change.

Now, many things work against system change.

但很多事情都不會因為這個系統改變而改變

Politics and politicians, bills and laws, courts and lawsuits, internal politics.

政治和政客、預算和法令、法庭和訴訟，以及國際局勢

系統要改變變得更加困難且緩慢

In oftentimes, it doesn’t take you where you want to go.

It’s no small thing to change a prison system.

So what I didn’t do was I reflected on my earlier experiences.

I remembered that when irritate two defenders then he went down.

我記得兩位守衛被惹怒之後，他就倒下了

When we changing environment, behavior change. And these were not huge system changes.

我們要改變環境，行為也要改變，而這些還都不算是大系統的改變

These were small changes and these changes create new possibilities.

這些只是小改變，而且這些改變創造了新的可能性

So next I got reassigned a super tended a small prison.

下一次我又被分發到一個小監獄當獄卒

And at the same time, I was working on my degree at the Evergreen State College.

我那時候正在長青州立大學讀書

I interact with a lot of people who were not like me. people have different ideas and came from different backgrounds.

我接觸了許多有著不同想法的人，他們有著不同的背景，而也有不同的想法

其中一人是熱帶雨林的生態學家

She looked at my small prison, and what she saw was a laboratory.

她看我管的這座小監獄，就好像在看一間實驗室

We talked and discovered how prison’s inmates can actually help advanced science.

我們邊討論邊找出犯人其實有助於科學研究的原因

By helping them complete projects that they couldn’t complete on their own.

我們協助完成他們不能獨立完成的計畫

Like repopulating endangered species, frogs, butterflies. Endangered party plants

例如：復育瀕臨絕種的物種，像是青蛙和蝴蝶，還有瀕臨絕種的植物

At the same time, we found ways to make our operation more efficient through the addition over a solar power, rainwater catchment

同時，透過太陽能、雨水收集器、有機栽培和資源回收

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【TED】丹-帕喬爾克:監獄如何幫助囚犯過上有意義的生活（丹-帕喬克：監獄如何幫助囚犯過上有意義的生活）。 (【TED】Dan Pacholke: How prisons can help inmates live meaningful lives (Dan Pacholke: How prisons can help inmates live meaningful lives))